Leadership and Management Concepts

This study material explores the concepts of leadership and management, focusing on the characteristics of leaders and managers, their roles in different situations, and the application of various theories and models of leadership. It also discusses the key approaches to operation management and the importance of quality management. The content provides insights into the relationship between leadership and management in the business environment.

Leadership and Management
Concepts

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P1:Comparison between characteristics of leader and manager.................................................3
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................6
P2:Role of leader in different situations......................................................................................6
P3: Application of different theories and models of leadership..................................................7
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................9
P4 Key Approaches to Operation Management..........................................................................9
P5 Importance and values of operation management...............................................................10
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................11
P6 Factors affecting the business environment - ......................................................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Leadership is an important process by which a person can guide, direct and influence the
behaviour and work of subordinates towards accomplishment of organisational goals in a given
situation. Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce the subordinates to work with
confidence and zeal and motivate them. It is an important branch of management and researchers
are still trying to find what is the great leader made of.
Corus Group was formed through the merger of Koninklijke Hoogovens and British
Steel plc in 1999. It was acquired by Tata of India in 2007, and renamed Tata Steel Europe in
September 2010. Corus operated steel making plants (blast furnaces) in Port Talbot, Wales
Scunthorpe and Teesside, England; and Ijmuiden, the Netherlands, with additional steel making
facilities in Rotherham, England, as well as downstream steel production of both long and flat
steel. .
Above study will give an idea of leadership and management based on Corus group. It will
study upon the role of leader and function of managers and their comparisons, how leadership is
applied in different situations. Appreciation of role leaders and managers in operation function of
the organisation & lastly relationship between leadership and management in Business
environment.
LO 1
P 1 Comparison between characteristics of leader and manager.
Manager :- A person who is in-charge of the group which controls the carried out tasks or a part
of an organization. Manager is a person who is responsible for all the tasks occurring under them
and responsibility of the result which must be maintained under a manager.
Leader :- A Leader is a person who encourages team to achieve a common goal. Purpose is
defined by a leader who encourages workers in achieving a common goal and works for
upbringing of firm by various pros and corns to work for betterment of the firm.
There is a huge difference between being a manager and being a leader. Leadership is a
type of skill and the person who has this ability is known as a leader whereas, Management is a
discipline, and the practitioner of this discipline is known as the Manager.
Leader and manager have different roles in an organization, a leader is the one who
inspires, encourages, influence and motivate his team to work efficiently and effectively to

attain organizational objectives. Whereas, a manager is an important link between the
organization and its stakeholders, which are employees, shareholders, customers, suppliers,
government, society etc. Manager is the one who performs basic managerial functions.
(Barkema and et.al., 2015)
Basis Leader Manager
Explication A leader is the one who
influences, inspires, encourages
and motivates his subordinates
to achieve a specified goal.
A manager is the one who manages the
organisation and is responsible for different
managerial functions such as planning,
direction, coordination and control.
Perspective Leaders set vision and strives to
turn the vision into reality.
Leaders think beyond what
subordinates are capable of and
try to make everyone part of
his/her vision.
Managers set goals and directs subordinates
towards these goals.
Attribute Leaders think long term and
always look at the big picture
and think about the next phase
to set the direction towards the
final goal.
Managers usually think short term and are
short sighted
Style Leaders are willing to be
themselves, are self-aware and
work actively to build their
unique and differentiated style.
They are comfortable in their
own shoes and willing to stand
out and are authentic and
Managers mimic or copy the competencies
and behaviours learnt from others and adopt
their leadership style rather than defining it
themselves.

transparent.
Aim Leaders aim to involve whole
team to the process and like to
brainstorm new ideas and
encourages people to always
raise their opinions, if they have
a better idea of doing things.
Leaders encourage ideas.
Managers assigns tasks and aims at getting
that task completed before deadline.
Objective Leaders don’t micromanage
their team but instead guide
them towards the vision when
necessary. Leaders coach their
team.
Managers supervise their team and make
particular changes when and where required.
Focus Leaders focus on people and are
people oriented. They focus on
all the stakeholders they need to
influence in order to realize their
vision. They know who their
stakeholders are and spend most
of their time with them. They
build loyalty and trust by
consistently delivering on their
promise.
Managers focus on the structures necessary to
set and achieve goals. They focus on the
analytical and ensure systems are in place to
attain desired outcomes. They work with
individuals and their goals and objectives.

Approach Leaders are willing to try new
things even if they may fail
miserably. They know that
failure is often a step on the path
to success.
Managers work to minimize risk and don’t
want to get out of their comfort zone
They seek to avoid or control problems
rather than embracing them.
Change Leaders favours change and are
innovative and encourage
transformation in an
organization. They always look
for better ways to improve the
processes of organisation.
Leaders do right thing. If leaders
need to break and set new rules
for a organisation, then, they
don’t hesitate doing it because
leaders are open to change.
Managers maintain the status quo and resists
change. They usually follow the path which
has been profitable for the organisation.
Managers do things right.
Similarities of a Leader and Manager-
Leader and Manager works towards a common goal for achieving the targets set by the
organisation for near future context. Leader works for a purpose with the hep of workforce by
providing a vision in right direction. Whereas a manager guides the workers with the objective to
work for the betterment of the firm. Manager is responsible for the work that takes place in his
segment.
LO 2
P 2 Role of leader in different situations.
The only thing which is constant in this world is change (Binder, 2016). On daily basis
people confront different situations and in an organisation the situations are most dynamic and
changing every next second. Situational leadership addresses these changing situations. It refers
to when the leader or manager of an organization must adjust his style to fit the development

level of the subordinates.(Bush Bell and Middlewood., 2019) With situational leadership, it is up
to the leader to change his style, not the subordinates to adapt to the leader’s style. In situational
leadership, the style may change continually to meet the needs of others in the organization
based on the situation. How roles of leaders apply in different situations basically two theories
are taken to provide examples:
 Coaching leaders work on an individual’s personal development and job-related skills.
This style works best in situations where subordinates know their limitations and are
open to change and getting coached (Cox., 2015).
 Pacesetting leaders set very high expectations for their followers. This style works in
situation when subordinates are self-started and are highly motivated. The leader leads by
example. It can lead to subordinate burnout.
 Democratic leaders are ones who give subordinates vote in almost all decisions. When
used optimally, it can build flexibility and responsibility within group. This is time
consuming and is not the best in situations when deadlines are looming.
 Affiliative leaders put employees first. This style is used in situation when morale of
employees is very low. The leader uses praise and helpfulness to build team’s confidence.
This style risk poor performance when team building is initially happening.
 Authoritative leaders are very good at analysing problems and identifying challenges.
This style is good in situation when organization is drifting aimlessly. This leader allows
followers to figure out how to solve a problem.
 Coercive leaders tell their subordinates what to do. They have a very clear vision of the
endgame and how to reach it. This style is good in situations of disasters or if an
organization requires a total overhaul.
Situational Leadership demands flexibility and adaptation to the existing work environment
and the needs of the organization. Situational Leadership It requires leader or manager to not
stick to a specific skill instead modify the style of management to suit the requirements of the
organization. As per the situations manager should change its functions or leader should change
his role. The key to Situational Leadership is adaptability. Leaders or managers must be able to
move from one leadership style to another to meet the changing needs of an organization and its

employees. These leaders or managers must have the insight to understand when to change their
management style and what leadership role or managerial function fits to different situations.
P 3: Application of different theories and models of leadership.
The Great Man Theory: merely believes that leadership is an inherent trait of a person
and is purely intrinsic. It believed that great leaders are born & not made, They are destined to
become a great leader by birth and they prove themselves when the great need arises. It implies
that inherit qualities should be possessed by a person to become great leader and it can applied in
those organisations which already have managers with inherit qualities.
The Trait Theory: An individual must possess the key personality traits and
characteristics to be an effective leader and these traits are inherent by birth. Can be applied in
organisation which already have managers with good personality traits.
Behavioural Theory: Focuses on the behaviours of the leaders and cause & effects
relationship of specific human behaviours from leaders. Stated that anyone with the right
conditioning can become effective leader. Applied in organisation with highly work oriented
environmrntenvironment with performance culture.;
Contingency Theory: It state that effective leadership comprises of three factors, i.e.
traits, behaviour and situation. A leader’s behaviour varies as per the situation. Effective
leadership comprises of all the three factors, i.e. traits, behaviour and situation. A leader’s
behaviour varies as per the situation. he Contingency Leadership theory argues that there is no
single way of leading and that every leadership style should be based on certain situations, which
signifies that there are certain people who perform at the maximum level in certain places; but at
minimal performance when taken out of their element. It can be applied in the organisation
where leaders are more likely to express their leadership when they feel that their followers will
be responsive.
Cognitive Resource Theory: This theory states that if leader is experienced he will be
able to perform effectively even under any stressful situation but an intelligent leader performs
well in less stressful situations. This can be applied in organisation with highly experienced
managers or leaders.
Strategic Contingencies Theory: This theory states that the effectiveness of a leader
depends upon his problem-solving skills, ability to handle critical situations and decisions

making skills. It can be applied in organisation which have managers with better problem-
solving skills.
Charismatic Leadership Theory: This theory believes that a leader must possess some
extraordinary and exceptional qualities to become an effective leader. Such leaders lead by their
key traits and can be applied in organisation with charismatic leaders.
Transactional Leadership Theory: It emphasise on realisation of a desired outcome and
result. The leaders motivate the subordinates by way of a reward system, i.e. rewarding the
performers and punishing the non-performers. The theory emphasises maintaining a cordial
relationship with the subordinates, leaders and followers must work mutually to meet
organisational goals. Can be applied in organisation which demands proactive and energetic
subordinates and directive manager.
Transformational Leadership Theory: It states that a leader is effective if he can transform or
change the perceptions, behaviour and expectations of the followers and direct them towards a
common goal which will lead to the accomplishment of the leader’s vision. Can be applied in
organisation which operates in highly dynamic environment.
LO 3
P 4 Key Approaches to Operation Management
Various key approaches used in the manufacturing industry to eliminate various threats in
the operational procedures to maintain the quality and provide a lean manufacturing, to
maximize the quality and improving the efficiency of the work. Various methods like six-sigma,
total quality management and lean manufacturing is used to maximize the output considering the
norms and regulations governed by industrial society. Industrial standards to the production must
be achieved (Fonseca and Domingues., 2017). Some of the key approaches to the manufacturing
which hinders the performance are discussed below:
Total Quality Management(TQM):
Total Quality Management refers to the process which detects and eliminate errors in
manufacturing by creating a narrow passage to the supply chain management of the industry
which enhances the quality and minimises the backlash which improves the customer experience

(Freiling., 2019). Corus aims to deal with the quality management to improve the functioning of
the production and satisfying customers.
Role of Leader: Role of a leader is to check the defects and strategies to minimise the
defects by providing the best strategy to seek customers satisfaction (Hall, and Rowland., 2016).
Leader aims to involvement of all the sectors of the firm which aims to help in minimising the
efforts and maximize the outputs by providing a safer way of functioning. With the improvement
in strategy the leader must have a watch over the strategy by providing functional training and
development program which help the firm to achieve better results. To improve the quality and
work approach the team must watch over all round development of the firm which is very much
difficult to acquire it takes all round development of the firm which can lead to change in
performance level of the firm (Hawkins and Edwards., 2015). Leader must keep a record on a
daily basis to keep an all-round development of the firm which can help to increase sales and
productivity of the firm.
Role of manager: Manager aims to check the work done by workers and providing the
best of the services and strategy to achieve the given targets. Managers helps the workers and
provides training with the developed strategy to achieve the better results. They act as a
facilitator to workers their work is to assist the workers in the tasks and handle the crucial
situation arose. Manager needs to communicate with the workers and solve their queries.
Manager must take a time for trainings and provide the workers with amenities which are
required for safe functioning (Hitt., Ireland and Hoskisson., 2016).
Lean manufacturing:
Lean Manufacturing refers to the maximizing the productivity by minimising the waste to
improve the productivity. It is done to aim the minimisation of waste by identifying the strategy
and implementing it for the further results this improves the working conditions and time
management quality to provide a better results to the organisation.(Kiran., 2016)
Role of leader: By providing the strategy to the worker leader keep a track on the work.
By the relevant research with the topics of update a leader always helps in the development of
the firm. There is always a way out which can motivate workers by creating an environment of
continuous improvement.(Morden., 2017) Leader always encourages its workers keep them
motivated towards their goal and provide a set of awareness to work towards achieving a
common goal.

Role of manager: Manager can help the workers with modern techniques and solutions to the
workers which work towards a common goal. Manager keep its workers motivated and provide a
training and development which helps the firm to grow. Manager provides a best strategy to
work and motivation. Manager checks and corrects the workers with their job and helps them in
typical cast provides best strategy how it is to be accomplished.
P 5 Importance and values of operation management
Operation management is very much of great importance to the firm it helps in the growth
and development of the firm providing strategies and planning for the growth of the firm. This
can be explained by various methods which provides a streamline to the organization improving
the strategy and team building performance of the organization. This can be carried out by
various techniques like: total quality management, Six Sigma, Lean manufacturing which helps
in improving efficiency of the firm.(Northouse., 2017)
Six sigma: six sigma is a static approach which aims of continuous improvement
methodology which helps in the elimination of defect and improving its quality and service. Six
sigma is a mean measurable statistics, as the data deviates out of mean value the problem arises
so as to maintain the driven performance in an ongoing process six sigma helps in the
improvement. This aims to provide a customer satisfaction for the product and services. This
procedure focuses on reduced cost and customer satisfaction. Leaders and managers helps to
achieve the six sigma for the better performance and reduced cost to satisfy customer and gain
market stability. Six sigma helps in the organization in the perfect manufacturing and minimising
the risk of waste and improving quality this helps in minimising the risks and performing better.
Total Quality Management: TQM helps the organization to grow as a firm. it is of much
importance as it provides to eliminate errors in an ongoing process. Which can help the
organization in tracing the errors and helps in eliminating the errors. It aims on customer's focus
which determines the level of the quality of the products. It aims to work with a common
objectives. It is focus centred process which processes on strategic development. Operational
management helps in the improvement of values and decisions. It aims in improving the quality.
Which aims in focusing on the precise results, no loss of raw material helps firm financially and
saves time.

Lean manufacturing:lLean manufacturing refers to minimization of waste by providing more
of productivity this helps in high variety of production which increases the output. It is very
much suitable for automobileauto-mobile industry where chances of loss can lead to loss of time
and money this saves the time and increases the productivity. this is important in organisational
context as the y help the firm in minimising the risks. Lean Manufacturing helps in increasing
the productivity and increasing the production ratio which will help in achieving the set gaols in
lesser span of time(Thomas and Peterson., 2016).
LO 4
P 6 Factors affecting the business environment -
Factors which affect the performance of business culture and business environment, and affects
the business environment affecting the sustainability of the workers.
Sustainability
Sustainability in business organization includes Eco-friendly and green practices for
performing the production, processes and manufacturing activities and keeping the current
environmental situations in concern with retaining the profit margins. Sustainability refers to as
involvement of environmental and social concerns into the business operations and interaction
with the stakeholders. The Corus leaders and managers includes the sustainable production and
maintain the eco-friendly environment at their work place and performs all the task morally. The
Sustain program of £ 35m is launched to develop new ways to control different energy sources,
processing industrial waste for the production and reducing carbon emission. The program aim is
to achieve the zero-waste and achieving the carbon neutral by 2030. with the successful
implementation of the program company can innovate their products and processes and can
introduction of new steel products which can combat with the needs and demands of the
customers and the society.(Sadeghi and Rad., 2018)
Ethics
Ethics are the rules and regulation which a company tends to follow. This also effects the
procedures, policies and culture which leads the people of the organization in such a way that
effectively achieve the organizational goal. Corus mainly concentrates on the protecting their
employees from discrimination by anti-discrimination act. The managers and leaders had built up
a positive work culture for their employees they timely boost up their employees with the self-
assessment program and offering them the rewards for their job well done this helps the

company to get efficient working from the employees and can fulfil the goal of the organization
effectively. They also value the needs and demands of the customers and prepared up the
procedure according to the need and demands of the market and set the targets according to their
tastes and preference to achieve the huge success in the market.
Culture
Organization culture is the shared values, assumptions and beliefs which directs people
how they behave in the company. Corus develops and maintains the specific culture, which
directs and guides the behaviour of the members in the organization. Leaders and managers plays
a significant role in maintaining and evolving the culture of the organization effectively. Corus
follows the adaptive culture and adhocracyandrocracy culture where members are allowed in
innovating new ideas, decision-making and personal expressions which helps them to focus on
innovations, doing the task first which is very positive step for the company's growth.
Organizational culture also implicit how much the employees knows their organization's.
(Sadeghi and Rad,., 2018). A positive work culture helps the organization in employee retention
and thus they could focus on achieving the organizational goals.
Corporate Social Responsibility
Corporate Social responsibility is a self-regulating model of business that helps company
to be accountable towards the social responsibility. ISO 26000 is the established international
standard for CSR. Corus contributes its 5% of profit percentage for the social, economic and
environmental factors. The CSR directly affects the decision making of the managers and the
leaders. To contribute towards CSR the organization has developed the waste management and
sustainable use of production in their production so that they can raise the long term profit.
CONCLUSION
From the above study it is concluded that with the help of effective leadership
organizational goal can be achieved by forming a direction and inspire their employees to
motivate them to utilize their skills for attaining the targets set for the company. The good
manager motivates, lead and influence their employees. They plan strategies and effective
measures so that they can help organization to grow and sustain the business market for long
term. They understand and recognize the all operative process and guide the employees so that

they can get the synergistic outcomes which helps the company to compete with other
competitive rivals.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Barkema, H.G and et.al., 2015. West meets East: New concepts and theories.Academy of
Management Journal. 58(2). pp.460-479.
Binder, J., 2016. Global project management: communication, collaboration and management
across borders. Routledge.
Bush, T., Bell, L. and Middlewood, D. eds., 2019. Principles of Educational Leadership &
Management. SAGE Publications Limited.
Cox, R.W., 2015. Ethics and Integrity in Public Administration: Concepts and Cases: Concepts
and Cases. Routledge.
Fonseca, L. and Domingues, J.P., 2017. ISO 9001: 2015 edition-management, quality and
value. International Journal of Quality Research. 1(11). pp.149-158.
Freiling, J., 2019. Leadership Concepts for Diaspora Entrepreneurship: What Does Management
and Organization Theory Offer?. In Diaspora Networks in International Business(pp.
323-336). Springer, Cham.
Hall, R.D. and Rowland, C.A., 2016. Leadership development for managers in turbulent
times. Journal of Management Development. 35(8). pp.942-955.
Hawkins, B. and Edwards, G., 2015. Managing the monsters of doubt: Liminality, threshold
concepts and leadership learning. Management Learning. 46(1). pp.24-43.
Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2016. Strategic management: Concepts and
cases: Competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning.
Kiran, D.R., 2016. Total quality management: Key concepts and case studies. Butterworth-
Heinemann.
Morden, T., 2017. Principles of management. Routledge.
Northouse, P.G., 2017. Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice. Sage Publications.
Sadeghi, A. and Rad, F., 2018. The role of knowledge-oriented leadership in knowledge
management and innovation. Management Science Letters. 8(3). pp.151-160.
Thomas, D.C. and Peterson, M.F., 2016. Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage
Publications.
Sadeghi, A. and Rad, F., 2018. The role of knowledge-oriented leadership in knowledge
management and innovation. Management Science Letters. 8(3). pp.151-160