Use of Mobile during Lecture Leads to Lower Grades in Canada

This research examines the impact of using mobile phones during lectures on students' grades in Canada. The study uses ANOVA and regression analysis to test the hypothesis and finds a significant relationship between the use of mobile phones and lower grades. The research is limited to Canada and includes a sample of 50 students.

Intro to applied research
Topic: Use of Mobile during lecture lead to lower grades: In the context of Canada

Research 1
ABSTRACT
In the current scenario, this is witnessed that students perform very less in their end-of-term
exams if they have been given the access to an electronic device, which include the use of mobile
phones. Thus, the rise in the use of mobile phones leads to lower grades in the context of
Canada. The research is conducted on the concern with the motive to grab the understanding on
the topic. The research methods, which will be used by the researcher for conducting the
research, will be explained. The hypothesis in the report will be test with the use of ANOVA and
regression. Thus, this helps the company in understanding the research topic in the effective
manner.

Research 2
Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Research problem........................................................................................................................3
Hypothesis...................................................................................................................................3
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS...................................................................................................4
RESEARCH LIMITATIONS..........................................................................................................4
METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................................5
Data collection method................................................................................................................5
Research tool...............................................................................................................................5
Sampling......................................................................................................................................5
Analysis of Results..........................................................................................................................6
Demographic characteristics........................................................................................................6
Hypothesis test.................................................................................................................................9
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
References......................................................................................................................................12
Appendix........................................................................................................................................13
Appendix 1.................................................................................................................................13
Appendix 2.................................................................................................................................16
Appendix 3.................................................................................................................................17

Research 3
INTRODUCTION
The aim of the report is to conduct the research on use of mobile during the lectures, which lead
to the lower grades. In Canada, while visiting the high school classroom these days this has been
found that there is high probability that students will be found as texting, suffering the internet as
well playing the games on mobile devices during the classroom. This creates the impact on
grades and they receive lower grades.
Research problem
In present world, the system of education is developing in Canada and mobile phone usage is
allowed within the class, as this mode the helps the student to attain the knowledge. However,
most of the students make use of the mobile phones at the time of lectures which is an problem
as it create the direct impact on the grades of the students (Valk, Rashid & Elder, 2010).
Considering the severity of the issue, the researcher has conducted the research on the problem to
determine the concern so that problem steps can be taken by the administration. Social theory
offers the general theories with the motive to explain the behaviour of society. The society of
Canada is advance and likes to use technology due to which children make use of mobile phones
that are allowed by lecturer. This has been found that about 85% of the Canadian high school
students carry mobile phone that affects the students in class, as they get distracted due to it
(Paquette, 2015). This is evidence that the statement is the certain with the facts and observation
related to the society.
Hypothesis
H0: There is significant relationship between use of mobile and lower grades.

Research 4
The theory, which is used to develop the hypothesis, is Structural-Functional Theory as approach
views society as complex and interconnected system where every part works all together
(McPhee & Canary, 2016).
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
In the research, it is essential for the researcher to define the operational variables from the topic.
The operational variable is refers to as the way you will define as well as measure the variable
and how it is used for conducting the research. In the research, the topic is use of mobile phones
during lectures lead to lower grades. The major variables include use of mobile phones and lower
grades. The use of mobile phones is increasing in Canada during the class as students spend time
in chatting, using social media as well as for other purposes (Chen & Yan, 2016). The use of
mobile phone during the lectures distracts the students due to which they do not be able to
concentrate on the study that leads to the lower grades. In this, it is clearly that the grades of the
student are totally depended on the use of mobile phones done by the student.
 In the research, the independent variable is use of mobiles and the dependent variable is
lower grades of students.
RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
In the context of the research limitation, this can be said that the research include activities that
are majorly practice as the limitation are for survey which is conducted. The topic is not wide
enough as there is use of laptops and other devices are increasing by the students (Ritzer &
Stepnisky, 2017). In addition, the geographic limitation of the research is also there as the

Research 5
research focuses on Canada only. The sampling for the research is based on the survey that was
conducted on 50 students. The responses of the students are considered for analysing the data.
METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is considered as procedure that is taken into the consideration while
collecting the facts by the researcher with the motive to present the research in methodological
manner.
Data collection method
The method of data collection is considered as one of the effective techniques which used by the
researcher with the motive to access the facts that are linked with the concern of research. The
primary data collection method is used by the researcher in which the data has been collected
with the survey through questionnaire of 50 students.
Research tool
The research tool is the tool that is majorly used by the researcher for collecting the data. In
conducting the research on concern topic, the researcher has selected the self-developed
questionnaire as the tool with the motive to collect the responses from different students. The
guidance for the questionnaire is taken from the different studies (Ritzer & Stepnisky, 2017). The
method of formatting the questionnaire is multiple choices that help in accumulating and
understanding the data in effective manner.
Sampling
The research sampling is the process that helps the researcher to implement the selection of the
respondents from the wide group of population. In this research, the probability sampling method

Research 6
has been selected by the researcher that majorly includes the simple random method in which the
respondents are selected on random basis. The major limitation of the sampling in research is
that only 50 respondents are selected as samples for conducting the research.
The researcher has found that sample by visiting the schools, college, as well as institutes. Most
of the students have attained the survey according to their willingness (Ritchie, Lewis, Nicholls
& Ormston, 2013). In addition, the self-administered questionnaire has been designed
specifically to be gathering the data by the respondent without any of intervention of the
researcher.
Nominal scales are majorly used for the labelling of the variables without any of the quantitative
value. The questionnaire that is prepared as most of the multiple-choice option include the
labelling of the variables without any number or value. This is clear with the questionnaire
presented in the appendix section. In addition, the ordinal scale is refers to as the order of the
values which is important but the differences between everyone is not really known. The scales
are majorly use with the motive to present and interpret the data in the effective manner. The
survey is conducted by making the effective use of the scale. In the multiple-choice question, the
nominal scales are used while conducting the survey and ordinal scales are used while
interpretation of the data.
The data has been coded from the responses of the total 50 respondent for every question and
data is sorted by scaling the every question with responses in the codded sheet.

Research 7
Analysis of Results
This section of the research includes the analysis of the responses that has been interpret and
evaluated to support the hypothesis. The analysis is based on the survey through questionnaire in
which the entire 20 question has been selected.
Demographic characteristics
Gender
Gender
Feminine 25
Masculine 25
50%50%
Gender
Feminine Masculine
The gender include both male and female as the random responded who took the participation in
the survey.
Age group

Research 8
Age-group
5-10 years 16
10-15 years 12
15-20 years 11
Above 20 years 11
5-10 years 10-15 years 15-20 years Above 20 years
16
12 11 11
Age-group
Age-group
This has been found in the survey that children with the age group of 5-10 years are making
maximum use of mobile phones and this makes them addicted towards the use of mobile phones.
Age group
At what age you got your mobile phone
5-10 years 7
10-15 years 14
15-20 years 10
Above 20 years 19

Research 9
5-10 years
10-15 years
15-20 years
Above 20
years
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
7
14
10
19
At what age you got your mobile
phone
At what age you got your mobile phone
Hypothesis test
In the research, the topic is use of mobile phones during lectures lead to lower grades. The major
variables include use of mobile phones and lower grades. The use of mobile phones is increasing
in Canada during the class as students spend time in chatting, using social media as well as for
other purposes. (Baran, 2014) The use of mobile phone during the lectures distracts the students
due to which they do not be able to concentrate on the study that leads to the lower grades. This
hypothesis is proved with the question: -
Independent variable- Do you use your mobile phone while lectures?
Dependent variable-What is your current average in school?
SUMMARY
OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R
0.21831
5378
R Square
0.04766
1604

Research 10
Adjusted R
Square
0.02782
1221
Standard
Error
1.33568
232
Observations 50
ANOVA
df SS MS F
Significa
nce F
Regression 1
4.285731
463
4.28573
1463
2.40225
2203 0.12773
Residual 48
85.63426
854
1.78404
7261
Total 49 89.92
Coefficie
nts
Standard
Error t Stat P-value
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
Lower
95.0%
Upper
95.0%
Intercept
2.39779
5591
0.455372
606
5.26556
8366
3.24459
E-06
1.48220
8
3.3133
84
1.48220
8
3.31338
3565
X Variable 1
0.32765
5311
0.211401
425
1.54992
0063
0.12772
9618 -0.0974
0.7527
06 -0.0974
0.75270
6357
The P-value in the regression analysis shows that there is possibility of 12% that the responses
shared by the responded are not correct. However, on the other side this has been found that
almost approx. 88% this has been found that the hypothesis is correct. Thus, the data presented is
based on the survey that is conducted by researcher. Thus, this shows that independent variable
has the influence on the dependend variable. This means that use of mobile phones during
lectures leads to lower grades.

Research 11
Conclusion
In the end, this can be said that all the collected data by the researcher support the hypothesis. In
addition to this, there is correlation between the both the variable which is proved with the help
of Annova and regression. Further, the research has been done with the help of survey through
questionnaire.

Research 12
Bibliography
Baran, E. (2014). A review of research on mobile learning in teacher education. Journal of
Educational Technology & Society, 17(4), 17-32.
Brannen, J. (2017). Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research. Routledge.
Chen, Q., & Yan, Z. (2016). Does multitasking with mobile phones affect learning? A
review. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 34-42.
McPhee, R. D., & Canary, H. E. (2016). Structuration theory. The International Encyclopedia of
Communication Theory and Philosophy, 1-15.
Paquette, D. (2015). School cellphone bans raised grades says researchers. Retrieved from:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/school-cellphone-bans-raised-grades-says-
researchers-1.3086780
Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C.M. & Ormston, R. eds.,(2013). Qualitative research practice: A
guide for social science students and researchers. sage.
Ritzer, G., & Stepnisky, J. (2017). Modern sociological theory. Sage publications.
Valk, J. H., Rashid, A. T., & Elder, L. (2010). Using mobile phones to improve educational
outcomes: An analysis of evidence from Asia. The International Review of Research in
Open and Distributed Learning, 11(1), 117-140.

Research 13

Research 14
Appendix
Appendix 1
Q1. Please specify your gender
Feminine
Masculine
Q2. Please mention your age group
5-10 years
10-15 years
15-20 years
Above 20 years
Q3. Do you have a mobile phone?
Yes
No
Q4. At what age you got your mobile phone?
5-10 years
10-15 years
15-20 years
Above 20 years
Q5. How often do you check your mobile?
Always
Rarely
Never

Research 15
Sometimes
Q6. How much time do you spend on mobile phones?
1-3 hours
3-6 hours
6-9 hours
9 or more hours
Q7. Do you use your mobile phone while lectures?
Yes
No
Sometimes
Q8. Do lecturers allow you to use mobile phones in Class?
Yes
No
Sometimes
Q9. What is the purpose of mobile phone for you?
Social media
Texting
Calling
Others
Q10. Does use of mobile phone affects your grades?
Yes
No
Q11. Do you think use of mobile phone is effective while studying?

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Yes
No
Q12. How often do you check your cell phone in an hour?
1-10
11-20
20-30
30-40
40 and more
Q13. Do you think mobile phones enhance your educational skills?
Yes
No
Q14. Do you use any educational apps in your mobile phones?
Yes
No
Sometimes
Q15. Do you listen online lecturers on mobile phones?
Always
Rarely
Never
Sometimes
Q16. What is your current average in school?
Below 50%
50% - 60%

Research 17
60% - 70%
70% - 80%
80% or higher
Q17. Do you feel refresh while using mobile phones at the time of lectures?
Yes
No
Sometimes
Q18. Do you think mobile phones should be allowed during lectures or not?
Yes
No
Q19. Do you think use of mobile phones affect you learning skills?
Yes
No
Sometimes
Q20. Do you find mobile phones are necessary while studying?
Yes
No
Appendix 2

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Appendix 3
McPhee, R. D., & Canary, H. E. (2016). Structuration theory. The International
Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy, 1-15.
This article is presented with the motive to talk about the structuration theory that is one of the
social theories. In the article, the author has presented the relationship between the
implementation of the social theory in the hypothesis of the research. Further, the article focuses
on the structuration based studies within the organisation that include the applied disciplines. The
research, which is undertaken by the researcher, is based on the secondary research methods that
include opinions of different authors on the topic.
Paquette, D. (2015). School cellphone bans raised grades says researchers. Retrieved from:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/school-cellphone-bans-raised-grades-
says-researchers-1.3086780
The article that is presented by the author reflects the perspective of the Canadian education
system that shows that most of the students in schools make use of the cell phones during the
lectures. The opinion of the Principal Wade Smith, Citadel High School (CBC) is taken for
presenting the article by the author. This shows that primary research method has been adopted
by the author. The findings show that use of mobile phones is results in lower grades of the
students. However, most of the schools in Canada are banning the use of mobile phones.