Leadership Styles and Management Theories

This assignment explores various leadership styles and management theories, including situational leadership, system leadership, chaos theory, and management by objective model. It discusses the importance of effective communication, employee motivation, and goal alignment in achieving sustainable performance and growth.

Leadership and management
concepts

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
1. Introduction to organisation and management structure ........................................................1
2. Definition and role of both leader and management, highlight the differences between
leadership and management........................................................................................................1
3. Roles of leadership and functions of management in different situations .............................2
Introduction to the key operation of the organisation.................................................................4
Roles and responsibilities of manager in the key operational functions.....................................5
Key operational approaches to operations management.............................................................5
Impact of external business environment factors that affect decision-making by leaders and
managers.....................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................................6
RECOMMENDATION ..................................................................................................................7
4. Analysis of chaos theory and management by objective for the growth and sustainable
performance. ...............................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Leadership in an art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common
goals. Management is art of getting things done through and with the people in formally
organized groups. It is create an environment in which people can perform individuals and co-
operate towards attainment of group goals. Study lays emphasis on concepts of leadership and
management and is function (Avolio, 2017). It also differentiates the role of leader and manager.
It also highlights various theories such as chaos and management by objective which support
organisation in having growth and sustainability.
1. Introduction to organisation and management structure
Morrisons is the 4th largest chain of supermarkets in UK. It was founded in 1899 by
William Morrisons and headquartered in England. Main business of Morrisons are groceries and
food and have 403 stores across UK with 131000 employees and 10 million customer per week
(Avolio, 2017). The annual turnover of the organisation is excess of 15 Billion pounds. The
organisation and management chart of Morrisons is very simple and systematic. It starts with
high authorities such as CEO, Chairman of Board, Director and then middle managers are Store
general manager, Deputy general manager, Department manager lastly low level staff include;
Supervisor, General assistant. The responsibility of higher authorities is to manage whole
organisation, they are liable for losses and profits of the organisation (Hughes, 2013). Middle
managers manage employees and various department of stores of Morrisons. Low level staff
supervise employees and take care of day to day work performance to achieve organisational
goals.
2. Definition and role of both leader and management, highlight the differences between
leadership and management
Leader: A leader is a person who influences their flowers to achieve a specific goal. They are a
person with a vision and inspires the flowers in a way that it becomes their vision. That help
them making the strategies of achievement of goal.
Manager: A manager is a person who manage the organization that is responsible for planning,
direction, coordinate and control. They are able to get their work done by the employees through
several ways and have the authority to hire or fire the employees.
Leadership Management
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Roles
Motivating employees: they are communicate
with their unit member to learn about their
needs and motivate them.
Interpersonal: they not only motivate the
employees but is also involving in hiring, firing
and discipline employees.
Support: they support to employees which the
good result in willingness to work and their
effectiveness in running of concern.
Discriminator: they received information from
outsiders or from the subordinates member of
the organization.
Characteristics
Honesty: leaders are always concern and
honest about their work.
Industry knowledge: manager should have
industry knowledge. That can help manager to
perform work more effectively (Srivastava,
Bartol and Locke, 2016).
Communication: effective communication
help to leaders in keeping team work on right
project.
Delegation: manger have delegate ability. With
that ability they set their global vision of goal.
M1 role of leaders and managers through the theories and concepts
In transactional theory model, leaders are supportive and innovative, while managers are
goal oriented and directive by nature (Mujtaba, 2013). The path goal theory adopt by leaders for
achieve their goals by directing, guiding and coaching them. Managers follow the
transformational theory for follow the organizational structure, influence employees and
professional behaviour to motivate. Leader and managers of Morrisons follow the principle to
increase its operational excellence. By the comparison structure of Morrisons, leaders are not
satisfy scored by operation department while manager are high scored by employees.
Hence, Morrisons leaders are need to follow transformational model to deliver strategic
results and operational excellence to the organization. Leaders have adopted the transformational
theories.
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3. Roles of leadership and functions of management in different situations
Management and leadership plays an important role in different situation but they differ in that
situations like management based on written communication, while leadership based on verbal
communication. There are many organisational situations occur which managers and leadership
faces and handle in their own styles like
Miscommunication- For creating effective communication in Morrisons managers firstly
establish the communication channels and it creates a communication policies and put it in
writing for training and references use on the other hand leadership uses that policies and follows
the rules of that policies and lead the employees (Hughes, 2013). Leadership emphasises on the
reason of the issue. Manager's main role is planning, organising, leading and controlling whereas
leadership execute that planning of management.
Employees grievance- Manager directs and tell the leaders about the problems of
employees and then discuss all the factors and solution related to problems with leaders, in
contrast, leadership provide coaching to the employees regarding problems and support
employees with the help of management and then allows employees to decide own that how to
approach each task.
Different theories and models of approach
Contingency theory- With the help of contingency approach it focuses on the current
situation and then make strategies based on their knowledge and experience. It helps them to
solve any type of problem as it allows managers to learn from the circumstances and change the
policies accordingly.
Situational theory- Situational theory has four steps of leadership and management like
directing/telling, coaching, supporting and delegating. With the help of situational theory leaders
emphasise on their own ability to adapt their style to the situation because this theory is depends
on the effective leadership and their ability.
System leadership theory- With the help of system leadership leaders emphasises on
creating the best condition where every type of people can work productively to their potential it
creates a better environment and make a friendly relationship amongst employees.
M2-Strength and weakness of situational leadership
Situational System Contingency
Strength Practically easy to It is interrelated and It is equally effective
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understand inter-dependent by this
manager can
understand the effects
of one part to another
part.
in all the situations.
Weakness It has limited
flexibility as it
depends on the
situations.
It does not offer
specific tools and
techniques.
It becomes complex
while putting into
practice.
Introduction to the key operation of the organisation
4

Roles and responsibilities of manager in the key operational functions
Key operational approaches to operations management
5

Impact of external business environment factors that affect decision-making by leaders and
managers
CONCLUSION
6

RECOMMENDATION
4. Analysis of chaos theory and management by objective for the growth and sustainable
performance.
Chaos Theory: This theory basically lays emphasis on the unpredictability and unwanted
situation which can arise in the organisation. It is the study of complex, non-linear and dynamic
situation that can be faced by Morrisons. Chaos theory focuses that the board of management in
the firm makes policies and procedures according to the changing nature of environment. They
must be flexible and adaptable so that growth and sustainability can be achieved by them
(Smircich and Morgan, 2014). Managers and leaders can get engaged in analysing and
forecasting the change and plan the policies of the firm accordingly.
Management by Objective Theory- The management by objective is a management
model that aims to improve the performance of Morrisons by defining the objective clearly. This
model emphasize on ensuring staff involvement in decision making process and attaining the
objective. This theory enhance performance of Morrisons and improve the effectiveness of the
organisation.
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CONCLUSION
From the above study it was concluded that leaders and managers plays important role in
the organisation. The study analysed that leaders and managers have different roles and
responsibilities in the organisation where leader lead employees and managers motivate them. It
was also concluded that for sustainable performance and growth, Morrisons can apply various
theories and model such as Chaos theory and management by objective model in the
organisation.
RECOMMENDATION
 It is recommended to the leader of Morrisons that situational leadership is more
complicated and they should adopt system leadership as it increase productivity and
enhance work performance of employees.
 Managers of Morrisons should implement effective communication process in the
organisation to avoid conflicts and miscommunication.
 It is important for the managers as well as leader to focus on employees' goal as well as
organisational goals to improve their interest and commitment towards work.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Avolio, B.J., 2017. Promoting more integrative strategies for leadership theory-
building. American psychologist.62(1). p.25.
Hughes, R.L., 2013. Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of experience. Richard D. Irwin, Inc.,
1333 Burridge Parkway, Burridge, IL 60521.
Mujtaba, B.G., 2013. Managerial skills and practices for global leadership. ILEAD Academy.
Smircich, L. and Morgan, G., 2014. Leadership: The management of meaning. The Journal of
applied behavioral science.18(3).pp.257-273.
Srivastava, A., Bartol, K.M. and Locke, E.A., 2016. Empowering leadership in management
teams: Effects on knowledge sharing, efficacy, and performance. Academy of
management journal. 49(6). pp.1239-1251.
Uhl-Bien, M., 2014. Relational leadership theory: Exploring the social processes of leadership
and organizing. In Leadership, gender, and organization (pp. 75-108). Springer,
Dordrecht.
Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2014. Concepts in strategic management and business policy.
Pearson Education India.
Online
Role and characteristics of leader. 2018. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.clearpointstrategy.com/strategic-leadership-characteristics/>
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