Leadership and Management in Workplace: Analyzing Effectiveness and Impact on Organizational Culture and Performance

This report analyzes the effectiveness of leadership and management theories in Sainsbury and compares different styles and approaches in Tesco and Morrisons. It also evaluates the impact of leadership and management on organizational culture and performance.

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN
WORKPLACE

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................................................................4
MAIN BODY..............................................................................................................................................................................................5
1. Leadership and management theories and their application in the workplace in order to analyse the effectiveness of leadership
and management......................................................................................................................................................................................5
2. Two other organizational examples for comparing the different styles of leadership and management approaches and evaluating
the impact decisions making....................................................................................................................................................................6
3. Different leadership and management approaches taken to evaluate the impact of leadership and management on organizational
culture and performance..........................................................................................................................................................................8
PPT..............................................................................................................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Leader is bold individual who inspires the team for achieving the gaols concerning vision. an effective individual who has
shared vision aligned with the core values and understands how to reach to the desired goals. Manager is an individual who is
responsible for supervising, motivating the employees for directing the progress of the organization. “SAINSBURRY” the second
largest incorporated private company and now it is the UK largest grocery store. The company mainly operates in retailing, financial
services, and property investments. It mainly operates in convenience and supermarkets that offers various food and non-food
products and services primarily. Management theories are collection of rules and ideas for managing organization. Leadership theories
mainly focuses on traits that individual should acquire for increasing leadership capabilities.

This report will discuss the details about leadership and management theories and its effectiveness in Sainsbury. Also,
Comparing two other organizations with different styles and management approaches and analysing their impact on decision-making.
Lastly, examining the leadership and management approaches for evaluating impact on culture and performance.
MAIN BODY
1. Leadership and management theories and their application in the workplace in order to analyse the effectiveness of leadership and
management
The performance of the company relies on the leadership styles, in order to improve the performance and become the market
leader with the reviving position. The company follows various leadership styles and management practice for making more
favourable business performance. The different Leadership styles followed by Sainsbury are:
Transactional leadership theory :This theory is used by the company in order to maintain the day to day operations and ensures the
highest level; of productivity. Leaders which follow the transactional leadership method set the goals and objectives of the
organization and explain the objectives to the team members. This style emphasizes on rewards and punishments strategy which
ensures the better productivity of employees and motivates them for improving performance. This style is mostly used in the corporate
business this explains and directs the team members (Ausloos, 2020). These leaders always appreciate good performers of company
and also punishes the employees if they work beyond the standard level.
Transformational leadership theory is being followed by the Sainsbury as when the company want to initiate the big change this
styles helps company for further initiating change. The leader creates long term vision with this style and communicates them to each
workforce regarding the vision and mission of the organization, they also consult team members in achieving the vision (Berkovich
and Eyal, 2021). By adopting this style helps in transforming the skills by showing the ability and significance of the task the
employees become more productive and dedicated towards the organization.

Management styles in an organization effect the performance for meeting its operations and meeting the business objectives.
For this Sainsbury possess the organizational structure with both autocratic and democratic management styles :
Autocratic management style and theory is being followed by Sainsbury as it is the most traditional style of the management which
is being followed to make organizational decision and manage the operations of internal company. The managers in Sainsbury follow
autocratic style as the top management never consults the operational level of the workers for making the important decisions.
Mainly in this style the manager does not ask for the suggestions. With this style the management make the companies very efficient
when the complex processes are being followed and when there is requirement of high safety standards. But this style followed by the
company only ensures the short term results and it fails for delivering the long term gain (Sainsbury Plc Leadership Style, 2021). For
instance in the company is being followed at the time of crises as it will be most efficient technique used as it works for running day to
day business operations.
Democratic management style is the most common style and mostly preferred to be followed in the corporate business. In Sainsbury
this style is being followed as where the ideas and the business problems are put forward and solved as team. Also, the manger
believes that the employees are responsible for the decisions taken by them. Most of The employees prefer democratic style in the
businesses where the top management always consult with the employees before making important decision. This style is being
mostly followed by leaders which solicit the employee for building the decisions before deciding for the company operations. This
theory helps in increasing the motivation of the workforce (Dyczkowska and Dyczkowski, 2018). As the participation among the
employee and management has become immense which ensures the satisfaction of the employees in the company and also builds the
improved performance at the store.

2. Two other organizational examples for comparing the different styles of leadership and management approaches and evaluating the
impact decisions making
Leadership is about influencing, motivating and inspiring people. It is mainly concerned about coaching and developing the
people and treating them with respect. Leaders usually seek to create the strong teams, and committed people for establishing the
organizational goals. Examples of two organisation are Tesco and .
Tesco is the customer oriented business. It aims to offer the wide variety of the products which provide the value for the
money to the consumers to deliver high quality services . Tesco aims in developing the leadership qualities of the people from
administrators, customer assistants, and of the board of directors. The company follows the autocratic and authoritarian style where
the leaders guide the workforce to work on their operations. This gives the business the clear directions. This approach us valuable
when the business faces the urgent problem and which requires urgent and immediate response. As Steffen is the leader of Tesco, this
leadership style it allows the company managers to make most of the operational decisions. For instance, an accident occurs in the
store, the manager take immediate actions which ensures in controlling and coordinated response.
Also the company is also using some more of the leadership approaches for involving the participation of the point. The laissez
fair approach is also used by the company manager where the manager trusts the teams for taking the appropriate decision-making or
the actions taken for the agreeing the broad boundaries. As for example Tesco program manager for education and skills in the UK
might leave an experienced departmental manager to develop a training budget. This is mainly adopted because the program manager
trust the other manger that the individual has the good knowledge of the needs of the department and of the business access. Where the
managers reserve the right to persuade the final decision. Mostly the companies follow the democratic approach of management as for
instance the company is planning for the major stock reduction programme, the manager further encourages his team to put the few
ideas and develop plans. This will increases team motivation and also the creativity.
On contrary Morrison the fourth largest, private limited with 494 supermarkets chain in UK. The leadership styles being
followed by Morrisons mainly include the opportunist style of leadership because the company is continuously seeking and exploiting

the opportunities to develop the large store in the good locations. This style is being regarded as somewhat aggressive and
overconfident. A shift in this style is being observed from overconfident and aggressive to goal oriented. The company started
obtaining various sources more than its competitors in order to become the UK food specialist annually. With this style the company
has lost many safe ways staff, which believes in the organization for better.
Also the company has adopted the goal driven approach for propelling towards success. This approach will promote the quality
improvement, also increases the profitability. The company also offers and promotes more than 50 new products. The skills and
possessions being possessed by the workforce will continue to serve the organization with this approach. Hierarchical structure being
followed by the company her the BOD are responsible for approving and monitoring the progress towards achieving the objectives.
Also, the Morrisons mangers follow the collaborative style where it believes that the involving extensively employees In making the
decisions will result In the best ownership (Liang and et.al, 2021). The company has offered helping hand to the suppliers at the time
of train. At the time when the outbreak of virus has allowed the company in temporarily set aside its Standard payment to move in
support with the supply chain. Due to collaboration the company has builder the stronger supplier relationships at greater level of trust
although operating with the most of the expensive firms, this supermarket boat greater confidence in the supply chain and builds the
ability to meet the demand fluctuations.
3. Different leadership and management approaches taken to evaluate the impact of leadership and management on organizational
culture and performance
Management approaches are used to direct the and control the organization. Management approach are used for identifying the
types of technologies used, degree of complexity being faced in various programs, the process of time framed being involved for
transitioning particular project. There are different types of management approaches being followed by the management in
organizations mainly includes authoritative approach, persuasive approach, pacesetting approach, coercive approach, consultative
approach, participative approach, collaborative ap porch, transformational approach.

The management empirical approach being followed by Sainsbury where it helps the management and the team members to
understand the basic principles which helps in certain cases of business (Sainsbury Plc history, profile and history video, 2021). By
using this approach also helps in identifying the success and failure of the corporate business.
The company also follows the interpersonal, group and cooperative approach as this helps the company in building the
interpersonal relationships with the team members which enhances in building the good cultural environment, also the behaviour
approach is ascertaining the behaviour of the people in the organization.
The change management approach is also being followed by the company, as for managing the company needs to resist
change. This practice is mainly followed for communicating the change, side lining the resistance being occurred and further
transferring the authority and rewards to the change agents.
Also the company follows the matrix structure approach for organizational design. It combines with the functional
specialization which focuses on the divisional structure. Employees belonging with the matrix structure involves into at least same
formal groups at same tines, it can be in the product, program and project team. By following this structure helps in increasing the
motivation, and also allows technical and management training across various areas (Hamilton, 2020). This structure has also helped
Sainsbury to focus on the number of the aims at the same times, and gives the flexibility to respond to the new market which increases
the demand and performance of the company.
Various leadership approaches being used by the organization because these helps in changing the company and making active
choices among the various alternatives available, and depends upon the further development by mobilizing the workforce for getting
the work done. Approaches of leadership mainly includes the value based approach, situational, participatory, transformational,
servant and situational. The company follows the transformational leadership approach in which it involves improving the morale
of the individuals for the job performance of the team members by connecting with the sense of identity for the company (Top,
Abdullah and Faraj, 2020). The transformative leader is visionary individual who helps in inspiring others and encouraging team work
which enhances the culture and critical thinking for innovation.

PPT
CONCLUSION
From the report it can be concluded that leaders are bold personalities which inspires, support the teams for working creatively
and confidently towards achieving the goal. Mangers are the individuals responsible for managing, directing workforce towards the
right direction. The transactional and transformational theories of leadership are used by company the which influences the company
operations in the decision-making process and also impacted at various levels at the operating levels. Also, the company uses various
management and leadership approaches for monitoring and evaluating various alternatives for making the best choices in decision-
making for the organization.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ausloos, M., 2020. Valuation Models Applied to Value-Based Management—Application to the Case of UK Companies with
Problems. Forecasting. 2(4). pp.549-565.
Berkovich, I. and Eyal, O., 2021. Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and moral reasoning. Leadership and Policy
in Schools. 20(2). pp.131-148.
Dyczkowska, J. and Dyczkowski, T., 2018. Democratic or autocratic leadership style? Participative management and its links to
rewarding strategies and job satisfaction in SMEs. Athens Journal of Business & Economics. 4(2). pp.193-218.
Hamilton, J., 2020. The strategic change matrix and business sustainability across COVID-19. Sustainability. 12(15). p.6026.
Liang, Y. and et.al 2021, June. Towards A Goal-driven Dynamic Configuration approach of Business Process Models. In 2021 IEEE
4th Advanced Information Management, Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC). (Vol. 4.
pp. 336-340). IEEE.
Top, C., Abdullah, B. M. S. and Faraj, A. H. M., 2020. Transformational leadership impact on employees performance. Eurasian
Journal of Management & Social Sciences. 1(1). pp.49-59.
Online
Sainsbury Plc history, profile and history video. 2021. Online Available Through: <https://www.companieshistory.com/j-sainsbury/>
Sainsbury Plc Leadership Style. 2021. [Online] Available Through : <https://circlebizz.com/management/sainsbury-plc-leadership-
and-management-style/>

Notes:
Expectancy-
According to this term, employees may expect to obtain desire outcomes, and leader may consider this expectation, which
enable them to provide those tasks to each candidate that in turn provide or fulfil desire need such as monetary or non-
monetary benefits.
Instrumentality-
This term drives the attention of leaders and managers toward appraising employees for what they did and what they do for
company in term of hard work. They may contribute to enhance their motivation level and manage performance in term of
providing performance appraisal as such an amazing gifts.

Valence-
They may take approaches to provide work or working hour flexibility, which people prefer to obtain as a reward once in a
week after workload situation that enhance performance and productivity to candidates positively.
Notes:
Physiological needs-
Leader may motivate employees, manage their performance and improve their productivity, in term of fulfilling basis needs
of candidates. They may take action to provide basic need to each candidate which enable them to survive either personally or
professionally.
Safety-

Once the basis needs are fulfilled, safety need among employees within supermarket comes into the picture, which driven the
attention of manager and leader to offer them EFO, PF and other workplace or health safety benefits. Their efforts in turn
enhance motivation of people and give them reason to improve their performance even better than last few weeks or months.
Love or belonging-
Leaders in Sainsbury's may motivate people, increase their performance and enhance the extent which may contribute to
achieve aim and set objectives of venture. In order to gain all these benefits, they may take action to respect the norms and
believes as well as thoughts of employees and take into consideration during process of decision-making.
Esteem-
The fulfilment of above three essential needs, employees may also expect to fulfil their esteem needs. Their self-confidence,
respect and worth may give them feeling of power which they used to achieve aim and vision of Sainsbury's.
Self-actualization-
The honesty, support and strategic directions as well as approaches of leader may boost morale of employees and makes them
a productive person who are able to reach desire outcomes and provide benefits to all stakeholders.
Performance management and continuous improvement approaches
Training & development, performance appraisal and positive working environment are one of those methods that leader & manager
may take into their consideration for purpose of improving staffs performance in Sainsbury's.

Notes:
Situational leadership-
• It may enable the leader of Sainsbury's to perform in productive and profitable manner in form of enhancing employees
performance, which is quite beneficial for them to do so.
• They may take approach to solve their issues after considering and identifying the reason behind an issue occurrence.
• It can be said that leadership approaches like chosen one may play vital role in supporting candidate's performance in form of
making leaders able to consider the needs of employees and take approach to solve their problems.
• Their efforts and hard work, may give them power to retain and acquire new candidates at workplace, who are able to achieve
strategic goals & objectives.

Contingency-
• It may allow manager and drive their attention toward finding the reason behind any specific situation that may put negative
impact on staffs work and effectiveness.
• Their form of consideration permit them to develop the best technique and approach and then used to obtain desire as well as
positive outcomes.

Notes:
• Leader and manager take efforts to implement motivation strategy in term of considering performance and productivity of
candidates, which may give them clear overview about which employee is suitable to get this reward.
• As the tactic is based on how people work in workplace and what they did to make their firm profitable.
• It may include, commission, cash awards, gift cards, bonuses and more, that enhance motivation and performance as well as
drive the concentration to each candidate to improve their skills rapidly, which enable them to get these benefits.
• This strategy may aid to retain talented employees in Sainsbury's and also allow them to promote the pleasant environment out
of firm where more candidates are accessible and able to work better.

• In turn this tactic may contribute to achieve organizational aims and objectives and give management motive to stand strong
and competitive in the retail industry.
• Furthermore, leader may include more terms in same tactic such as respecting cultural and organizational variable.
• It may enable them to develop a plan according to that people take approach to celebrate each and every cultural function,
which aid to create positive work environment that retain people and achieve goal of supermarket.

Notes:
Online
• The 5 Levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. 2021. [Online]. Available Through: <verywellmind.com/what-is-maslows-
hierarchy-of-needs-4136760>
• Theories of Motivation. 2021. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.rbiguru.com/theories-of-motivation/#Vrooms_Expectancy_Theory>