Global Tourism: Nature, Trends, and Key Destinations

This document provides an overview of the nature and trends of global tourism, including statistics on international tourist arrivals. It discusses the characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas, reasons for the growth of global tourism, and the role of international organizations in its development. The document also highlights the challenges and threats to the future development of global tourism.

Global Tourism
Destinations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Stats to present overview of nature and trends of tourism...............................................1
P2. Characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas of the world.....................3
M1 Way in which scale and nature of tourism has influenced emerging economies............5
D1 Impact of both key and emerging markets, and significant factors affecting global tourism
................................................................................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P3. Determining reasons for growth of global tourism generating and receiving areas of world
................................................................................................................................................5
P4. Differences between a range of emerging global tourism destinations...........................6
M2 Significance of different factors affecting tourism statistical trends...............................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P5. Role and responsibilities of key international organisations in the development of global
tourism....................................................................................................................................8
M3 Evaluation of key organisations in growth of global tourism..........................................9
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P6. Threats, issues and challenges to the future development of global tourism...................9
M4 Analysis of implications of significant threats, issues and challenges to global tourism10
D2 Recommendation for managing future development opposed to threats, issues and
challenges.............................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Global tourism can be defined as a term where people (travellers) do visit various unique
destinations across both international and national boundaries. In present time, it has been found
that business firms whether dealing in travel and tourism or any other sector has got affected by
globalisation. The main reason that came in front i.e. profit maximisation with ample number of
opportunities to grow business (Abubakar and Ilkan, 2016). Along with this, it is being analysed
that this sector has helped firms in supporting both international and national economy through
generating number of jobs. Report is going to be enclosed with both trends and nature of tourism.
This assignment will also put light on different characteristics of key tourists, reasons for growth
of global tourism generating and responsibilities along with the roles of international
organisations within tourism industry, will also be covered. Away with this, at last different
range of issues, threats along with the challenges are also going to be discussed for developing
tourism at global level.
TASK 1
P1. Stats to present overview of nature and trends of tourism
In present time, nature of tourism can be considered as travelling, where an individual or
a group travels from one place to another. But, it is being found that this sector has also carries
dynamic nature, where trends gets changes on a regular basis due to updates among technology,
interest and needs of clients and so on.
Global tourism statistics, trends and flow :
If it is talked about international tourist arrivals then in the year of 2018, it got raised by
6% if compared with 2017. On the other hand, according to UNWTO, that has estimated that
international tourist arrivals got enhanced, which can be seen in the numbers where, Middle East
(+10%), Africa (+7%), Asia and the Pacific and Europe (both at +6%) led growth in 2018.
Arrivals to the Americas were below the world average, which is +3% (Avraham, 2015).
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(Source : Infographics, 2017)
Based on the above mentioned information, it is being interpreted that France is the
country, which had most of the number of tourist arrivals with 87 Million people. Apart from
that, Spain, USA, China and Italy are said to be the other nations who has number of visitor
arrivals which is continuously increasing with 82 (+9%), 76 (-4%), 61 (+2.5%) and lastly 58
(11%) Million people (Bandara and Silva, 2016).
On the other hand, if it is talked about United Kingdom (national tourism) then it is said
around 37.9 million overseas visitors that visited to this country in the year of 2018 and spent
approximately £22.9 billion (revenue, which was generated). Including this, revenue which was
generated by international tourism industry was around £1.31 trillion in 2018, which is given in a
recent report from the (UNWTO) showed.
Different trends at national and international and
continental markets:
Global online travel : In present time, if it is talked about individuals who are travelling
national or international level that books adventurous trips with the help of online platforms as it
is both less time consuming and helps in analysing different range of packages that different
online travel and tourism organisations are giving them. Basically, this has raised benefits for
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Illust
ration 1: Infographics

both travellers and the travel agencies as number of tourists got increased because of internet.
Firms like Ulterior events in United Kingdom (national market) has considered this type of trend
as best possible opportunity for them to sustain in the market. Along with this, at international
level companies like Thomas Cook has raised ample number of choices to target customers
across the boundaries. Lastly, if it is talked about Europe then it is said that firms like Travelodge
has taken this trend into consideration as it helps in enhancing the profit margins in much
effective and efficient manner (Battour and et. al., 2017).
Personalization : This is said to be one of the biggest priority among the modern travel
industry trends because around 90% of travellers worldwide admit that standard travelling
process is not enough any longer. This means, that they look forward to consider more than they
receive from firms. This is said to be one of the crucial trend, which almost in all the markets
like national, international and continent followed by different firms to gain competitive
advantages.
World’s top tourism destinations:
Prague : This is the destination, which is having largest castle in all over the world,
which can be considered as attraction for travellers, which raised total number of tourist visitors
in the amount of 6.35 million. Over the years, this destination was famous for it's culture and
history but Gallery of Steel Figures is something which changed perceptions of visitors.
London : One of the famous tourist destination with 17.38 million international tourists
who visits that has various destinations like Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace and Big
Ben (World’s top tourism destinations, 2019). if it is talked about the change, then Brexit has had
a huge impact upon UK's tourism industry amid a significant fall in the British pound, a shift in
tourist numbers, and a decline in the share price of tourism and hospitality companies (Boniface
Cooper and Cooper, 2016).
P2. Characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas of the world
Over the years, it has been analysed that numbers of tourist destinations are increasing
day by day. Along with this, since the interest of tourists in enhancing towards unique and
adventurous tourist destinations, it has brought many new destinations which nowadays coming
in trends. Including this, there are 10 tourism destinations that are coming on top are are UK,
Spain, Vietnam, Mexico, US, China, Turkey, France, Germany, Italy and many more. Here, if it
is talked about number of people who visits these nations than these are : US - 75.9 million, Italy
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- 58.3 million, Mexico - 39.3 million, Turkey - 39.6 million, Spain - 81.8 million and so on.
From this data, it can be said that the higher number of travellers simply shows the increase in
revenue of this industry. Some of the main characteristics which contribute in influencing
travellers towards the destinations are described as below in effective manner:
Tourism generating areas: Tourist generation regions are said to be the permanent
residential like London, Prague and, where tour of a traveller basically begins and ends. Demographics: London, Prague and more then these are the tourism generating areas
where the holiday packages are being built on the basis of age structure, where for a man
of 60 years, would likely to visit a destination, which is away from noise. On the other
hand, if it is compared with 15 year old kid then he must be willing to visit this country
for enjoyment where he or she can satisfy his or needs of adventure. These tourist
destinations Macau, Prague and London consists with both the destinations, where both
60 year old man or teenager could enjoy (Boniface Cooper and Cooper, 2016), Economic: These are said to be the economic determinants which majorly stays enclosed
with personal income. Value of currency and Distribution of income are the crucial
factors that of London is really very good in nature, but due to Brexit personal income of
people who belongs to United Kingdom (national travellers) are having less availability
of the finance, which impacted heavily on this tourism destination.
 Geographical Factors : This could be understood with a good example of Pumpkin
Festival, which usually happens at St. Albans, United Kingdom and it is season as well,
which generates number of Tourist clients.
Tourism receiving areas: Tourist receiving areas attract tourists to stay temporarily and
will have features and attractions that may not be found in the generating area (Buhalis and
Foerste, 2015). Climate: This is the characteristic, where an event take place on a tourist destination like
London. Chapter Festival can be considered as a good example here. Environment:Another characteristic of a temporarily attractions for the travellers and
these are UK Green Film Festival and more. Culture: Tomorrowland, which is a Musical festival (seasonal and attractive for tourist
travellers) mostly in Berlin. Tourism demand goes up and down throughout the year, and
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based on this, Tomorrowland event is being introduced for travellers for a short period of
time.
 Economic factors: Mainly, music festivals (temporary events) that takes place, which
helps in focusing upon particularly on a subject, which may not impact upon pockets of
visitors because they happens for a short span (Cucculelli and Goffi, 2016).
M1 Way in which scale and nature of tourism has influenced emerging economies
In present time, there are ample number of countries that has mainly made their
contributions over tourism sector so that both upliftment of economic conditions and growth of
the sector could effectively be done. Over the years, it has been found that enhanced tourists
nature along with the inflated scale has showed proper extent in regards to developing the nation
in a rightful manner. This could be understood with a good example of Mauritius where, large
amount or investments are being done by government from enhanced scope of travel and
tourism.
D1 Impact of both key and emerging markets, and significant factors affecting global tourism
Here, tourist destination that has been taken into consideration i.e. London, where a
proper destination that has been taken into consideration that is London Eye, which is
specifically found as the place, which is attractive in nature and impacted positively on tourism
business market. Along with this, it is said to be the section which is moreover being considered
as quantum of tourists that mainly impacts effective and promptly on business organisations that
are doing business at international level.
TASK 2
P3. Determining reasons for growth of global tourism generating and receiving areas of world
Growth of global tourism is something, which is continuously have been one of the
crucial element that has influenced upon economic conditions of both national and international
markets. There are some basic reasons and these are, there are infinite destinations in all over the
world, which can be considered as apparent reason behind the upliftment of tourism receiving
and generating places is regarded as the large number of choices that are available to tourists
across the globe from which they can choose which kind of place they intend to visit as well.
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Basically, in present time there are ample number of key factors, that influences travel
and these are given underneath:
Geographical appeal of different tourism destinations : If it is talked about places like
London, Prague and more, then these are the tourist destinations that are having coastal beaches,
resorts, islands, national parks, wildlife etc., which has continuously helped this destination in
reaching to an all new level and attracted travellers high in numbers. On the other hand, if it is
talked about the interest of travellers, then their curiosity gets changes on the basis of seasons.
Therefore, a traveller would not specifically visit an island with high temperature in summers
(Forno and Garibaldi, 2015).
Historical cultural appeal of tourism destinations: This is one of the crucial reason,
which is said to be something, that attracts number of travellers, who likes to see and gain
knowledge related to historical monuments and so on. Basically, if it is talked about tourist
destinations like Prague or London, then these has their own history with ample number of
castles, places and so on, which can be considered as something that is appealing to travellers.
The 4 A’s of destinations: Attractions, which is said to be the first A of destination that
consists with cultural sites, historical buildings, monuments or scenery, archaeological sites and
beach, flora & fauna, national parks. resorts, mountains and so on. Amenities, is said to be
something where extra facilities & services required to the guest while travelling, which is
majorly being given by travel agencies of different tourism destinations. Access is said to be
mode of transportation which helps the tourist to reach to a particular destination and all the
destinations like London, Prague and more already has effective transportation system. Away
with this, Ancillary stays enclosed with food & lodging facilities to the guest, which all the
selected tourist destinations has unique taste that helps them in supporting travel and tourism
destinations (Gmelch, and Kaul, 2018).
P4. Differences between a range of emerging global tourism destinations
Basically, the two emerging global destinations that has been taken into consideration
are: EdinBurgh Castle and Coca Cola London Eye and on these TALC Model is being applied:
Basis of Comparison EdinBurgh Castle Coca Cola London Eye
Exploration Stage where, number of
tourists stays small. Since, this
This tourist destination has
3.75 million visitors who visits
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castle is man-made it is
already has a good name in all
over the world with 1.7 million
visitors every year.
to this place every year.
Therefore, this destination is
also not coming in this
segment.
Involvement Nearby this Castle people has
developed guest houses.
Nearby, to this tourism
destination is something
somewhat could be considered
as season, which may develop.
Development Control of tourism declines
rapidly would be something
that can be seen due to local
involvement.
This tourist destination's
economic conditions are
specifically tied with tourism.
Consolidation Visitor numbers for this
destination has somehow
reached to it's peak (Kiráľová
and Pavlíčeka, 2015).
Use of electricity (high in
terms), basically causes social,
environmental, along with
economic issues.
Stagnation Successful redevelopment
leads to renewed growth.
Tourism is stabilised by
cutting capacity levels.
Decline Able to deal with number of
tourism attractions.
This tourist destination can be
replaced by non-tourism
activities.
Identify factors driving growth of specific destinations:
There are many factors which lead to growth of some specific destinations. Which are
environmental, socio economic, religious and historical factors. All these factors actually help in
growth of some special destinations. EdinBurgh castle is a fortes which helps tourists in
understanding the features of early settlement which is a historical factor stimulates those tourist
who want to understand overall history. London eye is also a tourist destination which was
designed by husband and wife team this is a history associated with this place which makes it
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more popular. The innovative structure of this London eye helps this destination to be one of
factors for driving its growth (Lee, Packer and Scott, 2015).
Future predictions and forecast:
There are large number of tourists who are willing to visit these two popular destinations
is a prediction EdinBurgh castle because of its presence in the capital city which is Scotland has
been famous because of it s prime location. In the present context this is the most visited tourist
pace, there are about 2.1 million visitors in the year 2018. there is a prediction this figure is
going to increase in future. London eye is also on the south bank having a location on River
Thames in the city London. This is the tallest wheel in Europe. This is one of the highest public
viewing point of London, but now there has been another 245 metre high wheel which has
superseded this wheel. This can be a reason for decline in number of visitors for this destination.
Strategies employed by the emerging destinations (Moutinho and Vargas-Sanchez, 2018).
M2 Significance of different factors affecting tourism statistical trends
There are different components which are influencing and driving the travel industry in
factual patterns. If it is talked about Edinburgh Castle, it incorporates appeal of framework,
which is sat up on volcanic rocks and the sky is the limit from there, that aides in drawing in
more the travel industry. While advancement in transportation and promoting methodology like
computerized innovation, and so forth help this palace of Scotland to at present draw in guests
when it is at the decay phase of goal life-cycle. Including this, Coca Cola London eye utilizes
biodegradable oil and oil that makes no mischief to untamed life.
TASK 3
P5. Role and responsibilities of key international organisations in the development of global
tourism
In present time, tour and travel business organisation has different range of key roles
along with responsibilities to sustain or to develop global tourism. Firms or travel business firms
like United Nation World Tourism Organisation, European travel Commission, Air BnB and
more like International Air Transport companies has effectively contributed towards
enhancement among global tourism index. Apart from this, Mentioned below are the roles and
responsibilities of international organisation to enhance tourism is being depicted below:
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Reducing barriers for tourism: Organisations like World Tourism and TUI play a crucial
role to reduce barrier that affect International tourism. In addition with this, these organisations
significantly look towards to reduce political as well as territorial barriers in order to encourage
tourist to take Global tour in order to fulfil their desire. Responsibilities that have been
undertaken by the organisation are beneficial to increase International tourism index rate. They
also contribute in providing supporting infrastructure facility, and facilitating travel for
Sustainable Tourism growth, regulating market and development of new policies.
M3 Evaluation of key organisations in growth of global tourism
Key business firms like UNWTO, TUI and so on effectively plays an effective and
efficient role in order to improve the tourism business sector, that helps in operating the different
nations and helps in attracting a number of facilities to tourist in all over the nation. Away with
this, it is also said that significantly travel and tourism business organisations mainly raise
employment which directly impacts positively on GDP along with per capita income as well.
TASK 4
P6. Threats, issues and challenges to the future development of global tourism
Basically, globalisation has created ample number of challenges for travel and tourism
business organisations while development, and the reason that came in front is increase in the
rate of terrorism, change in climate condition and maintenance of sustainability Global tourism is
affected in many different ways (Xiang, Magnini and Fesenmaier, 2015). All these elements
create thread for international organisation as to further develop tourism index rate:
Climate condition: Because of changing in atmosphere and increment in a worldwide
temperature alteration list there are various components winning in atmosphere, for example,
increment in carbon presence that make dangers on characteristic assets. Hence, it is basic for
venturing out association to embrace advancement of Sustainable Tourism by attempted
medicinal activities. In this they can fundamentally contribute in CSR exercises and further edge
systems to drop down the degree of negative effect of the travel industry on atmosphere
condition. What's more with this legislature is additionally require to outline arrangements to
bring down carbon action is so as to help in enhancing the sustainability (Samori,Salleh and
Khalid, 2016).
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Safety and security: This is being considered as the diverse method of transportation like,
Cruise ship, modern aircraft, and prepares empower people who are willing to travel to
effortlessly make a trip to goals in modest way. What's more with this universal financial
framework enables visitors or travellers to have simple access to cash that enable them to travel
unreservedly. Aside from that there are number of dangers before International Organization
with respect to well-being and security of traveller. This makes challenge for business
organisations that are dealing at government and so as to effectively focusing upon travel
industry. Consequently, it is fundamental for these association and government to offer better
security framework to travellers so as to make them have a sense of security (Vellas, 2016).
M4 Analysis of implications of significant threats, issues and challenges to global tourism
A portion of the significant requirements of advancement of worldwide the travel industry
are threat based issues and security concern. Because of these, negative effects are seen over the
incomes and development related with the travel industry over the globe. Further, it is seen that
packages are made in the brains of people inferable from which they become uneasy of visiting
goals which are inclined to such chances. This prompts a gigantic diminishing in worldwide the
travel industry.
D2 Recommendation for managing future development opposed to threats, issues and challenges
There are number of suggestions, which are available and these are :-
 Dealing with safety issues: Within tourism business sector, it has been found that in
regards to safety related issues, ministry of Tourism along with companies like UNWTO
has somehow maintained to keep safety of tourists as their priority. Here, social media
along with digital campaigns are said to be effective elements that provide aid in creating
awareness among people about this matter.
 Combating tourism: The strategies through this threat as well as its outcomes can be
handled are development of contingency plans, risk management protocols and disaster
recovery programmes by international organisations.
CONCLUSION
With the help of above mentioned report, it is being concluded that development of
economic development would directly stays connected to economic conditions of a nation. Also,
it has been summarised that growth of global tourism is something whose tourism receiving and
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creating destinations is continuously helping tourist destinations in supporting the needs and
requirements of clients in much more successful manner. Away with this, both mobile
applications and online sales of service has been something, which has helped in enhancing the
profit margins of travel and tourism business organisations.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Abubakar, A.M. and Ilkan, M., 2016. Impact of online WOM on destination trust and intention to
travel: A medical tourism perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing &
Management, 5(3), pp.192-201.
Avraham, E., 2015. Destination image repair during crisis: Attracting tourism during the Arab
Spring uprisings. Tourism Management, 47, pp.224-232.
Bandara, R.I. and Silva, D.A.C., 2016. E-tourism and roles of travel agencies: a case study of
promoting Japanese inbound tourism in Sri Lanka.
Battour, M., Ismail, M.N., Battor, M. and Awais, M., 2017. Islamic tourism: an empirical
examination of travel motivation and satisfaction in Malaysia. Current Issues in
Tourism, 20(1), pp.50-67.
Boniface, B., Cooper, R. and Cooper, C., 2016. Worldwide destinations: The geography of travel
and tourism. Routledge.
Boniface, B., Cooper, R. and Cooper, C., 2016. Worldwide destinations: The geography of travel
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Buhalis, D. and Foerste, M., 2015. SoCoMo marketing for travel and tourism: Empowering co-
creation of value. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 4(3), pp.151-161.
Cucculelli, M. and Goffi, G., 2016. Does sustainability enhance tourism destination
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Production, 111, pp.370-382.
Forno, F. and Garibaldi, R., 2015. Sharing economy in travel and tourism: The case of home-
swapping in Italy. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 16(2),
pp.202-220.
Gmelch, S.B. and Kaul, A., 2018. Tourists and tourism: A reader. Waveland Press.
Kiráľová, A. and Pavlíčeka, A., 2015. Development of social media strategies in tourism
destination. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 175, pp.358-366.
Lee, K.H., Packer, J. and Scott, N., 2015. Travel lifestyle preferences and destination activity
choices of Slow Food members and non-members. Tourism Management, 46, pp.1-10.
Moutinho, L. and Vargas-Sanchez, A. eds., 2018. Strategic Management in Tourism, CABI
Tourism Texts. Cabi.
Samori, Z., Salleh, N.Z.M. and Khalid, M.M., 2016. Current trends on Halal tourism: Cases on
selected Asian countries. Tourism Management Perspectives, 19, pp.131-136.
Vellas, F., 2016. The international marketing of travel and tourism: A strategic approach.
Macmillan International Higher Education.
Xiang, Z., Magnini, V.P. and Fesenmaier, D.R., 2015. Information technology and consumer
behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet. Journal
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Online
Infographics. 2017. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www2.unwto.org/content/infographics>.
World’s top tourism destinations. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.elitereaders.com/worlds-top-25-tourist-destinations/3/>.
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