Understanding Small Business and Entrepreneurship

This assignment delves into the world of small business and entrepreneurship, exploring key concepts, theories, and models related to the topic. It draws on a range of sources, including academic journals and books, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject. The document also touches on the importance of learning styles and the learning curve in educational settings.

Human Resource
Development

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Comparison between several learning styles........................................................................1
1.2 Concept of learning curve and significance of learning transfer at workplace.....................3
1.3 Importance of learning styles and theories while planning or designing sessions................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Comparison between requirement of training for staff at various levels in an enterprise....6
2.2 Benefits and drawbacks of training.......................................................................................7
2.3 Systematic approach for planning training event..................................................................9
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
3.1 Evaluation form for understanding usefulness of training and feedback about the trainer.10
3.2 Assessment by analysing the responses towards evaluation form......................................10
3.3 Reviewing how successful evaluation form........................................................................11
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
4.1 Role of government related with training, development and lifelong learning..................12
4.2 Development of competency movement and its impact on public and private sector........12
4.3 Contemporary training initiatives by government for contributed to personnel
management..............................................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Human resource development is a term which means enhancement of employee’s
learning, skills and knowledge with the help of different modes of development. In fact, it is
essential for the enterprise to pay full attention on the growth of their workers as most of the
activities are managed and regulated by them (Altman, 2010). Hilton hotel is an American
multinational hospitality organization which manages or franchises large number of portfolio of
hotels and resorts that was found by Conrad Hilton in around 1919. This assignment is going to
highlight HR policies of broad portfolio of Hilton hotel which includes almost 5000 properties
consist of nearly 8,25,000 rooms in around 103 nations or territories. Main objective of this
report is to show the significance of learning at workplace and various methods that will be
adopted by organization for enhancing personality of employees because they are responsible to
deal with clients. Along with this, they are also going to analyse the requirement of training and
development needs at different levels and its advantages or drawbacks for the staff members.
Later, role of governing bodies towards implementation of training programmes is also outlined
in the project along with the benefits of competency movement for overall corporate world.
TASK 1
1.1 Comparison between several learning styles
Hilton is having a broad portfolio with almost 5000 plants in around 103 countries and
succeeded in attracting millions of clients because of their effective strategies (Sabato and
Wilson, 2010). According to entrepreneur of Hilton hotel, employees are key to success because
they are the final dealers. Therefore, their main focus is on development of their staff members
by implementing several number of plans or policies such as conducting training and
development sessions for personality development, using numerous of learning styles, etc.
However, there are number of scholars coming with different ideas for enhancing the knowledge
of employees at workplace. Thus, two effective learning styles which are used by managerial
team of Hilton hotel are described as follows:-
Kolb's learning style: - This theory is coined by David Kolb in the year 1984 which is a
well-known acquiring cycle which argues that an individual may gain knowledge by
experiencing different things (Battisti and Perry, 2011). In fact, this approach depends upon four
factors such as concrete experience, active experimentation as well as reflective and abstract
conceptualisation. According to this learning style, employees of hotel acquire numerous things
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by accomplishing various activities in order to gain knowledge from every field of an
organization for example; management of employees from HR department, accounting skills
from finance team, marketing learning from selling division. Hence, it has been understood that
“Job rotation” is a perfect example for this theory because by rotating job of an individual they
may able to experience various things.
Honey and Mumford learning style: - This theory is proposed by Peter honey and Alan
Mumford by get motivated with kolb's learning cycle. According to this approach, an individual
may gain knowledge by various learning styles that means a child is naturally an activist,
pragmatist, reflectors and theorist. In fact, as per this model, an individual may adopt any of tools
for improving their learning (Blackburn, Hart and Wainwright, 2013). Basically, every
techniques have their own way of acquiring knowledge which is explained as follows:- Activist: - According to this technique, an individual gains learning by performing his/her
job role in an enterprise for experiencing things. Theorist: - Learners who believe in this approach obtain knowledge by reading facts or
figures as well as involve in acquisition process.
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Illustration 1: The Kolb Learning Cycle
(Source: Parkes, 2015)

 Pragmatist: - Persons using this tool relates whatever they have executed with reality for
comparing.
 Reflector: - Employees improve their skills or learning by observing or watching relevant
things like continuously considering what is happening.
(Source: - Hamilton, 2010)
By concluding this, it has been analysed that both the theories are appropriate and useful
approach used by managerial team of Hilton hotel for encouraging their employees towards self-
improvement and knowledge gaining (Bridge and O'Neill, 2012).
1.2 Concept of learning curve and significance of learning transfer at workplace
Learning is very for the development of employees internally and externally by using
appropriate plans or strategies. Hilton is a famous group in hotel industry because of their
attractive themes and impressive interior with qualitative products for capturing the attention of
millions of visitors. Their main objective is to groom their employees with the use of effective
methods in order to perform own job role in an appropriate manner. Learning curve is a term
which shows the performance of employees by proper monitoring process and comparing it with
total output of an organization. Actually, main objective of this curve is to identify the rate of
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Illustration 2: Understanding learning styles

individual’s development in acquiring or experiencing new skills. Managers of Hilton hotel
needs to implement this policy for enhancing knowledge of their staff members by proper
monitoring process because it helps in determining their progress level (Carraher and Paridon,
2015). However, it is a concept that depicts relationship between cost and output in a graphical
form within given time period for representing repetitive task of subordinates. Therefore, it is an
appropriate mode which is adopted by number of companies for understanding the performance
of employees at workplace.
(Source:- Dewey, 2011)
“As per above graphical representation it has been analysed that performance of an
individuals shows with the help of this curve.”
Learning is indispensable for the development or growth of entire association because it
encourage entire staff members towards their personal and professional goals or objectives in a
defined time period (Gronum, Verreynne and Kastelle, 2012). In fact implementation of
acquisition programmes is very beneficial for employees as well as supervisors and off-course
overall corporations in various manner. Thus advantages of learning is described as follows:-
1. Benefits for employees:-
 Personality development of staff members helps them while seeking attention of
different clients.
 Improvement in their lifelong learning.
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Illustration 3: The Learning Curve

 Increase their confidence level.
 Boosting up their morale.
 Able to deal with different business problems or obstacles.
2. Supervisors:-
 Enhancement in their managerial skills.
 Learn how to manage a team.
 Ability to resolve conflicts or disputes between staff members.
 Maintain equality amongst employees.
3. Organization:-
 Maintain the environment of entire association.
 Improvement in employees and supervisors automatically attain the objectives of
an organization.
 Create a mutual understanding between higher authority and lower.
All these above points shows that learning is a mandatory for organization in every aspect
for attaining set objectives in a minimum time period.
1.3 Importance of learning styles and theories while planning or designing sessions
Hilton is a very large enterprise by having its branches in several countries with
maximum number of employees and in coming years firm is going to expand their business in
various other geographical area (Herbane, 2010). After establishing numerous of subsidiaries,
managers of organization needs to hired skilled or knowledgable employees for filling the vacant
position of enterprise. Then its time for conducting training sessions or programmes for
strengthening knowledge of newly appointed employees to motivate them towards their personal
and professional growth. Therefore, while designing or planning development sessions it is
essential for managers to use strategies which was coined by different scholars for
accomplishing all the activities in an appropriate manner. In fact consideration of various
learning styles and theories for example; Kolb's learning or Peter honey and Alan Mumford
theory is very much beneficial during planning process in different manner that are described
below:- Minimization of mistakes and errors:- One of the major advantages of using theories or
approaches are that it assist managers towards corrective path in order to attain their set
objectives by decreasing chances of errors.
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 Availability of number of tools:- Secondly, it also supports by showing numerous of
techniques for gaining knowledge for instance; reflectors, pragmatist, concrete
experimentation, abstract conceptualisation, theorist etc. Boosting morale of employees:- According to this it helps in motivating workers towards
their personal or occupational growth for enhancing their performance (Malhotra and
Temponi, 2010).
 Reducing business risk:- Theories and approaches aids in minimizing risk or challenges
faced by enterprise while designing training events for newly appointed employees.
Therefore it has been understood that theories and learning styles proposed by different
scholars plays a very vital role during planning growth and upliftment sessions for newly hired
employees as well as currently working staff members in efficient way.
TASK 2
2.1 Comparison between requirement of training for staff at various levels in an enterprise
Training and upliftment programmes plays a very efficient role in Hilton hotel because it
enhance the learning of employees for dealing with various difficult circumstances in an
effective manner. In fact it is a key to success as it encourage employees towards modernization
by raising their standard of living (McKenzie and et. al., 2012). Basically, training need is a gap
between current and future knowledge that an organisation may offer to their employees for
accomplishing their assigned job role with the help of effective methods. Hilton is trying to
identify need of training at every level of an organization by implementing proper evaluation
process. Therefore, analysis for understanding the necessity of training at different levels are
described as follows:- Organizational level:- In this department it is essential for determining gap between
workers potential with their actual performance for understanding the need of training.
Development sessions requires after getting aware about companies operational policies
and strategies. Thus it is essential to conduct SWOT assessment process for getting
updated about strength, weakness, opportunities and dangers of an organization.
However, organizational level requires training if they are failed in planning corrective
path for success of an enterprise.
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 Occupational:- According to this level, improvement programmes are determined that
are linked with attitudes, learnings and skills for performing specific job which is also
seen as a operation analysis. Therefore, identified gaps are considered as a training needs.
It incorporates experiencing sets of responsibilities which gives data with respect to
expected capabilities to play out that assignment. This hole is to be filled by giving fitting
preparing to improve their abilities to act according to norms (Ployhart and Moliterno,
2011).
 Individual:- Such needs are connected with singular jobholders. For example, director
needs aptitudes identified with administration to be more compelling in his activity.
There are 2 sorts of requirements at this level which is clarified beneath:-
1. Exhibit needs which incorporates aptitudes and learning required in current situation.
2. Future needs which incorporates aptitudes required for future which will be required
because of progress in innovation, business improvement, and enactments. It is
administrators part to distinguish such needs to create people.
2.2 Benefits and drawbacks of training
Preparing strategies are utilized by association for upgrade of workers keeping in mind
the end goal to support them towards their doled out employment part. However, number of
modes are accessible which is used by organization to prepare their labourers for instance; off
the job and on the job (Rae, 2010). Subsequently, both the strategies are having a few advantages
and disadvantages which are clarified as takes after:-
Advantages of training:- Occupation satisfaction:- Training and improvement assumes an indispensable part in
expanding work fulfilment of representatives. It likewise encourages in upgrading spirit
among workforce as they feels advantaged. Inspiration:- It is helpful in building inspiration in representatives. It incorporates giving
additional thoughtfulness regarding them which brings about more inspired specialists. Maximization in productivity:- Training and improvement incorporates expanding
aptitudes and information of workers through different techniques. This causes them in
working all the more productively and successfully as contrast with their past execution.
It brings about more monetary profits to organization.
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 Utilized innovative technologies:- It additionally causes them in effortlessly embracing
new and propel advances. It makes them fit in utilizing such advances proficiently. Representative turnover-It helps in lessening number of workforce leaving employments
as often as possible.
 Risk administration:- This is one of primary advantage an organization can increase
through preparing and advancement. It enhances organization's picture so hazard factors
influences less to it (Schaper and et. al 2014).
Disadvantages:-
 Expanded anxiety:- Training commonly prompts stress and weight on workers as they
need to pick up learning alongside their normal assignments which now and then makes
potential outcomes of perplexities.
 Wastage of time and capital:- Training at work environment could be wastage of assets.
Organization need to burn through cash on preparing techniques and furthermore pays
cash to coaches and wages to students while learning. Allocation of additional time is
required for this, which prompts exercise in futility ordinarily.
 Absence of interest:- Sometimes because of such a large number of instructional courses,
students ends up noticeably exhausted and looses their enthusiasm for learning. When
they loses their advantage, at that point data being give can't be held at the top of the
priority list.
 So much hypothesis:- Some preparation programs, for the most part identified with
administration focusses more on hypothesis rather then handy learning. Because of this
people loses their feeling of learning and neglects to increase sufficient abilities and
familiarities. They stays new to down to earth condition of working. Such trainings does
not makes them fit for doing the undertakings much viably. Along these lines, giving
reasonable learning is required to powerful inclining and it will come about them to end
up noticeably master in their field and accomplish profession development.
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2.3 Systematic approach for planning training event
Training sessions is a formal way or modes of strengthening knowledge of employees by
following appropriate theories and approaches by considering relevant facts and figures
(Southern, 2011). Therefore, systematic approach of training sessions is going through proper
steps and process which is described as follows:-
Assessment
Design
Development or enhancement
Execution
Evaluation
Managers of an organization have to follow these steps while planning or designing
training programmes for enhancing learning of newly appointed and current employees. Proper
explanation of these steps are described beneath :- Assessment:- In the first phase of this process an organization is going to identify
requirement of training at workplace by analysing performance of employees, their
behaviour etc. However, in this step managers are trying to understand the need of
sessions for particular individual with the help of different methods. Design:- Secondly, after getting ware about need of improvement its time for desiging an
effective programmes or event for enhancing skills or learning of employees in order to
attain their goals or objectives in defined time period. Along with this, strategy maker has
to consider relevant theories, facts, figures, information and data for formulating an
impressive sessions. Development and enhancement:- Now its time for increment in confidence level of
employees, boosting their morale with the use of numerous of strategies and schemes of
improvement (Steffen and et. al., 2015). Execution:- In this stage, managers have to implement designed or planned programmes
at workplace for further use of employees.
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 Evaluation:- At the last of stage of this process, superiors of an enterprise need to review
or monitor their set event whether it is useful or not as well as identify that set objectives
is achieved in a given time frame or not.
At the end it has been understood that above process is very useful in executing or
implementing training sessions.
TASK 3
3.1 Evaluation form for understanding usefulness of training and feedback about the trainer
Evaluation is an effective procedure as well as mandatory for identifying the result of
training programmes whether it is achieved or not by considering relevant facts or figures. In fact
it helps in enhancing they performance of employees as well as motivate them towards person al
and professional growth (Storey, 2016). Basically, evaluation is type of feedback process which
is acquired by managerial team after completion of training event for getting updated about
outcome or efficiency of this events. Hilton is a very attractive hotel whose main objective is to
polish their employees from internally as well as externally for seeking the attention of millions
of customers. If an organization is having staff members with impressive personality then they
can easily convince several number of customers with their charm or spark and succeeded in
attaining assigned target in a minimum time period. Therefore, evaluation process is conducted
by managers of Hilton for answering these questions which are written as follows:-
 Is there change in employees personality or learning?
 Is there any improvement in organizational environment?
 Assigned task is accomplished or not?
 Did staff members learnt something from training programmes?
 Objectives of Hilton is attained?
 Is there any increment in organizational turnover?
Therefore it is essential for organization to conduct evaluation process for answering
these questions in a easiest way (Unger and et. al., 2011).
3.2 Assessment by analysing the responses towards evaluation form
After getting updated about actual motto behind assessment process it is essential for
organization to conduct further changes as per requirement of employees. In fact this process is
not an easy task which requires accurate information and data for necessary improvement or
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modification in training sessions. Along with this, it aids in identifying best alternatives for
enhancement programmes. Therefore, Hilton adopted useful methods for conducting assessment
process in an enterprise by considering relevant facts or figures. Thus methods for evaluation
process is described as follows:- Formative :-As per this technique outcome is achieved in a minimum time period
without wasting much time period. For instance; if a teacher is going to teach any chapter
then she will take a immediate oral test for getting aware that; student are understanding
the topic or not. Formative assessment process is a short term method in which results are
achieved in a minimum duration.
 Summative:- On the contrary to this employees attending training sessions are come to
know about their feedback in a longer period of time. It means it is a long term process.
These two methods plays a very vital role in carrying evaluation process in an effective
manner with the help of accurate or precise data (Parkes, 2015).
3.3 Reviewing how successful evaluation form
Hilton is a emerging hotel in European marketplace because of their impressive and
unique technique of running their business by following necessary steps. In fact evaluation
methods which is utilized by organization is a key to success because it helps them by proving
instant feedback of employees for further changes. Therefore, growth of assessment process is
only attained by suing precise data with the help of useful sources which are highlighted as
follows:- Interviews:- According to this mode, managerial team have to conduct personal interview
sessions for understanding an employees personally. Observation:- Acquire information by watching things.
 Written tests:- Conduct testing programmes for getting positive outcomes.
However development of Hilton hotel is fully depend upon their effective planning
process for achieving positive results and outcomes in a minimum time period. Apart from this
training sessions are evaluated just to get aware about smooth running of entire programmes by
using numerous of impressive schemes and tools for strengthening the knowledge or skills of
newly or current employed persons.
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TASK 4
4.1 Role of government related with training, development and lifelong learning
Government plays a very vital role in training and development events by amending
numerous of acts, norms, rules and regulations for improving the skills of employees as well as
try to protect labours from exploitation at workplace. Along with this governing bodies provides
professional instructor for enhancing the knowledge of newly hired and currently working
employees by implementing several developmental sessions (Hamilton, 2010). Apart from this,
regulatory bodies also established various public and private institutions or associations for
improvement in learning of individuals or available labours for accomplishment of assigned task
in a minimum time period. Instead of this governing bodies personally wanted to develop
performance of individuals for uplifting economy of a nation. Thus, they implemented number of
strategies or amended acts for supporting training and development which are detailed as
follows-
 Initial step which was taken by regulatory bodies are elimination in unemployment of
young generation by motivating existing firm towards expansion process at international
boundaries.
 Improving learning of employees for minimizing unskilled labours from workplace.
 Motivate current and newly appointed workers by introducing numerous of beneficial
acts or schemes.
Therefore, as per above policies or steps it has been identified that governing bodies are
giving their best in improving talent or skills of employees by motivating them towards personal
and professional growth.
4.2 Development of competency movement and its impact on public and private sector
During initial time period private and public owned companies in London are started
sharing their skills and learning for encouraging competencies at marketplace. Along with this
for getting competitive advantages Hilton hotel is spending huge amount on training sessions for
improving overall personality of entire staff members as well as try to enhance their
organizational performance for establishing their goodwill at European marketplace. However
there are number of enterprises that are popularize in that time period because of their effective
strategies and unique ideas of serving customers by satisfying their needs and demands in a
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minimum time period. Basically, at that time companies are trying to increase competition at
European marketplace by coming up with innovative ideas of running their business.
Furthermore, positive relations between higher authority and staff members is very much
beneficial during competency movement because it helps them in establishing monopolistic
market.
Instead of this, managerial team also provide safe and secure working surrounding by
motivating subordinates to accomplish their assigned job in efficient manner by making efforts
for maximizing competition and gravity at workstation. At the end it has been understood that
competency movement is very useful for motivating employees towards growth and
development of personal as well as overall enterprise (Dewey, 2011).
4.3 Contemporary training initiatives by government for contributed to personnel management
Governing bodies of UK plays a very vital role in management of human resource by
taking appropriate initiatives by conducting temporary learning system for bringing complete
and fastest development in personnel growth. In fact various private and public institutions are
established by governing bodies in UK marketplace for enhancing learning of employees in an
efficient manner. In fact it provides leaning curve which is a very appropriate tools in monitoring
performance of employees with the use of repetitive task. Along with this qualitative and
quantitative learning styles are developed which is fully depend upon market situation as well as
component which influence an organization while gaining competitive advantages. Apart from
this governing bodies of a nation is coming up with several styles of acquiring knowledge and
skills for improving personality of employees at workplace as well as enforce managerial team of
Hilton hotel toward proper management system. Therefore numerous of initiative which was
introduced by advisory bodies are described as follows:-
 Implement impressive training sessions for the employees of Hilton hotel in order to
attract millions of customers.
 Introduced enhancement acts for enhancing employees skills.
 Encourage firms towards expansion process.
 Minimization in cost.
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CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been summarised that development of employees is very
much essential and indispensable because they are key to success as almost all the jobs are
accomplished by them only. This assignment is based on policies which is adopted by Hilton
hotel for enhancing performance of their employees by using effective learning styles and
monitoring their presentation with the use of appropriate method for implementing further
improvement. Apart from this, it also shows various methods for developing skills of staff
members by adopting useful training methods for example; off the job and on the job as well as
its benefits or drawbacks are also outlined in this project. Furthermore, report shows that
evaluation process is very much essential in attaining objectives of an organization by updating
training sessions for further improvement in employees talent.
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REFERENCES
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perspective of small‐business owners. Corporate Social Responsibility and
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strategy and owner-manager characteristics. Journal of small business and enterprise
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Bridge, S. and O'Neill, K., 2012. Understanding enterprise: entrepreneurship and small business.
Palgrave Macmillan.
Carraher, S.M. and Paridon, T.J., 2015. Entrepreneurship journal rankings across the discipline.
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Gronum, S., Verreynne, M.L. and Kastelle, T., 2012. The role of networks in small and medium‐
sized enterprise innovation and firm performance. Journal of Small Business
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Herbane, B., 2010. Small business research: Time for a crisis-based view. International Small
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development of unconventional natural gas resources. Science of the Total Environment.
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Ployhart, R.E. and Moliterno, T.P., 2011. Emergence of the human capital resource: A multilevel
model. Academy of Management Review. 36(1). pp.127-150.
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era. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. 17(4).pp.591-606.
Schaper, M.T., and et. al 2014. Entrepreneurship and small business.
Southern, A. ed., 2011. Enterprise, deprivation and social exclusion: The role of small business
in addressing social and economic inequalities (Vol. 2). Routledge.
Steffen, W and et. al., 2015. Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing
planet. Science. 347(6223). p.1259855.
Storey, D.J., 2016. Understanding the small business sector. Routledge.
Unger, J.M and et. al., 2011. Human capital and entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytical
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