Impacts of genetically Modified Crops Assignment PDF
Added on 2021-05-31
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Running head: IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPSIMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPSName of the student:Name of the University:Author note:
1IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPSThe genetically modified crops or GM crops are defined as the crops that are modifiedthrough genetic engineering. The DNA of the crops is modified in order to provide newcharacteristics to the plant, which is not present in the species naturally1. Such improvedcharacteristics include resistance to harmful pesticide and herbicide, resistance to some extremeenvironmental condition, Improvement of nutrient provided by the crop, less spoilage and anyothers. The most common genetically modified crops include corn, soy, alfalfa, canola, zucchiniand sugar beets. According to researchers, genetically modified crops have no grater harmfactors than common food. It is important to examine the GM crops case-by-case prior to theintroduction in the market2. Introduction of GM crops helps to increase the productivity of theagriculture and reduces the use of harmful pesticides. However, there are some cons of usingGM crops, for example, it can cause hazards to the health condition of individual such asallergies from toxicity3. Due to such issue some countries restrict the access of GM crops, whereas some nations allow the access of Gm crops with appropriate regulations. It is notified by someexperts that, in the developing countries, profit is higher due to GM crops than the developedcountries. The research paper will focus on the impacts of GM crops on the economy andenvironment of the developing countries and will provide information regarding the regulation ofgenetically modified organisms or GMO.The genetically modified crops are spreading rapidly across the world and people areaccepting the technology of genetic engineering in order to improve the traits of natural crops. Itis one of the most researchable facts in the modern society and researchers are trying to improvetheir study in order to bring innovation regarding the GM crops. `The government and the1 Barrows, Geoffrey, Steven Sexton, and David Zilberman. "Agricultural biotechnology: the promise and prospectsof genetically modified crops."Journal of Economic Perspectives28.1 (2014): 99-120.2 Kamle, Suchitra, and Sher Ali. "Genetically modified crops: detection strategies and biosafety issues."Gene522.2(2013): 123-132.3 Hakim, Danny. "Doubts about the promised bounty of genetically modified crops."New York Times29 (2016).
2IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPSbiotech industries are promoting the benefits of using genetically modified crops in order toimprove economic condition. According to the statistics, developing countries are benefitedmore than developed countries due to allow the access of GM crops. 38% of the global cropareas are covered by developing countries4. They are allowing the cultivation of geneticallymodified crops in order to become competitive in the global market. However, the rate of gain ishigher for the biotech industries than the farmers and consumers5. The intervention of geneticallymodified crops in agriculture has remarkable impact on the economy of a country. Farmers whoutilize the technology and cultivate GM crops have experienced higher effective productivity,revenue, and lower of pesticide. Chinese farmers were facing problem in cultivating cotton, asthey had to spend a huge amount of money in the process of pest control. After the interventionof genetic engineering, 7.5 million farmers grow genetically modified cotton known as IR cotton.Such adaptation helps them to achieve higher yield, lower cost and an overall profit. In order toincrease the productivity and profitability, 83% farmers in Mexico has adopted the cultivation ofIR cotton6. The cultivation of HT soya in Argentina has increased the productivity andprofitability of the country by 10% approx7. A comparison between IR maize and non-IR maizehas shown that, the farmers who aloe the GM crop has experienced higher yield and profitabilitythat the farmers who has rejected the process. Nevertheless, there are many negative aspects of4 James, Clive. "Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops: 2014."ISAAA brief49 (2015).5 Brookes, Graham, and Peter Barfoot. "Global income and production impacts of using GM crop technology 1996–2014."GM crops & food7.1 (2016): 38-77.6Embrapa, Paulo A. Vianna Barroso, Mr Eduardo Roman, and Mrs Luz Amparo Fonseca. "Report of the roundtable for biotechnology in cotton." (2013).7Leguizamón, Amalia. "Modifying Argentina: GM soy and socio-environmental change."Geoforum53 (2014):149-160.
3IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPSusing genetically modified crops in agriculture, which can affect the economic condition of acountry negatively. In order to achieve high profitability, most of the biotech companies usepatent to protect their rights. Introduction of patent results in the rise of price of the seeds to anextent. Thus, farmers and the small-scale farms are facing difficulties in purchasing such highrated seeds, as they are not able to afford it. The biotech companies are forced the farmers andthe small-scale farms to accept the patent8. According to some farmers, the biotech companiesare inserting some suicidal gene into the seeds, hence the plant sustains only for a single growingseason9. The farmers have to buy new seed in order to cultivate the same genetically modifiedcrop. Due to purchasing seeds per year, farmers and the small-scale farms are facing enormouseconomic challenges. Consumer cost is another fact that could affect the economic condition of acountry. Enforcement of patent leads to increasing price of the food products derived from thegenetically modified crops. However, people are more health conscious in these days, thus theywould prefer to spend money on organic food rather than genetically modified crops. Suchincident could affect the profitability of the biotech companies, farmers and the small-scale farmsas well. The use of genetically modified crops in order to increase the net yield and improve theeconomic condition is a controversial issue. Although farmers are experiencing benefits in somedeveloping countries, it is important to allow them to access innovation regarding GM crops inagriculture. The government and the biotech companies need to take effective initiatives in orderto resolve such issues. It could help the nations to grow genetically modified crops efficiently.Through addressing the issues related to genetically modified crops, a country could experienceeconomic prosperity and higher productivity.8Azadi, Hossein, et al. "Genetically modified crops and small-scale farmers: main opportunities andchallenges."Critical reviews in biotechnology36.3 (2016): 434-446.9 Gibbs, Kelsey. "Patenting Genes: Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)." (2015).
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