Comparison between Iran and Mexico on the basis of High and Low Context culture
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This report compares and contrasts the High and Low Context culture in Iran and Mexico based on Hall’s theory. It discusses the differences in communication style, value system, and societal norms between the two countries.
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Running head: CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT Cross Cultural Management Name of the Student: Name of the University: Author note:
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1CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT Comparison between Iran and Mexico on the basis of High and Low Context culture Iran and Mexico are two different countries located very far from each other and have vastly different cultures. One country is located in the Middle East and dominated by Islam and while the other country is located in North America and follows Roman Catholicism majorly. The cultures between the countries are significantly different. The following report focuses on the comparison and contrast of the two cultures on the basis of Hall’s High-Low Context. The concept of High and Low context addresses the style of communication in different cultures. The differences are usually derived from the level to which the meaning of the words is transmitted through the actual words spoken or implied by the context. Anthropologist Edward T. Hall introduced this context in his 1976 book, ‘Beyond Culture’ (Wolfgang 2013). According to Hall, in the high context culture, there is implicit meaning in the messages exchanged, with more information that actually said, while, in the low context culture, the messages are expressed explicitly, and there is very less implicit meaning within the messages. Hence, in the high context culture, many things remain unsaid and people have to understand the implicit meaning. On the other hand, in the low context culture, the speaker or communicator must be very much explicit to convey the messages in proper terms (Hoffmannet al.2017). Iran’s culture is considered to be a high context culture. The Iranians place a higher importance on the long term relationships, loyalty with lower levels of rules and standards implemented in the system. The people are less verbally explicit in the communication, which is assumed to have come from the religious belief and Shia culture (Qureshiet al.2017). They have strong boundaries on whom to accept as an insider and who to consider as outsider. In Iran, people keep less written or formal information, and hence, the internal understanding of the communication is very important. A large amount of information is usually provided through
2CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT non-verbal gestures, such as, body language, pauses while talking, facial expressions etc. Thus, it is very important in Iran to understand the meanings of the words, spoken and unspoken and act accordingly. Consequently, intuition and feelings of people determine the decisions taken. They put more value on the past and prefer longer time for any work. The business and political decisions are based on the personal, face-to-face interactions and relationships. Hence, personal relationship has a higher value in Iran (Wolfgang 2013). On the other hand, Mexico is considered to be a low context country. In such culture, all theinformationisexplicitlyprovidedduringanysocialorbusinessinteraction.Hidden information is rarely found in the communication. Hornikx and le Pair (2017) state that people prefer short term relationships and prefer to follow the rules and regulations strictly. People in Mexico are very much task-centered. They focus more on what needs to be done and they prefer to divide responsibilities. The information in any kind of formal and informal interaction is provided verbally to avoid any miscommunication and misunderstanding. Facts and evidences areconsideredwhilemakingdecisions.InMexico,significantvalueisplacedonthe performance and expertise of people and they tend to finish the businesses quickly. Hence, the communication process is easy and professional and effective relationship is more valued than a long term personal relationship in Mexico (Qureshiet al.2017). In the context of value system, it is found that, the society of Iran is egalitarian. The constitution of Iran places high value on the justice and equality for all (Khorshidi and Zoeram 2015). The ideology that country follows is the combination of Shia Islamic religious extremism, political populism and nationalism (Arjomand 2016). The societal norms in Iran places high value on the family culture and being conservative. The most striking norm is the over- politeness, called Taarof. The Iranians appear to be extremely humble and vulnerable in front of
3CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT others. The other person has to reject the offerings until the insistence becomes greater. They do not take the words at the face value. They are originally Persians, with a rich history and culture and still follow the Persian culture (Commisceo-global.com 2016). On the other hand, Mexico also follows the egalitarian values, in the context of gender equality. The country follows Roman Catholicism due to the influence of the Spanish during colonialism (Famiglietti 2013). Family has the greatest value in the societal norms of Mexico. They love to host parties for friends and families and people feel comfortable without being extra polite like the Iranians. They consume alcohol unlike the Iranians. Interpersonal conflicts are discouraged in Mexico. It has a patriarchal society and strictly follows hierarchy in the government and corporates. However, the society is more liberal than that of Iran (Zimmermann 2017).
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4CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT References Arjomand, S., 2016.The State(s) of Ideology in Iran. [online] Washingtoninstitute.org. Available at:http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-states-of-ideology-in-iran [Accessed 15 Jan. 2018]. Commisceo-global.com,2016.Iran-Language,Culture,CustomsandEtiquette.[online] Commisceo-global.com. Available at: https://www.commisceo-global.com/country-guides/iran- guide [Accessed 15 Jan. 2018]. Famiglietti, C., 2013.Top 10 Cultural Norms to Observe in Mexico. [online] Yucatan Holidays. Availableat:http://www.yucatan-holidays.com/featured-articles/top-10-cultural-norms-to- observe-in-mexico/ [Accessed 15 Jan. 2018]. Hoffmann, M., Donovan, L., Green, T. and Phuntsog, N., 2017, March. Building Community in Online Programs for Learners from High and Low Context Cultures. InSociety for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference(pp. 210-215). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Hornikx, J. and le Pair, R., 2017. The Influence of High-/Low-Context Culture on Perceived Ad Complexity and Liking.Journal of Global Marketing, pp.1-10. Khorshidi, M. and Zoeram, V., 2015.Egalitarian Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran andPerceivedDiscrimination.[online]Academia.edu.Availableat: http://www.academia.edu/6151332/Egalitarian_Constitution_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_ and_Perceived_Discrimination [Accessed 15 Jan. 2018].
5CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT Qureshi, S., Vishnumolakala, V.R., Southam, D.C. and Treagust, D.F., 2017. Inquiry-based chemistry education in a high-context culture: a Qatari case study.International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education,15(6), pp.1017-1038. Wolfgang, A. ed., 2013.Nonverbal behavior: Applications and cultural implications. Academic Press. Zimmermann,K.,2017.MexicanCulture:Customs&Traditions.[online]LiveScience. Available at: https://www.livescience.com/38647-mexican-culture.html [Accessed 15 Jan. 2018].