Introduction to Business and Management: A Comprehensive Guide

This comprehensive guide explores the fundamental concepts of business and management, covering key topics such as levels of management, leadership styles, globalization, and corporate social responsibility. Learn about the roles and responsibilities of managers, the impact of globalization on businesses, and the importance of ethical practices in today's business world.

Introduction to business and management

Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................................2
Levels of management and responsibilities.............................................................................3
The roles and styles of leadership and management..............................................................5
Effects of Globalization.............................................................................................................7
Organizational CSR responses.................................................................................................9
Conclusion....................................................................................................................................11
References.....................................................................................................................................12
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Introduction
Leadership is a process of establishing organizational vision, guiding franchisees on the vision
by proving an insight of the vision, so that employees can follow willingly as long as the
information is availed to them, knowledge and methods that can be used to realize the
established vision (Peus, et. al., 2016).
Management is the process of controlling organizational activities by organizing and
coordinating the business activities with an aim of achieving the organizational defined
objectives. Therefore the role of the manager in a business organization is to create corporate
policies and organizing them, control, plan, and direct the organizational resources with an aim
of achieving the business. He believes that business organization requires a teamwork where
every member of the business is important and is knowledgeable enough to contribute to the
organization regarding the set goals. Through teamwork, McDonald Company has achieved in
terms of opening many branches in every country other than Poland and the restaurant is the best
in providing fresh food that is admired by most of the people.
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Levels of management and responsibilities
Organizational management is divided into three major levels with varying responsibilities.
These levels ensure that organization achieves in their operations in order to meet their target.
Managerial level of management- the top management at this level consists of the managing
directors, the board of directors. This is the level where the policies of an organization and the
plan and coordinate the activities of an organization. All the rules and policies that guide the
operation of the business is made at this level (Carmichael, 2011).
Executive level of management- is also called the middle level of management. They head
departments in an organization and they are accountable to top management. Their main
functions are to implement the rules and regulations as per the directive from top management.
They all prepare the plans as per their departments.
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Operational management- this is also called the lower level of management. They play a vital
role in manning daily operational activities of the business. They are handling all job
responsibilities; they take data for the operations and stock taking. They also ensure that
organizational machines are in good condition and are properly functioning.
Organizational structures are divided into pre bureaucratic structure, bureaucratic structure, post-
bureaucratic structure, divisional structure, matrix structure, organizational circle. McDonald
Company is operating in a divisional structure under the CEO who has delegated duties to every
employee. The company is inclusive where opinions of employees have made them go far in
terms of innovation of the company (McGrath & Bates, 2017).
The organization can only achieve in the business organization if the responsibilities are well
coordinated in the sense that all the top management of an organization sets the goals that are
achievable and the goals that are well coordinated with the midlevel of the organization and the
lower level of an organization. As the top management, involvement and inclusivity in the work
are good in terms of workforce combination and ideas can be generated that can make an
organization to move in the way that is good to give the company what it desires to achieve.
Middle management is also good to seek the views of the lower level before they come to
conclusion so that the work will be coordinated right from the top all the way to down. Lower
levels are good because they are on the ground and their actions regarding the success depend on
the treatment they get (English, 2011).
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The roles and styles of leadership and management
Leadership is divided into three different types: namely:
Laissez-Faire Leadership- this type of leadership is handled with minimal supervision because
it has a trained and efficient director of an organization.
Autocratic leadership- this type of leadership is whereby the leader is directing the
organizational activities and he/she do not become the party in performing the business
organization activities. This type of leadership is common in today’s business activities.
Participative leadership- in this type of leadership, the leaders allows employees to tap their
creativity in an organization for better achievement of organization goals. This type of leadership
is used in the McDonald restaurant in Poland to enable employees to gain more experience and
to serve customers in a good manner such that every customer can be able to see the future with
the company. Though decisions are made by top management of an organization the daily
running of the business is done by the down management and opinions of every employee can be
channelled directly to CEO.
The four management models that guide organizational managers in achieving their goals are
leading, planning, controlling and organizing.
Planning- organizational managers will develop the action plan that will leaf towards achieving
the organizational objectives. In this case, the manager will have to look at the overview of the
project that planned and see the viable cause of actions that will enable an organization to meet
their goals (English, 2011).
Leading- in this case, the manager will act as an example by leading in showing the franchisees
how the task should be done and he will as well participate in the task. Managers who lead are a
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good example because they feel the weight of the task and they compensate employees very
well.
Controlling- these are managers whose role is to assign the task and enforce their authority in
order to achieve the objective goals. Managers who act by controlling are guiding all activities in
an organization and they are majorly concerned about the task more than employees.
Organizing- these are the process of lining duties in the organization in a good manner so that
employees can carry out the tasks based on how they are assigned. To organize is simply to put
in order so that employees can get the task more easily to do. McDonald Company was led by
the CEO systematically and in a good manner in that managements practised an inclusive
leadership where employees felt part and parcel of the organization.
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Effects of Globalization
Globalization is the process through which business organizations are integrated across the
borders of many nations. Business organizations are moving their business activities
internationally to meet the needs of the people across the world.
PESTEL model of globalization is important because it helps the organizations to understand the
external environment of a given organization before the organization ventures into a particular
country. The basic threats and opportunities that can a rose in the global market can be
understood by the PESTEL model. The basic effects that people face in the global market or
foreign market are factors such as political factors. Economic factors, social-cultural factors,
environmental and legal factors. The model will help the business organizations to gain a better
vision that can help the business to thrive for its feature plans that aim at profitability aspect for
the business organization (Burke & Barron, 2014).
Legal factors- different nations have got different legal regulations. A new business that is
venturing into a particular nation needs to know the rules and regulations that will guide the
business operation in that nation. Legal factors affect even the profit earned by an organization.
Economic factors- the government of a given nation e.g. Poland government might decide to
support the operation of the business and build the economic stability of their nation by creating
more jobs and building money institutions via good interest rates (Avolio &Yammarino, 2013).
Political factors- there are nations which are experiencing political mayhems in a day to day
activities and therefore such nations are not good for developments or venturing a new business
in such like nations (Humphrey, 2013).
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Environmental factors- an environment in which the organization exists depends on what the
people of that particular area loves most. Some environment is so hash to some kinds of business
in the sense that those businesses cannot be supported by the environment of such kind.
Social-cultural factors- just like in the case of McDonald Company, the company is a restaurant
which is a food industry and before the company opens a branch in a new country, it is important
to know the kinds of foods that are consumed in that nation commonly so that an organization
can serve the right food in that nation. An example is that not all kinds of food sold in Poland can
be sold in another nation such as the USA.
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Organizational CSR responses
CSR is a part of the duties and responsibilities that organization take to ensures that the well
being of the community such as building things like schools and other social amenities.
Corporate have got the responsibility to ensures that community in which the organization exist
is promoted in terms of employment and other activities that build the society.
CSR have got 4 corporate responsibilities that they do to communities to show their concerns
about the way they can serve the wills of the nations the wills of the communities.
Environmental conservation- organizations are concerned about the environmental effects such
as tree plantation to allow the raindrops in that area ensures that communities receive good water
and other natural services that they can offer.
Philanthropic efforts- organizations are working to ensures that business is modernized with the
current technology to ensures that business has gone digital (Avolio &Yammarino, 2013).
Volunteering commitments- in this case, organizations such as McDonald Company were
concerned in building the community needs by providing foods to needy people, clothing to
needy people, and even building houses to needy people as assign of SCR so that the
communities can be enhanced in terms of the basic needs.
Company diversity and labour practices- organizations practice work diversities and people are
given opportunities to work in the companies. Work diversities brings people together and work
together in order to achieve the well being of the organization.
In the current competition in the business organizations, people tend to be selective on the
products that they consumed based on different factors. Some of the factors are prices of the
goods, brands of the goods and the satisfaction in which somebody can get from consuming a
particular commodity. However that, some people do look at how the company is socially
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responsible in terms giving job opportunities, building social amenities and above all ensuring
that society is benefitting from an organization. Giving back to society made McDonald
Company as one of the greatest organization in Poland and in other parts of the world. The
company is doing great in terms of employment, contributing to GDP, hospitals, schools, and
above all opportunities. The organization is also playing the role of ensuring that the products
and services that they offer conform to what the society is using. Besides all that, the company is
much concerned about the employees they have at hand.
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Conclusion
Business organizations are growing speedily in the world. The companies are growing and
venturing into the new countries to offer good services and products. McDonald organization
worked extremely to reach all parts of the world by giving out the required services to people.
The company later started venturing into new innovations that led to an extreme development of
the company. Besides, the company played a vital role in building a strong relationship with the
societies that it ventured. For an organization to grow as the management expects based on the
strategies of the company, there are important factors that will lead to the growth and
development of the organization across the world. The business has gone digital and there are
many companies which are coming up with similar products the same as to the ones produced by
the existing organizations. Because of that, businesses have to go technologically to ensure that
they meet people across the world and at the same time they venture into new opportunities that
could be available in the new areas. Because of that, the first thing to be considered by the
organization is the external environmental and internal environmental factors of the company.
This is because the company might be willing to do a business since the market shares are
available but if the company fails to put political factors, environmental factors, economic
factors and legal factors of that particular country in place, then the business cannot do well.
Lastly, every starting business must bear in mind to be socially responsible in terms of uplifting
the lives of people surrounding an organization.
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References
 Avolio, B. J., &Yammarino, F. J., 2013. Transformational and charismatic leadership:
The road ahead.
 Peus, C., Braun, S., &Schyns, B., 2016. Leadership lessons from compelling contexts.
Bingley, U.K: Emerald.
 Carmichael, J., 2011. Leadership and management development. Oxford: Oxford
University Press. McGrath, J., & Bates, B., 2017. The Little Book of Big Management Theories: ... and
how to use them.
 Humphrey, R. R. H., 2013. Effective Leadership: Theory, Cases, and Applications. Burke, R., & Barron, S., 2014. Project management leadership: Building creative teams
 English, F. W., 2011. The SAGE handbook of educational leadership: Advances in
theory, research, and practice. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications.
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