Global Travel and Tourism: Pattern and Trends

This document discusses the key historical milestones and their impact on the global travel and tourism industry. It also explores the different elements of the industry and their interrelation. The document further examines the factors influencing tourism and the motivation models that influence tourists. Additionally, it highlights the emerging trends and patterns in the industry and factors affecting the popularity of global destinations.

Global Travel and Tourism
Pattern and Trends

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Key historical milestones and ways in which they shaped global travel & tourism industry....3
Different elements of travel & tourism industry and their interrelation.....................................4
Inter relationship between elements and affects on each other...................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
Tourism influencing factors........................................................................................................6
Factors underpinning tourists behaviour.....................................................................................7
Motivation models influencing tourists......................................................................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
Emerging trends and patterns .....................................................................................................9
Significance of the patterns in development of the industry at a global level ...........................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
Factors affecting popularity of global destinations...................................................................10
Link between key drivers of tourists behaviour........................................................................10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................11
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................13
Books and Journal.....................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism is a growing industry and people in today's world are interested in
adventurous activities and are interested to god out travelling. This is enhancing the scope of
travel and tourism industry. The reason because of which people travel are, tourism or
vacation, research travel, recreation, the gathering of information, volunteer travel for charity,
visiting people, religious pilgrimages and mission trips, business travel, migration to begin life
somewhere else, commuting, trade, and other reasons (Aceron and et.al., 2018). The report is
based on key milestones that have helped the tour and travel industry to develop and report also
consists of global marketing strategy for Alton towers which is a theme park and resort in
Staffordshire, England. The history of travel and tourism and the elements of of the industry are
also discussed. The interrelation between these elements and the tourist experience. The
importance of various factors that impacts the tourism behaviour are mentioned. Consumer
decision making process is influenced by motivation to travel and to justify the same a Maslow's
need hierarchy is being discussed. The emerging trends and patterns in travel and tourism
industry are important to identify as they help in success of the industry. In the end of the report
there is discussion about factors that affect the popularity of global destinations.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
Key historical milestones and ways in which they shaped global travel & tourism industry
According to united Nations World Tourism Organisation, 2008, “Tourism is
combination of cultural, social and economic phenomenon that involves movement of people to
different places and countries that are external to regular environment for personal or
professional purpose. The people who go out for travel are called visitors or tourists.” Tourism
helps to boost the economic condition of that place (Aultman-Hall and et.al 2018). It helps to
boost the sales, creates employment, leads to cultural exchange between citizens and foreigners.
Travelling for the purpose of leisure has evolved gradually. As in ancient times only
royal people used to travel leisure was only available for upper class people. Through 17th
century young men were motivated to travel and they were encouraged to travel in Europe which
is known as “grand tour.” Then in middle Ages there were some societies that have developed
practising tourism to various pilgrimages. Hospitality evolved after the word tourism and that

was developed in14th century. The work tourist then appeared in 1772. All this means people go
out for some time for the purpose of travel and return after some time at their homes.
The first travel agency was founded in 1758 naming Cox & Kings when Richard Cox
started working with British Royal Armed Forces as official travel agent. Then after 100 years
Thomas Cook opened a industry for commercial packaged tours (Caber and Albayrak, 2018).
This can be seen that there are number changes which were seen by this industry in recent time.
Some of these are related to changes in function and development of rail travel, auto travel in
1886 and commercial flights in 1952. these are essential in meeting needs and performing all
roles in direction on business. this is also helpful for business and resorts . this helps in attraction
customer and developing constant function so that business firm can achieve better results.
This can also seen that that there are several changes in polices which have to be
meet byes business firm in order to achieve better results and manage roles. these are essential to
meet needs and perform function in effective way. Technological shift was then seen in industry
from 2000's and development of Online booking services are essential in order to meet customer
expectation and perform all jobs in order to meet customer objectives. this also acted as an global
trend and manage global reach of business.
Different elements of travel & tourism industry and their interrelation
There are various elements of that are involved in travel and tourism industry. It includes
accommodation, transportation, entertainment food & beverages, leisure and other connected
industries. All of these elements have relationship and dependent on each other. Below is
discussion related to these elements and the interrelation between them:
Hospitality sector: One of the most important element of travel and tourism industry is
hospitality sector and it includes accommodations of the tourists. It bis related to food and
beverages and also with the entertainment. The hotels are included in hospitality industry. They
not only provide the facility of accommodation but they takes care of food and beverages of the
tourists. In some hotels there is facility for the tourist like spa, swimming pool. Also the hotels
do activities for entertainment and leisure for the customers. Each and every activity is related
with one another (Coelho, and Castillo-Girón, 2020). It is important to carry all the activities
hand in hand for success of the hotel. The huge hotel also provide the facility of transportation.
They give the facility of pick and drop to the customers. All these activities helps the hotels to
attract6 more and more customers. The more facilities that the customers get it attracts the

individual more. It can be said that the accommodation in hotel is related with food and
beverages and also transportation.
Transportation sector: Transportation means facilitating the customer from one destination to
another like in railways, air planes. This is directly related with food and beverage as tourists are
provided food while travelling (Hwang, and Lee, 2019). The transportation sector is incomplete
without the food beverage sector. Also there are many activities that are required for entertaining
the guests like music, games, movie and so on. This shows that there is need of other sectors to
successfully provide the facility of transportation in travels and tourism. Also the transportation
sector is relate with accommodation as in case of over night flights the accommodation is
provided to tourist for sleep and rest. This is how these sectors are related to each other.
Food & Beverages: This sector is related and dependent on accommodation. The restaurants and
bars are really established near the places where there are good hotels where people come to
stay. They select the location according to other elements.
To make a tourist destination successful it is important to know all the elements and find
a relationship between all of them. The strength of one element helps to support the other
element. It is important to have proper coordination among all the elements as a single element is
not enough to satisfy the tourists. The needs and wants of customers are ever changing and to
satisfy them there is need to satisfy them by providing them the services they want (Iovino280
and Migliaccio281, 2018) .
Inter relationship between elements and affects on each other
From the above discussion it is clear hat all the elements are interrelated and have impact
on one another. They may create positive as well as negative impact on the tourists. As a strength
of one element will directly create a positive impact on other. So a weakness in one element can
also have negative impact on the other element. For example people book the hotel online and
they saw that the pictures good and made plan to stay there, but when actually visited the place
was not like the have showed in pictures. This will create a negative impact on people and they
won't stay at the place. This will also impact the food and beverage department as the customer
will develop a negative image and they would not try the food of that place. This will also create
a negative impact in mind of tourist.
In the same way if a tourist is travelling in air line and the food provided to the person is
not up to mark then it creates ca negative image of the airline facility and will not suggest he

same to anyone. This also creates negative impact on the tourist. Also if there is overnight flight
and the accommodation that is provided is not good then the person will not repeat the visit and
this can decrease the footfall in these transportations. This clearly states that all the elements are
related with each other and create direct impact on the tourists.
TASK 2
Tourism influencing factors
There are various factors that impact the the tourism sector. It is important for
organisation to determine the factors that have impact on the tousism. The factors are discussed
below:
Environmental factors- The environment of the place has impact on the growth on tourism
sector of the place. The climactic condition of the place also impact the place. A climatic
condition attract more people towards the destination. The people who live at cold places are
attracted towards sunshine and pleasant climate. On the other side the people who belong to
summer areas like to visit cool places. The are attracted towards snow and they enjoy cold fresh
environment. This factor has a direct impact ion the growth of tourism. One of the important
factor that tourist look before is beauty of the place. The beauty of the place long sea beaches,
fresh water lakes, sunrise and sunset points, waterfalls, etc. attract customers.
Socio-economic factors- The next factor that impacts the tourism sector is socio-economic
factors. Tourist visit the place that is accessible and have good road, transportation facility. They
plan to visit the place that has suitable options to travel. The main factor is socio-economic
factors is accommodation (Karma, and Susanti, 2018). Tourist always visit the place where there
is facility of accommodation and they are able to stay at a comfortable place. They check the

place, the standard of living capacity to spend money. They choose the hotels according to the
requirements and mostly prefer the places that have good food and lodging lodging are available
at reasonable prices. Amenities is also a crucial factor that attracts the tourists this includes
factors like roping, skiing, paragliding, fishing, rowing, surfing, safari adventure, etc. Also they
check the emergency facilities are available or not. Ancillary services includes the
supplementary services. Tourist also check are are concerned about the other services that are
available like hospitals, internet, insurance and so on. All these factors are important and need to
be improved to attract more number of tourists.
Historical and cultural factor- It is also seen that tourists are attracted towards the culture
followed and are interested to know about the history of the places. The destinations that help
tourist and provide them with all such facilities are usually more successful. Tourist love
exploring the places that have historical monuments ancient forts, palaces and castles where the
kings and queen used to stay.
Religious factors- Religious factors also create impact on the tourism of a place. Some people
like to visit a place where they can get inner peace. They like to explore about the religions over
there. This means faiths, beliefs and sentiments of people also impact the tourism industry.
Other factors- There are other factors that have impact on the tourism. Research activities help
to improve the place and take actions that contribute to development of the place. It is important
to make research and provide the facilities that would help to attract tourist.
All the above mentioned factors have impact on the tourism sector and it is important to
take care of all these factors as they contribute to growth of the place.
Factors underpinning tourists behaviour
The factors that have underpinning on tourist behaviours are mentioned below:
Personal factor- It includes age, profession, personality, life style and so son all these factors
influence the decision making of an individual. As the people choose the destination according to
the people with whom they are visiting like family, friends etc. If they want to visit with children
the choice is different like they would look at a place where the children can enjoy and consider
amusement parks, zoo etc. Also the choice depends on the perception and interest of people they
they visit the places accordingly (Lin, and Kuo, 2018). The people who are religious visit
museums and historical monuments rather than shopping streets.

Social factors- Social factors also have impac6t on the decision making process of tourists. This
includes lifestyle of people and factors like buying habits, wealth, education level and structure
and population density. These factors have impact and people choose the place while considering
these factors.
Situational factors- The next factor that has impact on the tourist behaviour is Situational
factors. The situation of the person also impacts the travelling decision. For example physically
unfit will choose trip where they have to travel more or the air pressure are low such as
mountains.
The impact can be seen by on the destination they are visting and number of places they
visit.
Motivation models influencing tourists
Maslow's hierarchy theory states the level of motivation a person is desire to attain in their life at
some extent, as every individual want something more after achieving the basic needs. Theory
also explains how the tourists are motivated.
Physiological needs:
Psychological needs consist a basic requirement of an individual for survival like food
shelter, clothing, warm, sleep. They are attracted towards the place where they get proper
accommodation are good quality of food (Pencarelli, 2020). The basic need is fulfilled by each
destination the tourist visit.
Safety needs:
The next in the line is safety need. Human desires are never ending, it goes a step forward
after achieving one level of desire. Once an individual has its basic needs they want security of
all the sources from which they are getting it by the control of family and society. Herein the
tourist analyse that the place is safe to visit.
Social belongings:
An individual not only want money satisfaction but also emotional and mental stability at
the same time. Herein travellers like to build relations with the people that travelling and also the
local communities the. As it is important to develop relations as that increase the enjoyment level
and entertainment in the visit.
Self-esteem

This is fourth need that emerge after belongingness need is fulfilled and under this a
person tries to impress family and friends and make a good image in front of them.
Self-actualisation
This is last is hierarchy. Tourists wish to evolve their personality and learn new things.
Adventurous activities are included in this level of motivation.
In this may model of motivation is is applied to tourists and they are motivated.
TASK 3
Emerging trends and patterns
Travel industry has witnessed various trends and patterns in the recent times. The changing
patterns of the travel industry has impacted the operations of the Alton Tower as well. Few of the
trends that has effected the working conditions of Alton Tower are listed below :-
The shift from international tourists to the local tourists is a major trend that can be identifies in
the current tourism industry. Alton Tower has also experienced the same as earlier there was a
lot of international attraction at the park but now the management is focusing on attracting the
locals as well (Susanti and Karma, 2019). The tourism companies have started capitalising on
their local audience as well and are implementing creative strategies in order to persuade the
same towards their concerned organisation.
Leisure experience is one of the main components for the the travel industry as the consumers
experience is considered to be one of the major determinants of success of a company. Alton
Tower has expanded their operations and have established luxurious resorts around the park in
order to make the travel and stay easy and convenient for them. Nowadays consumers are
looking out for destinations where they can rejuvenate and revive from the hectic busy hours of
work in their everyday routine. The leisure time has become a necessity for the customers and
Alton tower is trying its best to optimize the same in order to realise good profits in the future
run (Han and et. al., 2018) .
Online bookings and payments has increased the efficiency of operations in the tourism
industry. They have also helped the consumers to book the hotels online and pay through the
online mediums available to them in order to get relived from the stress of booking at the last
minute.

Significance of the patterns in development of the industry at a global level
These above mentioned trends have contributed in uplifting the standard of travel and tourism
industry. These dynamic emerging patterns have played a major role in the development of the
entire global tourism.
The increased attention and concentration on the local customers have led to the
enhanced opportunity of employment for the local residence. Various individuals are motivated
to start their business outlets such as restaurant business, motels,hotels, transport services etc.
which are helping the same in raising the development of the weaker sections of the society
which were deprived of opportunities (Pantano and Gandini, 2017) .
The encouragement of leisure experience is leading to heavy investments and
maintenance in the industry all around the world. The organisation engaged in the tourism
industry are trying their level best to come up with the innovative infrastructures and facilities so
as to attract the consumers towards their company (Talwar and et.al 2020). The travel enthusiasts
are also benefiting from the same as they are being provided with the best atmosphere and latest
services.
The online payment feature is facilitating in the encouragement of the cashless payment
technology across the globe. The technical advancements are extremely necessary in order to
pave the way for the further development of tourism industry in the world.
TASK 4
Factors affecting popularity of global destinations
There are various factors that affect the popularity of global destinations. All these factors have
impact of tourist according to their needs and wants. The major factors are climate of destination,
historical sites present at destination, natural environment surrounding destination, indigenous
culture and religious centres. There are other factors like hotel, shopping facilities, transport,
adventure facilities, guest houses, entertainment and so on. All the factors have impact on
popularity of that place (Vu, and Law, 2019). The primary factors have impact on the customers
and afterwards the secondary factors are taken into consideration. This is the reason Alton
Towers is also providing extra facilities like travel services luxurious stay, entertainment, and so
on to their guests.

The requirement of tourist vary from person to person. While ranking the factors are
divided into primary and secondary. Primary factors include natural environment, sites,
indigenous cultures and so on. For example Natural environment are the surfs in Bali, mountains
of Switzerland. The secondary factors include food, shopping services, hotels, entertainment and
adventure (Mermet,2017).
Link between key drivers of tourists behaviour
Some of the examples that are seen as key drivers are mentioned below:
Tower of London: This is famous fortresses seen in the world also this is historical and tourists
witness ceremonies that are old and take place on daily basis in the fort.
Kew gardens: Kew gardens is also one of the most renowned botanical garden. There are natural
flowers and plants that attract the customers. The tourists that are interested in nature are mostly
attracted. Visitors can enjoy royal kitchen and treetop walks. Also the places is famous due to
presence of carnivores plants.
Flamingo land Theme and Zoo: The people that are adventurous and are interested in leisure
stay are attracted towards Flamingo land Theme and Zoo. As they provide services like live
entertainment, number of rides, restaurants, bars and so on. The place is so adventurous and
attract number of people. There are 140 live species that increases the attracting power of the
place. The species include rare red pandas, penguins and also has a theme park for family.
Oxford street: There are good opportunities present at Oxford street that is key factor at the
place. There are around 300 shops at the place and many retailers sell local handicraft there.
Tourists are attracted towards the place and shopping is a kind of activity that visitors enjoy. The
place is open for all 7 days and there are n umber of cafes and bars nearby that provides a place
to relax for visitors.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that there are number of developments that are
taking place in tourism sector. It is a growing industry and people are attracted towards the
industry. There is discussion about milestones that have helped in development of the industry.
There are various elements that are interrelated to each other and helps in success of the industry.
There is discussion related to factors and the impact of those factors on travel and tourism
industry. The consumer decision making process is dependent on the level of motivation of

tourists. The trends and patterns of the industry in international marketplace are also mentioned
in the report. In the end there is discussion related to factors affecting the popularity of a range of
global destinations.

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