Analysis of Performance Information Use and Organizational Performance
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The assignment analyzes the relationship between performance information use and organizational performance, examining several studies and research papers. It discusses how performance information is used in organizations, its impact on decision-making, and the role of strategy in achieving success. The study also explores the effects of quality management on hospitality performance and the importance of corporate social responsibility among leading European organizations.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
Overview of various sector within hospitality industry..............................................................1
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................5
Opportunities for Internalisation ................................................................................................5
Management issues in Hospitality industry................................................................................6
Human resource management and operations.............................................................................8
Corporate social responsibility and sustainability issues ...........................................................9
Future Trends as well as development within hospitality market ..........................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
Overview of various sector within hospitality industry..............................................................1
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................5
Opportunities for Internalisation ................................................................................................5
Management issues in Hospitality industry................................................................................6
Human resource management and operations.............................................................................8
Corporate social responsibility and sustainability issues ...........................................................9
Future Trends as well as development within hospitality market ..........................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
INTRODUCTION
In the present highly competitive environment, expanding business is considered to be a
difficult as well as complex procedure. Expanding business operations require specialised
planning which is to be done by the manager in an organisation. Growth of business involves
high risk which can have negative impact on the business performance. In addition to this,
formulation as well as implementation of suitable strategy can assist the firm in achieving
stability and help enterprise in earning long term profitability (Zalengera and et.al, 2014). There
are different options available such as export, market development as well as penetration which
can be utilised by companies for expanding the business internationally. Before expanding the
business, it is very important for manager in an enterprise to conduct internal assessment and
analyse business position in market. The purpose of present report is to identify opportunities for
internationalisation in hospitality sector. It emphasizes on developing the understanding about
management issues within hospitality sector in context of etc. venue (Aslan, 2017)
LO1
Overview of various sector within hospitality industry
Suitable country for market development
Company has to expand its business in Turkey because it is considered as fastest growing nation.
Many tourists come to Turkey every year and spend high amount here. Thus, if entity enter
into this country then it will be beneficial for the firm to raise its profitability. This would be
suitable country for market development of the company.
Pestle analysis of three countries (Zalengera and et.al, 2014)
PESTLE analysis of UK
Political factors: This factors have direct as well as significant influence on the business
operations of company. Change in government norms have impact on industry. Brexit was a
significant political event and it had a noticeable impact on tourism and the hospitality
industry (Aslan, 2017)
Economic factor: This variable has direct as well as significant effect on the profitability sector
of hospitality industry. The situation of demand is healthy and the hotel brands would be
able to benefit from the current situation (Khan, Alam and Alam, 2015)
1
In the present highly competitive environment, expanding business is considered to be a
difficult as well as complex procedure. Expanding business operations require specialised
planning which is to be done by the manager in an organisation. Growth of business involves
high risk which can have negative impact on the business performance. In addition to this,
formulation as well as implementation of suitable strategy can assist the firm in achieving
stability and help enterprise in earning long term profitability (Zalengera and et.al, 2014). There
are different options available such as export, market development as well as penetration which
can be utilised by companies for expanding the business internationally. Before expanding the
business, it is very important for manager in an enterprise to conduct internal assessment and
analyse business position in market. The purpose of present report is to identify opportunities for
internationalisation in hospitality sector. It emphasizes on developing the understanding about
management issues within hospitality sector in context of etc. venue (Aslan, 2017)
LO1
Overview of various sector within hospitality industry
Suitable country for market development
Company has to expand its business in Turkey because it is considered as fastest growing nation.
Many tourists come to Turkey every year and spend high amount here. Thus, if entity enter
into this country then it will be beneficial for the firm to raise its profitability. This would be
suitable country for market development of the company.
Pestle analysis of three countries (Zalengera and et.al, 2014)
PESTLE analysis of UK
Political factors: This factors have direct as well as significant influence on the business
operations of company. Change in government norms have impact on industry. Brexit was a
significant political event and it had a noticeable impact on tourism and the hospitality
industry (Aslan, 2017)
Economic factor: This variable has direct as well as significant effect on the profitability sector
of hospitality industry. The situation of demand is healthy and the hotel brands would be
able to benefit from the current situation (Khan, Alam and Alam, 2015)
1
Social factor: social factors too that affect the global hospitality industry. Consumer preference
is an important factor. If consumer sentiment is favorable both airlines and the hotel brands
stand to gain (Parra-Lopez, Sayadi and Duran-Zuzáo, 2015)
Technological factor: Technology is shaping the travel experience at many other points too
including on the ground and in the air. This factor has supported hospitality sector in
providing additional facilities to customers (Zalengera and et.al, 2014)
Legal factors: public safety and labour law are two important norms which have great influence
on human resources policies and practices in hospitality sector. The legal authority in UK
has focus on ensuring that enterprises can rely on a business-friendly environment and make
the most out of growth markets outside the EU (Aslan, 2017)
Environmental factors: Sustainability is a key concern in tourism and hospitality sector in
Europe. Even the hotel industry is impacted directly by changing weather conditions (Khan,
Alam and Alam, 2015)
PESTLE analysis of Spain
2
is an important factor. If consumer sentiment is favorable both airlines and the hotel brands
stand to gain (Parra-Lopez, Sayadi and Duran-Zuzáo, 2015)
Technological factor: Technology is shaping the travel experience at many other points too
including on the ground and in the air. This factor has supported hospitality sector in
providing additional facilities to customers (Zalengera and et.al, 2014)
Legal factors: public safety and labour law are two important norms which have great influence
on human resources policies and practices in hospitality sector. The legal authority in UK
has focus on ensuring that enterprises can rely on a business-friendly environment and make
the most out of growth markets outside the EU (Aslan, 2017)
Environmental factors: Sustainability is a key concern in tourism and hospitality sector in
Europe. Even the hotel industry is impacted directly by changing weather conditions (Khan,
Alam and Alam, 2015)
PESTLE analysis of Spain
2
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Political
Alterations of various government
regimes terrorism or worldwide, it
would directly impact hospitality
industry of Spain.
Economical
Huge demand of tourism sector
Growth of labour market along with
consumer spending
Social
Preference had been shifted not in
against various private
accommodations.
Technological
From the perspective of airline till its
bookings along with marketing,
technology is considered as huge
influencer.
Environmental
Sustainability
Special focus on ecotourism
Managing its ecological impact towards
waste management
Legal
Major important concern on both
labour and public security.
Staff training is very important.
Political
there is no proper government in Spain
since 20015
Scheme agreements has given tourist a
chance easier to money in other
country.
No visa facility helps in saving time
and money.
Economical
Spain is fourth largest Euro zone
economy.
Financial position of the country will
be strengthen with the increase in
number of tourism
The labour market is growing stronger with
consumer spending.
Social
Consumer preferences are changing in
favour of private accommodation.
Consumer sentiments are favourable
Technological
For attaining success companies which are
operating in hospitality sector need to make
3
Alterations of various government
regimes terrorism or worldwide, it
would directly impact hospitality
industry of Spain.
Economical
Huge demand of tourism sector
Growth of labour market along with
consumer spending
Social
Preference had been shifted not in
against various private
accommodations.
Technological
From the perspective of airline till its
bookings along with marketing,
technology is considered as huge
influencer.
Environmental
Sustainability
Special focus on ecotourism
Managing its ecological impact towards
waste management
Legal
Major important concern on both
labour and public security.
Staff training is very important.
Political
there is no proper government in Spain
since 20015
Scheme agreements has given tourist a
chance easier to money in other
country.
No visa facility helps in saving time
and money.
Economical
Spain is fourth largest Euro zone
economy.
Financial position of the country will
be strengthen with the increase in
number of tourism
The labour market is growing stronger with
consumer spending.
Social
Consumer preferences are changing in
favour of private accommodation.
Consumer sentiments are favourable
Technological
For attaining success companies which are
operating in hospitality sector need to make
3
for both airlines and hotel brands to
gain.
focus on the adoption of social media
marketing and other technological aspects.
Environmental
Hotel companies need to perform their
activities in an eco-friendly manner.
Legal
In Spain, hospitality firms need to follow
health and safety as well as protective
equipment Act, taxation rules etc.
Market screening
Entity has to develop its business in High street location in UK. Hotel has to concentrate on
commercial areas where it can attract more visitors of travellers towards the hotel in Turkey.
It has to concentrate on geographical areas for establishing the band successfully in Turkey
Economic size and standard of living of people (Lundgren, 2017)
Turkey has stable economic condition and people have adequate income sources. They live
standard life. They spend adequate amount to live better life. There are many growth
opportunities for the hotels to grow well in this nation population have sufficient income
sources and they like to go to hotels and restaurants. It is the location where many visitors
come thus, enmity can grow well in this destination (Pałka, 2017)
Environmental factor, , Import restriction, legal frame, political stability
There are many factors that can impact on overall business unit operational efficiency. There
are political, social, legal, environmental factors etc. Political condition of Turkey is stable
and there is no legal restriction for the company those which wants to enter in this market.
Social and cultural factors
Turkey is the location where society likes to spend money on luxurious products and
services. They always prefer to go in hotels where they can get luxurious services. Night life
of Turkey is very famous, hotels provides hard drink facility and entertainment facilities s to
the consumers that attract them towards the brand (Lundgren, 2017)
Segment of the markets
4
gain.
focus on the adoption of social media
marketing and other technological aspects.
Environmental
Hotel companies need to perform their
activities in an eco-friendly manner.
Legal
In Spain, hospitality firms need to follow
health and safety as well as protective
equipment Act, taxation rules etc.
Market screening
Entity has to develop its business in High street location in UK. Hotel has to concentrate on
commercial areas where it can attract more visitors of travellers towards the hotel in Turkey.
It has to concentrate on geographical areas for establishing the band successfully in Turkey
Economic size and standard of living of people (Lundgren, 2017)
Turkey has stable economic condition and people have adequate income sources. They live
standard life. They spend adequate amount to live better life. There are many growth
opportunities for the hotels to grow well in this nation population have sufficient income
sources and they like to go to hotels and restaurants. It is the location where many visitors
come thus, enmity can grow well in this destination (Pałka, 2017)
Environmental factor, , Import restriction, legal frame, political stability
There are many factors that can impact on overall business unit operational efficiency. There
are political, social, legal, environmental factors etc. Political condition of Turkey is stable
and there is no legal restriction for the company those which wants to enter in this market.
Social and cultural factors
Turkey is the location where society likes to spend money on luxurious products and
services. They always prefer to go in hotels where they can get luxurious services. Night life
of Turkey is very famous, hotels provides hard drink facility and entertainment facilities s to
the consumers that attract them towards the brand (Lundgren, 2017)
Segment of the markets
4
Hospitality industry takes support of geographical segmentation method because it helps
them in offering services as per the geographical location so that consumers can get
satisfactory services (Pałka, 2017)
Marketing system
Company can take support of social media promotional strategies in order to communicate
well with the consumers of Turkey. It can enhance communication with the people so that
their needs can be identified and company can offer them product and services accordingly.
There is high competition in this market because big size organizations are running their
business here successfully (Lundgren, 2017)
Objectives
The main objective of entity is to raise its profit in the new market by 15% till the end of 2019.
Purpose of the hotel is to enhance number of consumers of the firm by 25% till the end of 2019.
Strategy (Pałka, 2017)
Porters five force model
Threat of new entry: Threat of new entrants are determined by barriers to entry which include
economies of scale. The Hotel Industry on a global basis is characterized by high capital
costs and a high proportion of fixed costs to total costs. As the high capital is required for
entering into hospitality sector, there are less chances of entry of new firm in an industry.
(Carraher, 2018)
Threat to substitute product :Substitute products can be existing or potential products and
services which are able to perform the same function. As hospitality sector is very big, there are
many giants companies , These organisations have high potential to create as well as
substitute product in the market (Man, 2016)
Bargaining power of suppliers: There is a great demand for enhanced global information and
booking capabilities in the hospitality. The only supplier which might exercise power over
any company would be labour and experienced trained personnel, which is in great demand
in the Hotel Industry all over the world. So bargaining power of supplier is low.
Bargaining power of buyer: The bargaining power of buyer in hospitality sector in Europe is
generally high. (Carraher, 2018)
Ansoff matrix
Product development
5
them in offering services as per the geographical location so that consumers can get
satisfactory services (Pałka, 2017)
Marketing system
Company can take support of social media promotional strategies in order to communicate
well with the consumers of Turkey. It can enhance communication with the people so that
their needs can be identified and company can offer them product and services accordingly.
There is high competition in this market because big size organizations are running their
business here successfully (Lundgren, 2017)
Objectives
The main objective of entity is to raise its profit in the new market by 15% till the end of 2019.
Purpose of the hotel is to enhance number of consumers of the firm by 25% till the end of 2019.
Strategy (Pałka, 2017)
Porters five force model
Threat of new entry: Threat of new entrants are determined by barriers to entry which include
economies of scale. The Hotel Industry on a global basis is characterized by high capital
costs and a high proportion of fixed costs to total costs. As the high capital is required for
entering into hospitality sector, there are less chances of entry of new firm in an industry.
(Carraher, 2018)
Threat to substitute product :Substitute products can be existing or potential products and
services which are able to perform the same function. As hospitality sector is very big, there are
many giants companies , These organisations have high potential to create as well as
substitute product in the market (Man, 2016)
Bargaining power of suppliers: There is a great demand for enhanced global information and
booking capabilities in the hospitality. The only supplier which might exercise power over
any company would be labour and experienced trained personnel, which is in great demand
in the Hotel Industry all over the world. So bargaining power of supplier is low.
Bargaining power of buyer: The bargaining power of buyer in hospitality sector in Europe is
generally high. (Carraher, 2018)
Ansoff matrix
Product development
5
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Hotel has to develop its products in the new location so that it can gain attention of the
consumers.
Market development
Market development is the best strategy for the company because this will help in raising its
profit.
Market penetration
This would not be appropriate strategy for business.
Differentiation (Gurcaylilar-Yenidogan and Aksoy,2018)
This would not be adequate strategy for the business
Tactics
Company has to take support of social media sites in order to make effective communication
with the Turkey population so that it can offer them goods and services as per the
requirement of consumers.
Action
It has to closely monitor the activities so that it can get positive results
Control
It order to control over operational activities company has to closely monitor all activities
(Gurcaylilar-Yenidogan and Aksoy,2018)
The hospitality industry is very big and consists of broad category of fields. It is basically
recognised as the service sector. Hospitality sector includes restaurants, themes parks, lodging
transportation, etc. This industry is the part of tourism sector. Hospitality sector is nowadays
growing at a rapid rate. There is high scope of earning high revenue and profits. Hospitality
sector mainly depends on the availability of leisure time and disposable income (Lima, Robinson
and Edwards, 2014). The different segments in hospitality sector like hotel, restaurant and
amusement park are comprised of various business operations such as marketing, facility
maintenance, management, human resources, etc. Hospitality industry in Europe has grown
approx. 3.4 percent in 2010. This sector in Europe contributes to 85 percent of tourism in Europe
(Lafley and Martin, 2013). Hospitality industry is contributing a lot towards economic growth as
well as generation of employment in nation. The hospitality industry in Europe covers a wide
market share.
6
consumers.
Market development
Market development is the best strategy for the company because this will help in raising its
profit.
Market penetration
This would not be appropriate strategy for business.
Differentiation (Gurcaylilar-Yenidogan and Aksoy,2018)
This would not be adequate strategy for the business
Tactics
Company has to take support of social media sites in order to make effective communication
with the Turkey population so that it can offer them goods and services as per the
requirement of consumers.
Action
It has to closely monitor the activities so that it can get positive results
Control
It order to control over operational activities company has to closely monitor all activities
(Gurcaylilar-Yenidogan and Aksoy,2018)
The hospitality industry is very big and consists of broad category of fields. It is basically
recognised as the service sector. Hospitality sector includes restaurants, themes parks, lodging
transportation, etc. This industry is the part of tourism sector. Hospitality sector is nowadays
growing at a rapid rate. There is high scope of earning high revenue and profits. Hospitality
sector mainly depends on the availability of leisure time and disposable income (Lima, Robinson
and Edwards, 2014). The different segments in hospitality sector like hotel, restaurant and
amusement park are comprised of various business operations such as marketing, facility
maintenance, management, human resources, etc. Hospitality industry in Europe has grown
approx. 3.4 percent in 2010. This sector in Europe contributes to 85 percent of tourism in Europe
(Lafley and Martin, 2013). Hospitality industry is contributing a lot towards economic growth as
well as generation of employment in nation. The hospitality industry in Europe covers a wide
market share.
6
Hospitality industry covers a number of companies which offer various facilities as well
as services such as transportation, food and accommodation to customers. There are different
segments in hospitality industry like lodging, recreational, entertainment, travel as well as
tourism, food and beverage (Carraher, 2018)
Lodging/Accommodation: It is considered to be a broad sector in hospitality industry.
Housing to food facilities is provided to guests. In addition to this, companies in hospitality
sector also provides housing or accommodation facilities such as villas, resorts, hotel, lodge, etc.
according to the budget of customer. Hotel also provides luxury suites in order to make
customers feel safe as well as comfortable. In hospitality sector, hotels provide indispensable
accommodation services to tourists. Business entity in order to expand business in this sector is
required to concentrate on improving lodging experience for people who travel around the world.
(Lundgren, 2017)
As concentration on customer needs strategy will assist etc. venue company in gaining the
competitive advantage in market as well improving brand image in domestic as well as
international market (Ruming and Davies, 2014). It is very important to fulfil customer
expectation in terms of continuous expansion or growth of business. It has been analysed from
report of travel professionals that geographical location as well as situation of Mediterranean
region has significantly contributed to increase in demand for hotels. The greater demand has
been analysed in Europe as compared to Spain and Turkey.
In Europe, it is expected that there will be approx. 50 percent growth of resorts in the
future. In the present scenario, hotel industry in Europe is facing a transformation procedure for
adapting new products, distribution trends and services.
Recreational: The hospitality industry in Europe also provides recreational services to
tourists in order to provide them with memorable experience. It is considered to be a diverse
business. Companies operating entertainment business conducts the recreational activities for
tourists visiting at specific destinations (Carraher, 2018)
Resources as well as availability of funds are the two factors which enable travel and
tourism enterprises to provide such services to customers. Economic condition of Europe is good
as compared to Turkey and Spain. People in Europe are well educated and they have
understanding about the importance of tourism. Therefore, domestic people support tourism or
hospitality business. This assistance is very much crucial in order to expand the business. In
7
as services such as transportation, food and accommodation to customers. There are different
segments in hospitality industry like lodging, recreational, entertainment, travel as well as
tourism, food and beverage (Carraher, 2018)
Lodging/Accommodation: It is considered to be a broad sector in hospitality industry.
Housing to food facilities is provided to guests. In addition to this, companies in hospitality
sector also provides housing or accommodation facilities such as villas, resorts, hotel, lodge, etc.
according to the budget of customer. Hotel also provides luxury suites in order to make
customers feel safe as well as comfortable. In hospitality sector, hotels provide indispensable
accommodation services to tourists. Business entity in order to expand business in this sector is
required to concentrate on improving lodging experience for people who travel around the world.
(Lundgren, 2017)
As concentration on customer needs strategy will assist etc. venue company in gaining the
competitive advantage in market as well improving brand image in domestic as well as
international market (Ruming and Davies, 2014). It is very important to fulfil customer
expectation in terms of continuous expansion or growth of business. It has been analysed from
report of travel professionals that geographical location as well as situation of Mediterranean
region has significantly contributed to increase in demand for hotels. The greater demand has
been analysed in Europe as compared to Spain and Turkey.
In Europe, it is expected that there will be approx. 50 percent growth of resorts in the
future. In the present scenario, hotel industry in Europe is facing a transformation procedure for
adapting new products, distribution trends and services.
Recreational: The hospitality industry in Europe also provides recreational services to
tourists in order to provide them with memorable experience. It is considered to be a diverse
business. Companies operating entertainment business conducts the recreational activities for
tourists visiting at specific destinations (Carraher, 2018)
Resources as well as availability of funds are the two factors which enable travel and
tourism enterprises to provide such services to customers. Economic condition of Europe is good
as compared to Turkey and Spain. People in Europe are well educated and they have
understanding about the importance of tourism. Therefore, domestic people support tourism or
hospitality business. This assistance is very much crucial in order to expand the business. In
7
Europe, resources are easily available which can be used by company’s operating entertainment
business for conducting recreational activities for tourists (Lundgren, 2017)
Travel and Tourism: It is considered to be another important segment of hospitality
sector. It is a big sector of the hospitality industry which provides services domestically as well
as internationally. Travel and Tourism sector by providing the transportation facilities allows
tourists to travel from destination to other. Travel and tourism sector contributes a lot towards
growth of hospitality sector. In other words, it can be stated that without profound levels of
travelling and tourism in an area, hospitality business would not be able to grow. Travel and
tourism sector is considered to the backbone of hospitality industry (Schuckert, Liu and Law,
2015). This segment requires appropriate strategies, innovation, etc. Travel and Tourism is a
broad segment; it is not only limited to travelling for the purpose of business or leisure.
Travelling in hospitality industry can be formal and informal.
Companies operating in travel and tourism sector need to concentrate on customer
demands, relationship management and also on integrated marketing skills which are very much
important in order to expand business globally (Carraher, 2018)
Europe has good transportation facilities as compared to Spain and Turkey. In Europe,
there has been great development in transportation in the last few decades. Leading travel and
leisure enterprise in Europe has high market value which is approximately 16.44 billion US
Dollars.
In Spain, travel and tourism segment is a fragmented sector where global brands coexist
with national brands of worldwide presence as well as localized and private label operators
whose distribution is mainly controlled by tour operators (Schuckert, Liu and Law, 2015)
8
business for conducting recreational activities for tourists (Lundgren, 2017)
Travel and Tourism: It is considered to be another important segment of hospitality
sector. It is a big sector of the hospitality industry which provides services domestically as well
as internationally. Travel and Tourism sector by providing the transportation facilities allows
tourists to travel from destination to other. Travel and tourism sector contributes a lot towards
growth of hospitality sector. In other words, it can be stated that without profound levels of
travelling and tourism in an area, hospitality business would not be able to grow. Travel and
tourism sector is considered to the backbone of hospitality industry (Schuckert, Liu and Law,
2015). This segment requires appropriate strategies, innovation, etc. Travel and Tourism is a
broad segment; it is not only limited to travelling for the purpose of business or leisure.
Travelling in hospitality industry can be formal and informal.
Companies operating in travel and tourism sector need to concentrate on customer
demands, relationship management and also on integrated marketing skills which are very much
important in order to expand business globally (Carraher, 2018)
Europe has good transportation facilities as compared to Spain and Turkey. In Europe,
there has been great development in transportation in the last few decades. Leading travel and
leisure enterprise in Europe has high market value which is approximately 16.44 billion US
Dollars.
In Spain, travel and tourism segment is a fragmented sector where global brands coexist
with national brands of worldwide presence as well as localized and private label operators
whose distribution is mainly controlled by tour operators (Schuckert, Liu and Law, 2015)
8
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Food and beverage: It is also recognised as the food service industry. The function of
this sector is to provide food as well as beverage services to customers. Food and beverage
segment in hospitality sector is considered to be the largest sector of hospitality industry. A
business in this industry can range from casual to fancy, large to small and expensive to
inexpensive (Llach, Martí and Rocafort, 2016). Food and beverage segment is considered to be
the crucial among different sectors within hospitality industry.
This specific segment is further categorized into niches which are:
Quick service establishments – These are recognised as the commercial food service restaurants,
fulfil demands of customers who want to have quick meal, drink, snacks, etc.
Catering business – Companies in this segment offer food and beverage catering services for any
special occasion such as for wedding, conferences, birthdays, etc. (Gurcaylilar-Yenidogan and
Aksoy, 2018)
Full service restaurants – These are simple restaurants which provide complete services to
customers.
9
Illustration 1: Leading travel and leisure companies in Europe,
2015
(Source: Travel and Hospitality Industry Outlook, 2018)
this sector is to provide food as well as beverage services to customers. Food and beverage
segment in hospitality sector is considered to be the largest sector of hospitality industry. A
business in this industry can range from casual to fancy, large to small and expensive to
inexpensive (Llach, Martí and Rocafort, 2016). Food and beverage segment is considered to be
the crucial among different sectors within hospitality industry.
This specific segment is further categorized into niches which are:
Quick service establishments – These are recognised as the commercial food service restaurants,
fulfil demands of customers who want to have quick meal, drink, snacks, etc.
Catering business – Companies in this segment offer food and beverage catering services for any
special occasion such as for wedding, conferences, birthdays, etc. (Gurcaylilar-Yenidogan and
Aksoy, 2018)
Full service restaurants – These are simple restaurants which provide complete services to
customers.
9
Illustration 1: Leading travel and leisure companies in Europe,
2015
(Source: Travel and Hospitality Industry Outlook, 2018)
LO 2
Opportunities for Internalisation
ETC. company has big opportunity to expand business operations in Europe. This nation
has been suggested expanding business as it is considered to be as capitals of finance , trade,
culture as well as tourism among Spain and Turkey.
Russia were significant influences. ETC. Company can get various other benefits as well
as can captures various other opportunity by expanding business in Europe. Company can foster
growth by expanding business in Europe. A slower pace of growth in hospitality sector is
predicted in Turkey and Spain, due to poor economic condition (Heizer, 2016). The Europe is
the country which has been suggested to ETC. organisation for expanding business, as in Europe
10
Illustration 2: Direct contribution of travel and tourism to GDP in Europe
(Source: Travel and tourism in Europe, 2018)
Opportunities for Internalisation
ETC. company has big opportunity to expand business operations in Europe. This nation
has been suggested expanding business as it is considered to be as capitals of finance , trade,
culture as well as tourism among Spain and Turkey.
Russia were significant influences. ETC. Company can get various other benefits as well
as can captures various other opportunity by expanding business in Europe. Company can foster
growth by expanding business in Europe. A slower pace of growth in hospitality sector is
predicted in Turkey and Spain, due to poor economic condition (Heizer, 2016). The Europe is
the country which has been suggested to ETC. organisation for expanding business, as in Europe
10
Illustration 2: Direct contribution of travel and tourism to GDP in Europe
(Source: Travel and tourism in Europe, 2018)
there is high chances of development in hospitality sector. Addition to this Europe is developing
as well as emerging markets are expected to account for 60% of world GDP in coming year.
ETC, Venue company can gain various benefits from EU external policies.
Market penetration, product as well as market development are few strategies which can
be adopted by ETC. Venue Company for expanding business in international market. Market
development as well as penetration strategy will help business entity in increasing sales as well
as profitability. In addition to this an enterprise can easily enter intro European or other
international market by adopting low cost pricing strategy or by launching new products.
12 C country analysis Model:
Country : Favourable economic condition in the nation has encouraged people to travel for
leisure .In Europe, ETC. venue has to face less challenges as well as issues as compared to Spain
and Turkey, as Europe have liberal laws as well as policies (Carraher, 2018)
Choices: in Europe there is high chances of development in hospitality sector. Company has to
face less competition as compared to Spain and Turkey (Lundgren, 2017)
Concentration: The hospitality sector In Europe comprises of 45 percent of market share as
compared to Spain and turkey. ETC. company by expanding business in Europe can target
middle income group people (Man, 2016)
Culture: customers in Europe are more interested in burying products or services from company
which conducts ethical practices.
Consumption: In year 2017, there has been approximately 671 million international tourist has
visited Europe. Which has lead to the increase in demand for tourism as well as hospitality
sector. Favourable economic condition in the nation has encouraged people to travel for leisure
(Gurran, and Bramley, 2017).
Capacity to pay: Due to good economic condition in the country, an organisation can easily by
developing the innovative products or by offering the additional facilities can influence people.
Currency: There are less fluctuations in currency. European currency can be easily convertible
in currencies of other country.
Channel; Distribution cost in Europe is low as compared to turkey and Spain.
Commitment: There is less tariff and non tariff barriers due to which ETC. organisation can
easily import as well as goods from other countries (Gurcaylilar-Yenidogan and Aksoy, 2018)
11
as well as emerging markets are expected to account for 60% of world GDP in coming year.
ETC, Venue company can gain various benefits from EU external policies.
Market penetration, product as well as market development are few strategies which can
be adopted by ETC. Venue Company for expanding business in international market. Market
development as well as penetration strategy will help business entity in increasing sales as well
as profitability. In addition to this an enterprise can easily enter intro European or other
international market by adopting low cost pricing strategy or by launching new products.
12 C country analysis Model:
Country : Favourable economic condition in the nation has encouraged people to travel for
leisure .In Europe, ETC. venue has to face less challenges as well as issues as compared to Spain
and Turkey, as Europe have liberal laws as well as policies (Carraher, 2018)
Choices: in Europe there is high chances of development in hospitality sector. Company has to
face less competition as compared to Spain and Turkey (Lundgren, 2017)
Concentration: The hospitality sector In Europe comprises of 45 percent of market share as
compared to Spain and turkey. ETC. company by expanding business in Europe can target
middle income group people (Man, 2016)
Culture: customers in Europe are more interested in burying products or services from company
which conducts ethical practices.
Consumption: In year 2017, there has been approximately 671 million international tourist has
visited Europe. Which has lead to the increase in demand for tourism as well as hospitality
sector. Favourable economic condition in the nation has encouraged people to travel for leisure
(Gurran, and Bramley, 2017).
Capacity to pay: Due to good economic condition in the country, an organisation can easily by
developing the innovative products or by offering the additional facilities can influence people.
Currency: There are less fluctuations in currency. European currency can be easily convertible
in currencies of other country.
Channel; Distribution cost in Europe is low as compared to turkey and Spain.
Commitment: There is less tariff and non tariff barriers due to which ETC. organisation can
easily import as well as goods from other countries (Gurcaylilar-Yenidogan and Aksoy, 2018)
11
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Communication: There are various marketing channels through which business entity can
promote goods or services.
Caveats: Special precautions to be taken by companies while making plan for launching
product into market due to change in culture (Pałka, 2017)
Contractual obligations: It is required by Etc. Company to develop the understanding about
laws of the country in which an organisation is planning to expand business. As this strategy will
help business entity in eliminating legal obligations. (Lundgren, 2017)
Management issues in Hospitality industry
Operating as well as managing business at international level is considered to be difficult
as well as a complex task. Companies operating business at international level have faced
various issues as well as difficulty in managing business due to change in environment as well as
regulations or norms. Some major issues faced by companies such as ETC. venue are: (Carraher,
2018)
Changing in labour condition: The biggest issue faced by Etc. venue is attracting as
well as retaining the highly talented as well as skilled workforce. It is considered to the global
challenge. Some factors which have given rise to such issues are low salaries or wages, high
level of dissatisfaction among employees, long working hours, etc. (Bruns-Smith, Choy and
Verma, 2015).
In Europe, slow population growth and increase in number of ageing workers have led to
the shortage of workers or labour in market. Another major issue faced by company is attracting
the talented employees (Bruns-Smith, Choy and Verma, 2015). This problem has occurred due to
change in people perception about working condition as well as environment in hospitality
industry.
Increase in operating costs: The management in ETC. organisation has major concern
related to increase in operating cost. This is considered to be the major issue as company has to
pay high amount of salaries or wages to attract highly skilled workers. In addition to this, change
in economic conditions such as inflation in prices of product has led to increase in operating cost
as well as resulted into decline in the profit margins. (Lundgren, 2017)
Increase in competition: This is considered to be as the major issues in Hospitality
sector. The resulting competition leads to the cutting down of prices by competitors which has
negative effect on the profitability of firm (Armstrong, Kotler and Brennan, 2015). The
12
promote goods or services.
Caveats: Special precautions to be taken by companies while making plan for launching
product into market due to change in culture (Pałka, 2017)
Contractual obligations: It is required by Etc. Company to develop the understanding about
laws of the country in which an organisation is planning to expand business. As this strategy will
help business entity in eliminating legal obligations. (Lundgren, 2017)
Management issues in Hospitality industry
Operating as well as managing business at international level is considered to be difficult
as well as a complex task. Companies operating business at international level have faced
various issues as well as difficulty in managing business due to change in environment as well as
regulations or norms. Some major issues faced by companies such as ETC. venue are: (Carraher,
2018)
Changing in labour condition: The biggest issue faced by Etc. venue is attracting as
well as retaining the highly talented as well as skilled workforce. It is considered to the global
challenge. Some factors which have given rise to such issues are low salaries or wages, high
level of dissatisfaction among employees, long working hours, etc. (Bruns-Smith, Choy and
Verma, 2015).
In Europe, slow population growth and increase in number of ageing workers have led to
the shortage of workers or labour in market. Another major issue faced by company is attracting
the talented employees (Bruns-Smith, Choy and Verma, 2015). This problem has occurred due to
change in people perception about working condition as well as environment in hospitality
industry.
Increase in operating costs: The management in ETC. organisation has major concern
related to increase in operating cost. This is considered to be the major issue as company has to
pay high amount of salaries or wages to attract highly skilled workers. In addition to this, change
in economic conditions such as inflation in prices of product has led to increase in operating cost
as well as resulted into decline in the profit margins. (Lundgren, 2017)
Increase in competition: This is considered to be as the major issues in Hospitality
sector. The resulting competition leads to the cutting down of prices by competitors which has
negative effect on the profitability of firm (Armstrong, Kotler and Brennan, 2015). The
12
competition in Europe has resulted in low occupancies and as a result, there has been tremendous
decline in the prices of products as well as services in hospitality industry. Increase in intense as
well as stiff competition has encouraged business entity to facilitate innovation.
Adaption to new technologies: Nowadays, customer in the market are tech savvy, they
want that their query should be resolved as soon as possible. Many of the companies such as
ETC. Organisation is facing difficulty in adapting to new technologies.
Reputation management: As many of the organisation, such as ETC. Venue Company
is utilising social media sites for promoting goods, wrong comment by customer can have
negative effect on the reputation of firm. Business entity in facing difficulty in Keeping a track
of those reviews and responding to them. This issues have been faced by hospitality in Europe.
There is no such problem is faced by hospitality sector in Spain and Turkey, as these nations
have strict cyber security laws. (Gurcaylilar-Yenidogan and Aksoy, 2018)
Human resource development: Human resource development as well as working
condition are issue which effect the hospitality industry in all countries. It is considered to be as
major issue faced by human resource manager in hospitality sector is related to improving
working conditions. This problem has been faced by ETC. company, as Businesses tend to have
extra burden in context of high net labour cost which are required to be incurred by an
organisation for bringing improvement in working condition. The persistence and prominence of
current skills gaps propose a failure by the hotels and catering sector to tackle the related issues
of working conditions and staff development. In context of ETC. venue human resource
manager in an enterprise has planned to developed the effective reward system in order to
provide high level of satisfaction to workers. Among Spain and Turkey, Europe is the nation
which has developed employment strategy which intends to provide European citizen,
specifically disadvantaged, financially background as well as disable with job opportunities.
Financial assistance is provided by government from European Social Fund for training as well
as education with the purpose of closing skill gaps (Vogeler, Cichota and Beautrais, 2016).
Human resource development issue has direct as well as major effect on customer service as well
as quality of product or services delivered by an organisation to its clients.
Political as well as legal issues: These problems are considered to be as very critical, as
it might have negative effect ion sustainability of an enterprise. It is also a global issues. As each
and every country have own set of regulation as well as norms which are required to be followed
13
decline in the prices of products as well as services in hospitality industry. Increase in intense as
well as stiff competition has encouraged business entity to facilitate innovation.
Adaption to new technologies: Nowadays, customer in the market are tech savvy, they
want that their query should be resolved as soon as possible. Many of the companies such as
ETC. Organisation is facing difficulty in adapting to new technologies.
Reputation management: As many of the organisation, such as ETC. Venue Company
is utilising social media sites for promoting goods, wrong comment by customer can have
negative effect on the reputation of firm. Business entity in facing difficulty in Keeping a track
of those reviews and responding to them. This issues have been faced by hospitality in Europe.
There is no such problem is faced by hospitality sector in Spain and Turkey, as these nations
have strict cyber security laws. (Gurcaylilar-Yenidogan and Aksoy, 2018)
Human resource development: Human resource development as well as working
condition are issue which effect the hospitality industry in all countries. It is considered to be as
major issue faced by human resource manager in hospitality sector is related to improving
working conditions. This problem has been faced by ETC. company, as Businesses tend to have
extra burden in context of high net labour cost which are required to be incurred by an
organisation for bringing improvement in working condition. The persistence and prominence of
current skills gaps propose a failure by the hotels and catering sector to tackle the related issues
of working conditions and staff development. In context of ETC. venue human resource
manager in an enterprise has planned to developed the effective reward system in order to
provide high level of satisfaction to workers. Among Spain and Turkey, Europe is the nation
which has developed employment strategy which intends to provide European citizen,
specifically disadvantaged, financially background as well as disable with job opportunities.
Financial assistance is provided by government from European Social Fund for training as well
as education with the purpose of closing skill gaps (Vogeler, Cichota and Beautrais, 2016).
Human resource development issue has direct as well as major effect on customer service as well
as quality of product or services delivered by an organisation to its clients.
Political as well as legal issues: These problems are considered to be as very critical, as
it might have negative effect ion sustainability of an enterprise. It is also a global issues. As each
and every country have own set of regulation as well as norms which are required to be followed
13
by enterprise operating at specific destination . In context of hospitality sector, business entities'
operating in this industry. As compared to Turkey and Spain, in Europe catering as well as hotel
is subject to less regulation (Starr and Gupta, eds., 2017). But there are some norms related to
alcohol consumption, labelling, food and safety which has direct effect on business operations as
well as decisions of ETC. Venue Company (Man, 2016)
The main difficulty or challenge faced by organisation is to comply with legislation
which does not provide any benefit. Some norm such as employment law has direct as well as
significant effect on relationship between employer and employee.
The legal authority in EU, has been working to strengthen existing food-labelling rules.
Environmental management issue: It is considered to be as a crucial issue which might
give birth to other problem as well as can have adverse influence on quality of products (Han
and Lin, 2017). Environmental management issue also have adverse influence on business
performance as well as sustainability.
Human resource management and operations
The success as well as growth of companies is totally dependent on employees'
performance. Hospitality sector is considered to be as fastest growing industry in Europe. People
are clearly an important resource in context of an industry's effective operation. In Europe,
Tourism as well as hospitality sector is facing the multicultural issues in managing the human
resource at global level. The cultural diversity problems faced by ETC venue have direct as well
as significant impact on the customer services as well as quality management (Kroll, 2015). In
context of ETC. Venue company business entity is required to effectively manage human
resource, in order to deliver high quality as well as professional services to client.
Some business operations performed by enterprise operating in hospitality industry are
finance, marketing, product development, human resource as well as supply chain management
etc (Lundgren, 2017)
Corporate social responsibility and sustainability issues (Carraher, 2018)
Corporate social responsibility is recognised as new concept in hospitality industry. As
ETC. Company operating business in hospitality sector which is consumer or customer oriented.
It is very important for business entity to fulfil social corporate responsibility. An organisation is
required to take high initiative in order to reduce the negative impact of its business operation
on environment and health of people in the society. Responsible business practices is directly
14
operating in this industry. As compared to Turkey and Spain, in Europe catering as well as hotel
is subject to less regulation (Starr and Gupta, eds., 2017). But there are some norms related to
alcohol consumption, labelling, food and safety which has direct effect on business operations as
well as decisions of ETC. Venue Company (Man, 2016)
The main difficulty or challenge faced by organisation is to comply with legislation
which does not provide any benefit. Some norm such as employment law has direct as well as
significant effect on relationship between employer and employee.
The legal authority in EU, has been working to strengthen existing food-labelling rules.
Environmental management issue: It is considered to be as a crucial issue which might
give birth to other problem as well as can have adverse influence on quality of products (Han
and Lin, 2017). Environmental management issue also have adverse influence on business
performance as well as sustainability.
Human resource management and operations
The success as well as growth of companies is totally dependent on employees'
performance. Hospitality sector is considered to be as fastest growing industry in Europe. People
are clearly an important resource in context of an industry's effective operation. In Europe,
Tourism as well as hospitality sector is facing the multicultural issues in managing the human
resource at global level. The cultural diversity problems faced by ETC venue have direct as well
as significant impact on the customer services as well as quality management (Kroll, 2015). In
context of ETC. Venue company business entity is required to effectively manage human
resource, in order to deliver high quality as well as professional services to client.
Some business operations performed by enterprise operating in hospitality industry are
finance, marketing, product development, human resource as well as supply chain management
etc (Lundgren, 2017)
Corporate social responsibility and sustainability issues (Carraher, 2018)
Corporate social responsibility is recognised as new concept in hospitality industry. As
ETC. Company operating business in hospitality sector which is consumer or customer oriented.
It is very important for business entity to fulfil social corporate responsibility. An organisation is
required to take high initiative in order to reduce the negative impact of its business operation
on environment and health of people in the society. Responsible business practices is directly
14
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associated to the sustainability. An organisation in order to increase its sustainability is required
to execute fair trade practices, as this will assist an enterprise in maintaining good position in
market. It will also assist business entity in gaining competitive advantage and help firm in
enhancing reputation. Sustainable development as well ensuring ethical business practices is very
much crucial in all industries. Hospitality sector have the potential to both contribute to a
degradation of natural and cultural assets as well as to an unequal distribution of benefits and
wealth. In context of Europe as a destination, there has been increase in number of tourist arrival
in last few decades. As compared to Spin and Turkey, there has been tremendous growth in
tourist industry in Europe (Leading travel and leisure companies in Europe, 2015). Especially,
these hospitality industries have been expanding in the most of European countries and an
industry has experienced the highest growth rate in context of revenue as well as high profits.
Many of organisation operating business in hospitality sector such as ETC. venue firm, are
complying with international standards, which has assisted business entity in gaining customer
loyalty. As per the definition provided by European commission, corporate social responsibility
is defined as a concept in which business entities integrate social as well as environmental
concerns in their business operations and communicate with stakeholders on a voluntary basis. In
Europe, the international code of Ethics for tourism provides a framework for responsible and
sustainable development of tourism.
Due to various complexities or difficulty has been faced by an enterprise operating in
hospitality sector, business entity has planned to utilise value chain for responding to Corporate
Responsibility challenges. By fulfilling the corporate social responsibility an enterprise can
achieve leading position in an industry or market. (Gurcaylilar-Yenidogan and Aksoy, 2018)
15
to execute fair trade practices, as this will assist an enterprise in maintaining good position in
market. It will also assist business entity in gaining competitive advantage and help firm in
enhancing reputation. Sustainable development as well ensuring ethical business practices is very
much crucial in all industries. Hospitality sector have the potential to both contribute to a
degradation of natural and cultural assets as well as to an unequal distribution of benefits and
wealth. In context of Europe as a destination, there has been increase in number of tourist arrival
in last few decades. As compared to Spin and Turkey, there has been tremendous growth in
tourist industry in Europe (Leading travel and leisure companies in Europe, 2015). Especially,
these hospitality industries have been expanding in the most of European countries and an
industry has experienced the highest growth rate in context of revenue as well as high profits.
Many of organisation operating business in hospitality sector such as ETC. venue firm, are
complying with international standards, which has assisted business entity in gaining customer
loyalty. As per the definition provided by European commission, corporate social responsibility
is defined as a concept in which business entities integrate social as well as environmental
concerns in their business operations and communicate with stakeholders on a voluntary basis. In
Europe, the international code of Ethics for tourism provides a framework for responsible and
sustainable development of tourism.
Due to various complexities or difficulty has been faced by an enterprise operating in
hospitality sector, business entity has planned to utilise value chain for responding to Corporate
Responsibility challenges. By fulfilling the corporate social responsibility an enterprise can
achieve leading position in an industry or market. (Gurcaylilar-Yenidogan and Aksoy, 2018)
15
Some issue faced by companies operating in hospitality industry are:
Environmental issue: Change in Weather condition have direct as well as significant effect on
routine activities, business decisions. Business entities such as ETC. venue is facing problem in
developing the strategy to reduce environmental impacts of new developments in terms site
location.
In addition to the above issue, maintaining fair working conditions for employees as well
as Environmental protection are few strategic issues faced by ETC. organisation.
Future trends as well as development within hospitality market
Holiday ownership is considered to be as latest trend in Hospitality sector. There are
various additional facilities as well as services are provided by the companies operating business
in hospitality sector. Almost all major lodging companies now have properties in each segment
16
Illustration 3: Corporate social responsibility among 14 leading European organisation
(Source: Hospitality Directions Europe Edition, 2006)
Environmental issue: Change in Weather condition have direct as well as significant effect on
routine activities, business decisions. Business entities such as ETC. venue is facing problem in
developing the strategy to reduce environmental impacts of new developments in terms site
location.
In addition to the above issue, maintaining fair working conditions for employees as well
as Environmental protection are few strategic issues faced by ETC. organisation.
Future trends as well as development within hospitality market
Holiday ownership is considered to be as latest trend in Hospitality sector. There are
various additional facilities as well as services are provided by the companies operating business
in hospitality sector. Almost all major lodging companies now have properties in each segment
16
Illustration 3: Corporate social responsibility among 14 leading European organisation
(Source: Hospitality Directions Europe Edition, 2006)
of the market. Lodging segment in hospitality industry is expected to grow in the future as well.
There is large amount investment is required for bringing improvement in hospitality sector. This
specific industry is at the stage of expanding business at international level. In context of Etc.
organisation, business entity is required to consider the implications of the global context in
which they operate. (Carraher, 2018)
It is very much important for an enterprise to develop appropriate strategy in order to deal with
the issues which might have to be face by firm due to change in business environment. There
will also increase in the competition as well in the future. Many of the companies operating
business in hospitality sector will gain various benefits (Man, 2016)
In addition to this, there is continuous rise in food prices in Europe, which has helped
ETC venue company in increasing profit margin. An organisation is facing increasing pressure of
costs. It is expected that there will be rise in wage rate in the future. Increasingly price conscious
customers, hospitality operators will be forced to find ways in order to reduce costs. In addition
to this advancement in technology will assist business entities increasing working efficiency as
well as will aid an enterprise in reducing operating cost (Tourism Review News, 2018).
Technological advancement will bring new opportunities which will help hospitality sector in
fostering growth. Technology will assist hospitality brands in developing more personalised
connections with customers (Lundgren, 2017)
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the study there is various growth options available for
expanding business in context of Hospitality sector. Report has also concluded that hospitality
industry is very big and consists of many segments. Project has successfully highlighted the
various global issues faced by hospitality industry. It has been concluded that increase in labour
cost as well as competition is the major problems faced by companies operating business in
Hospitality industry. It has been also concluded from the project that corporate social
responsibility assist business entity in increasing sustainability in the market. Study has also
concluded that success as well as growth of firm is largely dependent on employees'
performance. It has also been concluded that there is high chances of growth in hospitality
sector in the future (Pałka, 2017)
There are few strategies has been suggested which can be adopted by ETC Venture when
expanding business internationally.
17
There is large amount investment is required for bringing improvement in hospitality sector. This
specific industry is at the stage of expanding business at international level. In context of Etc.
organisation, business entity is required to consider the implications of the global context in
which they operate. (Carraher, 2018)
It is very much important for an enterprise to develop appropriate strategy in order to deal with
the issues which might have to be face by firm due to change in business environment. There
will also increase in the competition as well in the future. Many of the companies operating
business in hospitality sector will gain various benefits (Man, 2016)
In addition to this, there is continuous rise in food prices in Europe, which has helped
ETC venue company in increasing profit margin. An organisation is facing increasing pressure of
costs. It is expected that there will be rise in wage rate in the future. Increasingly price conscious
customers, hospitality operators will be forced to find ways in order to reduce costs. In addition
to this advancement in technology will assist business entities increasing working efficiency as
well as will aid an enterprise in reducing operating cost (Tourism Review News, 2018).
Technological advancement will bring new opportunities which will help hospitality sector in
fostering growth. Technology will assist hospitality brands in developing more personalised
connections with customers (Lundgren, 2017)
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the study there is various growth options available for
expanding business in context of Hospitality sector. Report has also concluded that hospitality
industry is very big and consists of many segments. Project has successfully highlighted the
various global issues faced by hospitality industry. It has been concluded that increase in labour
cost as well as competition is the major problems faced by companies operating business in
Hospitality industry. It has been also concluded from the project that corporate social
responsibility assist business entity in increasing sustainability in the market. Study has also
concluded that success as well as growth of firm is largely dependent on employees'
performance. It has also been concluded that there is high chances of growth in hospitality
sector in the future (Pałka, 2017)
There are few strategies has been suggested which can be adopted by ETC Venture when
expanding business internationally.
17
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015. Marketing: an introduction.
Pearson Education.
Bruns-Smith, A., Choy, V. and Verma Ph D, R., 2015. Environmental sustainability in the
hospitality industry: Best practices, guest participation, and customer satisfaction.
Carraher, S. M., 2018. An examination of an instrument to measure Porter’s Five Forces Model.
In International Journal of Arts & Sciences Conference at Harvard University.
Gurcaylilar-Yenidogan, T. and Aksoy, S., 2018. Applying Ansoff’S Growth Strategy Matrix To
Innovation Classification. International Journal of Innovation Management. 22(04).
pp.1850039.
Gurran, N. and Bramley, G., 2017. Conclusion: Reuniting Planning and Housing Policy. In
Urban Planning and the Housing Market (pp. 363-385). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Han, H. and Lin, L., 2017. Predicting Growth of City's Built-up Land Based on Scenario
Planning. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable
Development. 5(2). pp.80-92.
Heizer, J., 2016. Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India.
Kroll, A., 2015. Exploring the link between performance information use and organizational
performance: a contingency approach. Public Performance & Management Review.
39(1).
Lafley, A. and Martin, R., 2013. Playing to Win: How Strategy Really Works. Harvard Business
Press.
Lima, R., Robinson, J. and Edwards, M., 2014. ‘Planning for Growth: The role of Tottenham’s
industrial and employment land in accommodating London’s expansion’. Project
for URBNG007: Community Participation in City Strategies (28 April 2014), MSc
Urban Development Planning, UCL.
Llach, J., Martí, J. and Rocafort, A., 2016. Effects of quality management on hospitality
performance in different contexts. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(5),
pp.1005-1023.
Lundgren, G., 2017. Essays on Job Market Screening, In-group Bias and School Competition.
Stockholm School of Economics.
18
Books and Journals:
Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015. Marketing: an introduction.
Pearson Education.
Bruns-Smith, A., Choy, V. and Verma Ph D, R., 2015. Environmental sustainability in the
hospitality industry: Best practices, guest participation, and customer satisfaction.
Carraher, S. M., 2018. An examination of an instrument to measure Porter’s Five Forces Model.
In International Journal of Arts & Sciences Conference at Harvard University.
Gurcaylilar-Yenidogan, T. and Aksoy, S., 2018. Applying Ansoff’S Growth Strategy Matrix To
Innovation Classification. International Journal of Innovation Management. 22(04).
pp.1850039.
Gurran, N. and Bramley, G., 2017. Conclusion: Reuniting Planning and Housing Policy. In
Urban Planning and the Housing Market (pp. 363-385). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Han, H. and Lin, L., 2017. Predicting Growth of City's Built-up Land Based on Scenario
Planning. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable
Development. 5(2). pp.80-92.
Heizer, J., 2016. Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India.
Kroll, A., 2015. Exploring the link between performance information use and organizational
performance: a contingency approach. Public Performance & Management Review.
39(1).
Lafley, A. and Martin, R., 2013. Playing to Win: How Strategy Really Works. Harvard Business
Press.
Lima, R., Robinson, J. and Edwards, M., 2014. ‘Planning for Growth: The role of Tottenham’s
industrial and employment land in accommodating London’s expansion’. Project
for URBNG007: Community Participation in City Strategies (28 April 2014), MSc
Urban Development Planning, UCL.
Llach, J., Martí, J. and Rocafort, A., 2016. Effects of quality management on hospitality
performance in different contexts. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(5),
pp.1005-1023.
Lundgren, G., 2017. Essays on Job Market Screening, In-group Bias and School Competition.
Stockholm School of Economics.
18
Man, M. M. K., 2016. Supply Chain Management (SCM), Environmental Factors and Porter
Five Forces: A Case Study of Malaysia Airlines Berhad (MAB). International Journal of
Supply Chain Management. 5(3). pp.32-39.
Pałka, P., 2017. Derivatives of the nodal prices in market power screening. Energy Economics.
64. pp.149-157.
pp.7-32.
Ruming, K. J. and Davies, P. J., 2014. To what extent ‘an entirely new approach to how planning
is done’? Tracing planning system reform in New South Wales. Australian
Planner. 51(2). pp.122-131.
Schuckert, M., Liu, X. and Law, R., 2015. Hospitality and tourism online reviews: Recent trends
and future directions. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 32(5), pp.608-621.
Starr, M.K. and Gupta, S.K. eds., 2017. The Routledge Companion to Production and
Operations Management. Taylor & Francis.
Vogeler, I., Cichota, R. and Beautrais, J., 2016. Linking Land Use Capability classes and APSIM
to estimate pasture growth for regional land use planning. Soil Research. 54(1).
pp.94- 110.
ONLINE
Leading travel and leisure companies in Europe. 2015. [Online] Available through: <
https://www.statista.com/statistics/315310/leading-travel-and-leisure-companies-by-
market-value-europe/>.
Tourism Review News, 2018. [Online] Available through:
<https://www.tourism-review.com/hotel-industry-trends-include-specialization-
news10351>.
19
Five Forces: A Case Study of Malaysia Airlines Berhad (MAB). International Journal of
Supply Chain Management. 5(3). pp.32-39.
Pałka, P., 2017. Derivatives of the nodal prices in market power screening. Energy Economics.
64. pp.149-157.
pp.7-32.
Ruming, K. J. and Davies, P. J., 2014. To what extent ‘an entirely new approach to how planning
is done’? Tracing planning system reform in New South Wales. Australian
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