Public Administration: A Literature Review

This assignment delves into the field of public administration through a comprehensive literature review. It examines seminal works that have shaped the understanding of administrative systems at both federal and international levels. The review highlights challenges faced by administrators, particularly in leveraging administrative data for research purposes. Furthermore, it explores contemporary issues such as organizing for coordination in the public sector and ensuring administrative justice.

Administrative
Services

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Evaluation of at least three services and the users of these services for ASL..................4
1.2 Explaining the importance of these services and their effect on ASL.............................5
1.3 Analyse the decision makers in ASL and the lines of communication............................6
1.4 Examining the relevance of legal and regulatory requirement that are applicable to ASL7
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
2.2 Report on the different sources of advice available when developing specifications for
ASL.........................................................................................................................................7
2.4 Examining the main objectives and constraints of the policies of ASL and the relevance of
each of the policies when developing administrative services...............................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Discuss the design options and the consultation process involved to meet agreed
specifications and the need to meet all legal, regulatory and organizational requirement.....8
3.2 Assess the presentation is in a form and style to help the user to understand the strengths
and weakness........................................................................................................................10
3.3 Illustrate the methods of recording which are necessary................................................10
3.4 Review the implementation and the support put in place...............................................11
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
4.1 carry out regular checking that administrative services, systems and procedures are being
used correctly taking appropriate corrective actions............................................................12
4.2 Encourage the users of the service to comment on the effectiveness of the service and the
systems and procedures........................................................................................................12
4.3 Evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the administrative service........................13
4.4 Recommend any identified improvements.....................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
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REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15
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INTRODUCTION
Administrative solutions are specially proposed by the organisations of administrative
services also known as ASO where they are apparent to provide some definite management
related services to their clients and users on the basis of outsourcing. This tends to involve
pertinent teams of professional with specialised skills and attributes to carry out the proposed
managerial operations of their organisation. Such type of organisations are evident to play a
crucial role in assisting both small scale and large enterprises in effectively managing their
affiliated functions (Benz, Corcaci and Wolfgang Doser, 2016). These administrative solutions
however consists of both wider and narrow scopes of operations depending upon the nature and
type of services that are being rendered to their respective clients and users. The below report has
discussed about such imperative services that are being provided by an ASO organisation by
electing a UK based firm called ASL where they are profoundly known as the leaders in
association management. ASL is basically referred to be an Association Management Company
(AMC) where they are proven to render a huge range of services. Wherein, it involves a distinct
set of budget that represents an affordable outlook for both small to medium and large
organisational groups specially designed for executive groups in UK and business associations,
etc.
TASK 1
1.1 Evaluation of at least three services and the users of these services for ASL
Administrative services possessing an indispensable nature of existence comprises with
different nature and type of solutions. In whose context, below three are the administrative
services that are being offered by ASL- Management and administration- These services are mainly in context to fulfil the daily
requirements of the entities with reference to handle their day to day operations. This
involves fiscal and governance bundling, membership and formal meeting administration
bundling along with head office address, etc. Event services- These services are specially designed for those users who are seeking for
professional services to manage either a house event or an event in abroad. It is where
these services of ASL are further segregated into two leading types of packages.
Wherein, an event bundle involves the practice of event management to organize and
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staff the event stands that together includes social events and helping with grant
assistance (Cohen, 2014). However, the abroad packages are together comprised with
overseas trade exposition by organising and managing the foreign missions of trade
where they are also evident to access international set of agencies and business contacts.
 Marketing services- These services are in regard to improvise the marketing activities of
the organisations who are seeking to get any professional advices for the same. These
services are further divided into distinct segments that involve the packages of
promotion, campaigning and digital marketing, etc.
1.2 Explaining the importance of these services and their effect on ASL
A leading intent of administrative services are to provide a pivotal support to the
enterprises to fulfil their technical requisitions in such a way that in turn results in a smooth
functioning of their overall operational context. It is however referred to be a complexed
procedure where its complexness is widely dependent upon their schemed size along with the
total number of specialized services that they are referring to provide the businesses. This is for
instance to an establishment with a prompt scheme of irrigation where their activities are related
to production of crops, social prospects and marketing, etc. Herein, the administrative services
gets quite perplexed with a major consent of not covering any latter situation due to a prime
consideration of only water administration organizations. It is however to explicate the
significance of above mentioned administrative services of ASL, where these benefits are
referred as- Management and administration- These services depicts the elementary requisitions of
the organisations where almost all sort of businesses are required to operate with a
strategic consent of work. Wherein, the management and administration services
provided by ASL includes assisting the firms in accounting, etc., where they are together
evident to frame legal advices for them (Horvitz-Lennon, Braun and Normand, 2016).
All these provisions in turn plays an important role where it gives a prompt insight to the
managerial bodies of the enterprise. It together gives an expeditious outlook to the
managers for framing scientific decisions to make an optimum utilization of resources to
meet the changing market trends. However, the appointed professionals in ASL to
provision the management and administration services to their clients and users are
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hereby required to carry a proficient outlook towards it. It is with a fundamental concern
of being trained and vigilant towards the continual market developments. Event services- These services are together envisioned to carry a strategic outlook
towards serving the clients and users of event management. It is nowadays referred as a
contemporary way of planning and organising an event that needs a well coordinated and
budgeted management of people, teams, resources and logistics, etc. Wherein, event
management is referred to be a complex procedure that requires a huge administrative
outlook towards the organisers. With reference to which, event management is important
to assure a stress free alignment of work where it also tends to save the valuable time of
the clients and users. It however necessitates the ASL company pay attention to the
factual requirements of their respective clients and possess a well trained staff who
selects proficient vendors to carry out a systematic work.
 Marketing services- It is believed that marketing defines the success of today's business
organisation where it is a foremost activity required to be carried out by them as a way of
promoting their proposed goods and services to the users. It however includes varied
practices for broadcasting the products via advertisement, public relations and sales, etc.,
as a way of attracting large number of clients to buy their offered commodities (Simon,
2013). It is thereby important for the ventures where a proficient marketing in turn
benefits the organisations with higher level of sales and a reputable recognition in the
market. This is however with a fundamental consideration of battling off the contending
state of market. Wherein, the marketing professionals of ASL are also required to carry
an expertise outlook towards provisioning some efficient strategies of marketing to their
respective clients and users.
1.3 Analyse the decision makers in ASL and the lines of communication
Decision-making is a prime consideration of almost all sort of organisations with a
special context of ASL organisation where they are provisioning into different administrative
services as a way of fulfilling their distinct needs and demands. It however represents a primary
responsibility of their upper managerial bodies in ASL along with their CEO to frame intact
decisions. Thus, on determining the decision-making procedure of ASL, it has been foretold that
a follow up and feedback method of decision-making is useful for their consultancy business
where their top administrative officials are always required to ensure a correct implementation of
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their undertaken plans (Erickson, 2016). This can however be done with a tangible process of
communication among all their employees and employers as a way of interacting with one other
to get continual feedback's about the enforced practices. Herein, the line of communication that
is being adopted by ASL depicts a line of technology where their deputed workers are mostly
referred to interact via telephones and emails, etc.
1.4 Examining the relevance of legal and regulatory requirement that are applicable to ASL
Legal and regulatory framework plays a substantial role in the business organisations like
ASL with a foremost accountability of adhering to such legitimate clauses of their marketplace.
It depicts a lawful existence of the business where they are required to abide by the judicial terms
framed by their respective governmental bodies. In whose accordance, the regimental bodies of
UK has together stipulated such conceptual laws with a mandatory outlook upon the
establishments like ASL. These regulative norms are as defined below- Data Protection- Data protection act also termed as DPA is a well defined law to
securely process the organisational information with a prior right to an authorised set of
individual for the same (Nemirovskaya, 2015). The designated officials of ASL should
also consider this act with an obligatory sense of safeguarding the acquired data of their
clients and users.
 Equal opportunities- Also being termed as equality act, this particular enactment is
evident to forbid all sort of discriminations at the workplace. It is with a fundamental
consideration of defending the delegated workers from gender, race, religion and
disability based discriminations, etc. In whose context, the employers of ASL should
hereby refer to provide an equal work opportunity to all their workers with no
discriminative outlook towards treating them.
TASK 2
2.2 Report on the different sources of advice available when developing specifications for ASL
This is to scrutinize such impelling sources of advice that are accessible for ASL while
developing specifications of their services. This in turn reflect their three leading administrative
services that includes management and administration, marketing and event based services with
a distinct specification for each of those (Verklan and Walden, 2014). Wherein, on discoursing
about the sources of advice available for specifying fiscal services to the users, the financial
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professionals of ASL can hereby tend to refer media publications that will include newspapers
that provides actual news about the financial events that can be further used to research the
prevalent trends of the market reflecting dissimilar opportunities. Apart from which, with a
specialised consent of provisioning marketing services to the clients and users of ASL, they can
hereby refer to marketing consultants and coach to acquire a more expertise knowledge.
2.4 Examining the main objectives and constraints of the policies of ASL and the relevance of
each of the policies when developing administrative services
Organisational policies plays a vital role in transacting a smooth functioning of the
organisations like ASL where they are hereby required to implicate some effective norms of
functioning. Such principle objectives of the policies framed by ASL while developing their
administrative services comprises with a foremost consideration of establishing boundaries for
an acceptable behaviour by the workers. Wherein, the policies represents a manual with some
vital guidelines that being communicated to the workers in the form of handbooks to employ best
work related practices in definite situations (Göransson, 2014). These policies also tends to offer
a clear set of communication to all appointed workers of ASL by defining clear work related
expectations from them by together contributing into the overall workplace culture of ASL and
instilling behavioural values. However, these policies are together associated with some major
restraining factors where a set policy on disobeying the legal rights of the workers may directly
result into lowering the moralised consent of the workers in ASL. Additionally, excessive
policies countering into the adopted culture of the organization restricting the creative thinking
of workers will also tend to lower the moralized consent of the workers with declining state of
work.
TASK 3
3.1 Discuss the design options and the consultation process involved to meet agreed
specifications and the need to meet all legal, regulatory and organizational requirement
Administration services Limited organization has been chosen for the current project
report in which variety of services are offered by this entity to its several kinds of clients all
across the world (Buck and Kirkham, 2016). The variety of services involves marketing services,
management services. The main motive of offering services to enhance the overall quality by
reducing overall input in order to generate the final outcome to be generated by this firm. The
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designing of appropriate framework is essential in order to deliver quality oriented services to its
variety of clients. The clients and buyers are offered with quality oriented services in the
affordable costing. The cost beneficial organizational frameworks are offered by the current
business in order to gain competitive advantage over variety of rival members exists in the same
environment. There are different ways in which the services offered to different clients are given
as below:
Meeting production requirements- The pilot survey has been conducted by the personnel of
this entity in order to find out the latest trends and patterns running in the industry (Saylor,
2016). The specified or specific requirements of all the buyers are taken into considerations in
designing various services to existing or potential buyers. Various communication mediums will
used in order to record the requirements of the customers in order to offered different services
according to their needs and the expectations.
Legal and regulatory requirements- ASL is common name of association company
management which deals in offering management services to variety of firms located in the
Europe. This also offers different membership services to the trade professionals working in the
Europe are required to follow legal and regulatory requirements. This includes meeting standards
and policy management, taking legal advice from counsellors in order to order to take right
direction in order to reach their path. Licensing requirements need to be followed in which
several accreditations need to be taken into account which improves the existing working
conditions of the business.
This section is discourse upon such designing options in the carried procedure of consultation by
ASL to meet their agreed specifications where they are hereby required to ensure a productive
way for the same. This requires a prime intervention of organisational stakeholders as a way of
determining the specified clauses that are required to be met. Apart from this, they are also
required to consult from applicable persons who possess a skilful cognition regarding the
intruded specifications (Cody, Perez-Johnson and Joyce, 2015). Another foremost requisition is
to abide by the legal and regulatory norms of the marketplace that together confirms to the set
policies of the organisation as a way of meeting their undertaken objectives by eradicating any
constraining elements.
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3.2 Assess the presentation is in a form and style to help the user to understand the strengths and
weakness
The attractive look and pleasing presentation of the manual and instructions guide will
attract wide number of users in order to make decisions (Buck and Kirkham, 2016). The services
offered by this entity will have higher base of clients which enhances the overall productivity of
the business concern. The trade affairs created when an entity fulfils their requirements when
aligned their services with this entity. The services are presented in attractive manner in order
facilitate various users in making important decisions in favour of the business concern. The
formats and style needs to be adopting convincing which grabs the attention of most of the
customers towards the positive factors of the business. The presentation of an entity will
determine its success or failure as wrong decisions taken by the firm will transform its existing
customers towards their competitors. The component of cost need to be involved in the pricing
by minimizing the profit element in it to retain all the customers within the business.
3.3 Illustrate the methods of recording which are necessary
Records are regarded as the important component which is used to record the transactions
takes places in the business (Al-Kilani and Twaissi, 2017). In the current business world there
are variety of interfaces has introduced which helps in communicating with wide number of
customers at a same time. These methods will facilitate an entity in order to deliver variety of
information to its end users. The information has supplied from one end to another end for the
benefit of the business concern as they get more time while interacting with wide number of
users in reflecting the true performance of the business to the external parties. There are several
ways f record keeping in order to form legal evidence is given as below:
Reports- Business reports are prepared for recording each and every transaction took places in
an entity in order to form legal evidence. The management can review these reports in order to
find out all kinds of errors in the business transactions. The reports are also enclosed with the
initials of the authorized in order to caught the culprit in the fir who have sanctioned wrong
information to the another end.
Emails- The current business world is run according to the latest technology as electronic mail
system is one of the common examples of technology. The professional communication is takes
places between several parties working under the same roof simultaneously. The emails will be
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circulated in the form in order to convey important announcement in the business usually by the
Human resource manager.
3.4 Review the implementation and the support put in place
The designing of the services is essential as thus allows an entity in order to deliver
quality oriented services from one end to another end. At the same time execution of the same
services is regarded as that important step without which the whole process goes in vain. The
implementation of the services designed by the owner is possible after considering various things
to provide higher benefit to its users (Ahmad, 2016). The implementation plan has been
developed by the sanctioned authority which further analyses by various authorities working
under same authority. This plan needs to be negotiated by the buyers who are purchasing the
quality oriented services from the owner. The negotiation will be based o the terms and the
conditions for which the administrative services are offered by an entity.
The services provided to all the clients are further assessed by the owner by using it in
their own firm in order to know the negative or positive implications of the services offered to
their clients. The positive feedbacks are taken in order to maintain the level and the negative
reactions are essential in improving the existing performance of the services offered by them.
The overall environment needs to be assessed before implementing the services in the external
business environment. The workers who held responsible for executing the services need to
conduct survey in which free services are offered online in order to gather feedbacks in order to
inspire the owner to implement the services without any doubt.
The users of the administrative services offered by ASL will also provide support to the
users in order to resolve their issues in offering high quality services (Kadi, 2016). The demo
needs to be provided by the workers of ASL in order to clear little queries faced by the trade
partners and other professional traders who enjoys the services provided by this entity.
Additional sales services are aloes offered by the business entity of ASL in which small
requirements facing after delivering the services. This unique kind of help facility offered to all
the existing and the potential clients is essential in order to gain their trust and confidence.
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TASK 4
4.1 carry out regular checking that administrative services, systems and procedures are being
used correctly taking appropriate corrective actions
Just selling of services to its clients is not the sole motive o the business of ASL as their
primary motto is to satisfy their clients (Lægreid, Sarapuu, Rykkja and Randma-Liiv, 2016). The
satisfaction among clients will be generated when they used the services and find no problem in
using the services. The primary approach followed by an entity is to deliver the services in order
to improve the existing business of the firm in meeting various organizational goals and the
objectives. The constant checking of the services by follow up with the clients in terms of
knowing the likes or dislikes of client’s in relation got the services offered to them. The
procedures have set up like grievance and compliant management system in which a buyer can
file their complaint related to the services offered to them.
The solution can be provided to all the problems currently faces by an individual in
various ways which is given as below:
Amending manuals- manuals are crafted in order to guide an individuals in using the services
in enhancing their existing work conditions which can be improved by rectifying the internal
deficiencies lies in the instruction manuals.
Provides training- The performance of a person can be improved by offering training to them in
order to use the particular services by knowing different software that used in correlation with
the services offered to them.
4.2 Encourage the users of the service to comment on the effectiveness of the service and the
systems and procedures
The primary objective of the owner is to get good feedbacks from the users of the
services who will give positive consent in the favour of the services offered to them. The users of
the administrative services are encouraged in order to give their opinions on the effectiveness of
the services (Saylor, 2016). The effectiveness of these kinds of services is essential as individuals
will redefine their performance by amending their existing structures. Surprise visit will be
performed in the businesses of some of their customers in order to know their reactions and their
actual positions. The employees of the customer’s firm are interrogated in order to find out the
truth in improving the financial performance of their entity. The competitors are also offerings
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same services from which unique identity can be formed by an entity by providing different
services in the different manner. Some of the methods that an entity can use in order to determine
the effectiveness of the services offered to their clients which are given as follows:
Questionnaires- Set of closed end and open end question are asked by the supervisors in order
to know the reactions of all the respondents on various parameters framed by the owner. This can
be distributed among different persons whose review will be collected through different means in
order to maintain the privacy.
4.3 Evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the administrative service
The data in form of information needs to be collected as this is requisite element to be
required in evaluating the data in terms of various criteria’s set by the owner. The reliability of
the information will be checked by applying several tools and the technique as this is essential in
order to make important decisions in the business (Ahmad, 2016). Observation is that weapon
which can be used by individuals in order to know the reliability of the information collected
from other means. This will reveals the actual truth as while observing an individual will come to
know the existence of the practices currently by the business.
Service agreements will be analyzed in which the actual amount to be secured and the
tenure will be checked in order to ascertain the weaknesses. This need to be observed as it is
essential in order to improve the existing business operates by the firm.
This is to discuss upon such reliable actions that are required to be taken up by ASL as a way of
encouraging their service users to remark upon the potency of their procedural systems. In
accordance to which, they are hereby required to take certain corrective actions of rewriting their
manuals with amended instructions and processes after carrying out a prompt session of training
for the assigned individuals at the workplace (American Psychiatric Association, 2015).
Consultation is referred to be yet another potent activity that can be undertaken for subsequent
betterment by carrying out focused group interviews with the help of questionnaires, etc., as a
way of obtaining feedback's from the service users.
4.4 Recommend any identified improvements
It can be recommended that an entity needs to redefine its existing organization structure
in order to reduce all kinds of internal deficiencies. This approach will be followed by organizing
team meeting with several team members in order to prepare them for accepting changes in the
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organization as this is also helpful for an entity in order to know the skills and the capabilities of
all the employees working in the firm.
It also stresses on meeting legal requirements in the business where health and safety of
an individual’s is regarded as the important element in the business (Barbosa, 2016). This can be
done by complying with the health and safety legislations in which safety measures adopted by
the firm in the business premises. Ventilated working atmosphere should be provided in order
retain all of its employees for loom term in the business.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that an entity like ASL have offered variety of administration
services along with the constant follow up conducted with the customers. This unique attitude
adopted by the owner will be helpful for all the employees in maintaining good relations with the
business entity. This has also emphasized on meeting specific requirements of its customers.
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Cohen, S.M., 2014. Use of administrative and national survey databases in health services
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Simon, H.A., 2013. Administrative behavior. Simon and Schuster.
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coordination in the public sector: practices and lessons from 12 European countries.
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Kadi, Z., and et.al., 2016. Barriers of influenza vaccination in health care personnel in France.
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Buck, T. and Kirkham, R., 2016. The ombudsman enterprise and administrative justice.
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