Principles, Theories and Models of Learning and Education

The report analyses the principles, theories and models of learning and education, including pedagogical principles, ways of planning and delivering inclusive teaching, use of innovative approaches and models for communication and assessment. It also covers behaviour management, creating a safe, inclusive teaching and learning environment, and individual goals and learning preferences. The report provides a scheme of work and teaching and learning plans for business management.

Principles, theories
and models of learning
and education

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK A...........................................................................................................................................4
a) Analyse the application of pedagogical principles..................................................................4
b) Analyse ways in which minimum core elements can be demonstrated in planning,
delivering and assessing inclusive teaching and learning............................................................5
c) Evaluate the effectiveness of the use of creative and innovative approaches.........................6
d) Explain how own practice in planning of teaching has taken account in principles and
models of learning, communication and assessment...................................................................6
TASK B...........................................................................................................................................7
a) Analyse theory of behaviour management..............................................................................7
b) Explain how own practice in creating and maintaining a safe, inclusive teaching and
learning environment of theories of behaviour management......................................................8
TASK C...........................................................................................................................................9
a) Individual goals and learning preferences...............................................................................9
b) Scheme of work.....................................................................................................................11
c) Teaching and learning plans..................................................................................................11
e) Established and sustained a staff...........................................................................................11
f) Designed resources................................................................................................................11
g) Demonstrate flexibility and adaptability...............................................................................11
h) Ways to promote equality and value diversity in own teaching............................................12
i) Assessments to meet individual needs of learners.................................................................12
j) Flexibility and adaptability.....................................................................................................12
k) Use of assessment data..........................................................................................................12
l) Applied the minimum core elements.....................................................................................12
m) Communicated with learners................................................................................................13

n) Communicated assessment information to other professionals............................................13
TASK D Reflective Account.........................................................................................................13
a) Explain how own delivery of inclusive teaching and learning has taken account of theories,
principles and models of learning and communication.............................................................13
b) Explain how own assessment practices has taken account of theories, models and principles
of assessment.............................................................................................................................14
c) Evaluate the effectiveness of own practice in planning, delivering and assessing inclusive
teaching and learning using theories and models of reflection..................................................15
d) Analyse ways to improve own practices in planning, delivering and assessing inclusive
teaching and learning.................................................................................................................16
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERNCES:................................................................................................................................17
Books and Journals:...................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
The report aims to analyse teaching theories and principles which helps in enabling
effective education. Teaching and education practices require much planing and delivering
important facts and information to the students. It require various principles and knowledge of
teaching models so that, the students drive best knowledge. The report is going to provide
pedagogical principles, ways of planning and delivering inclusive teaching, use of innovative
approaches and models for communication and assessment (Barton, 2018). Also, there will be
discussion about behaviour management and building safe educating environment. The report
will prepare scheme of work and portfolio for teaching in own area of specialism i.e. business
management. At last, a reflection will be provided on the core value and elements of own
teaching practices.
TASK A
a) Analyse the application of pedagogical principles.
Pedagogy is a method of teaching which enables the aims and targets of education so that
all the practices will be carry out in the same manner. Pedagogical principles are necessary to
apply during teaching which will ascertain that students are gaining knowledge as per the
curriculum. As per this method of teaching, the students gets the most attention while delivering
the training and education. The main pedagogical principles are inclusion, motivation, quality
assurance and innovative approaches. The application of these principles in own area of business
management is applied below:
Inclusion: as per this principle, every student has equal right to gain higher education. In
own area of business management, inclusive principles is applied by welcoming students who
belongs to different background, culture and religion.
Motivation: the students are required to motivate in order to learn and grab knowledge
effectively. In business and management, there will be interesting facts and case studies provided
to assure that students take interest and participate in learning individually.
Quality assurance: as per this principles, the teachers need to focus on the quality of
work submitted by the students. Setting a level and standard is necessary to enable high
development of student. In business and management, quality assurance is necessary which
could be check through giving assignments and projects (Mertova, and Webster, 2019).

Innovative approaches: Innovative approaches of teaching are vital to grab student
interest in the student. In business and management, there is requirement of innovative practices
through group studies, using online teaching effectively and create a holistic environment of
learning.
Figure 15 Principles for Effective Pedagogy
Source: https://medium.com/@NisaiLearning/5-principles-for-effective-pedagogy-
8d8ba1130430
b) Analyse ways in which minimum core elements can be demonstrated in planning, delivering
and assessing inclusive teaching and learning.
Teaching is the crucial process for both students and the teacher. There are various ways
and elements which needs to be taken into consideration to enable growth and development of
the students. Every work require effective planning and implementation of the same to achieve
goals and targets. Similarly, in teaching practice planing is crucial in order to cover all the
information, topic and sessions related with the business management. In own area of specialism,
this could be done through setting goals and curriculum which will set to be a plan. All the

actions and teaching practice will be deliver as per the plans. Inclusive teaching and learning is
all about start with the basic requirement of the individuals and learn from the guidance and
books (Mockler, and Stacey, 2021). The teacher needs to first reflect on the student behaviour
and capabilities. By understanding their nature, they could easily enable effective teaching
method so that, every students gets appropriate knowledge and pass the examination through
own capabilities.
Figure 2Bloom’s Taxonomy
Source: https://fctl.ucf.edu/teaching-resources/course-design/blooms-taxonomy/
c) Evaluate the effectiveness of the use of creative and innovative approaches.
Creative and innovative approaches of learning is a part of teaching method. Innovation
is necessary in education field in order to grab interest and attention of the student. The more
teacher will use creative approaches to make the students learn, the more they will remember the
concepts and apply it in practical learning. In own area of business and management, the
business and management might sometimes get a boring topic and not likely involve student

attention. But as a teacher, using good ways demonstrate the concepts and make use of digital
technologies. It would be helpful to make the students learn better.
d) Explain how own practice in planning of teaching has taken account in principles and models
of learning, communication and assessment.
The own practice of planning of teaching is depended on the theories and models of
learning and assessments. The teaching practices are the combination of various methods and
projects which helps in understanding the students and their mind development. Good
communication methods like verbal and written are both necessary in the education. This way,
the students will be able to clearly understand the things and transfer their thoughts and ideas in
well manner. Communication and assessment is necessary for the value and relationship which
will be created at the classroom level (Springer.Pietsch, 2020). Also, the assessments helps In
analysing student performance and metal development over the topics so that, better actions
would taken into consideration. There are various types of assessments such as formative and
summative. It involve presentation, group acts, quizzes and problem finding. These assessments
are helpful in clearly acknowledge growth of students in business and management. The models
of learning such as kolb, VARK are effective in checking on won performance and analyse the
areas of improvements. The three models of communication are linear, interactional and
transactional. These models helps in serving information and guide students by using better
channels, voice and tone.
Figure 35E Model of Instruction
Source: https://ngss.sdcoe.net/Evidence-Based-Practices/5E-Model-of-Instruction

TASK B
a) Analyse theory of behaviour management
Behaviour management is the process of reinforce learners to make positive choices that
are advantageous for learning. Behaviour management is the ongoing and complex process. In
the past, behaviour management was the process and a way of disciplining students. However,
several techniques are used by teacher to improve relationship with their classes. The
behavioural management theory is also called human relations movement. The aim for
behavioural theory is to develop better understanding among educator and students. Management
theories are important because they help to focus, communicate and grow. Learning about
management theory and putting into consideration help enhance communication between
educator and students (Vattøy, and Smith, 2019). Behaviour management theory that were
concerned with addressing inter personnel needs. Here, are two types of behaviour management
theories:
Human relation theory: This theory help to develop relations among the personnel present in
the surroundings. By giving personal attendance to every student, educator develop healthy
relation in the classroom.
Behavioural science theory: tThis theory focus on the physiological and sociological that
influence students performance in the classroom. The behavioural science theory believes that
every student has play an important role in classroom. If an educator successfully communicate
with each and every student can motivate them to perform well in class.


Figure 4behavioural investment theory
Source: Barton, G., 2018.
b) Explain how own practice in creating and maintaining a safe, inclusive teaching and learning
environment of theories of behaviour management.
According to theories, anyone can be turned something on to behave well. An educator
need to do is teach the students, to associate some behaviour with negative result and other with
positive result. An educator role is not only to impart lesson and delivering content to the
students but also to supervise the educational activities perfectly. Schools are confronting an
increase in number of behavioural issues. Today's educator and commanding understand that the
majority of students have behavioural problems. Behavioural management theories offers
benefits and suitability to cope up the behavioural issues of students. Here, are some
advantageous of management theories in learning environment.

Sustain orderly environment in the classroom: With the help of behaviour management
theories an educator maintain appropriate behaviour of learners in the classroom. Also make the
entire learning environment orderly and full of discipline.
Facilitate social and emotional growth: Student develop best when classroom environment is
peaceful. By managing behaviour in classroom an educator develop the learning habits in the
students get them more engaged in the studies.
Reduce negative behaviour in students: An educator maintain discipline among students by
setting rules. These rules help to reduce unwanted behaviours of students. Behaviour
management theories help to monitor various activities of students.
Build trust and strong relationship: When behaviour management is established and
followed, students understand that they are all being measured against the same set rules. When
those rules applied constantly, student build greatest trust with the teachers and with their
classmates.
Recognise behaviour disorder: When behaviour management is established the educator
will identify problematic behaviour among students. By setting guidelines and rules an educator
easily handle such situation.
TASK C
a) Individual goals and learning preferences
An effective behaviour management is very important for learning. There are several teachers
who are indulged in providing knowledge through using teaching styles. There are various
theories associated with behaviour management which are mentioned below –
Operant conditioning theory – It is concluded that learning is a changing process and there are
various behaviours which are taken into account while managing the case within different
environment. Reinforcement includes feeling of accomplishment, praise and good grades. It is a
model which is used in different teaching environment.
Choice theory – This is known as state where behaviour is chosen. There are basically five basic
needs. Main factors are sense of belonging and love. These are used for fulfilling the demands
and needs of the environment. Managers as well as tutors have the ability for working hard and
be obedient in the way they are working. Teachers have inclusive practise associated with
positive attitude and development of relevant learning skills.

key features and benefits of an inclusive learning environment
The Inclusive learning environment is basically defined as esteem requirements. This
includes that students are provided effective knowledge regarding all subjects. There is need to
have potential learning related towards the management of preference and developing era..
Figure 5Barton, G., 2018.
Source:https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?
id=138668&section=6.1
key features and benefits
The inclusive practise of learning is involved in managing the operations in effective
manner. There are different teaching approaches used for managing work properly. There are
different students who have to be taught. There is need for developing bond and relation with

learners in order to make them understand whole process effectively. There is need to enhance
involvement of parents within learning abilities of students as it helps to maximise the efficiency
of education sector.
b) Scheme of work
Ways to promote equality and value diversity
Promoting equality and diversity at workplace will enhance encouragement and motivation.
There is need to manage and accept various factors associated with learning skills. There are
different ways for promoting equality and diversity at workplace which are mentioned below -
 Treating fairly affective liaison between professionals involved in inclusive practice
equally to all the staff and students.
 Making sure all the policy will not discriminate anyone.
 Setting up standard objectives of how to treat different people.
 Reflection of diversity in the lessons of the students.
c) Teaching and learning plans
Ensuring all students get the opportunities for engagement in cultural feast.
Colleague discussion: I had also discussed this quora in college with other colleague who can
relate to education of students to ascertain their goals. d) Opportunities for learners
Bringing positive change: During quota, I had measured many challenges in the environment of
education that can influence learning in subjective context. It usually affects the educational level
negatively and changes the learning process in the education system.
e) Established and sustained a staff
Helps of other professionals and help of other colleagues is being done.
f) Designed resources
Use of various resources is being undertaken which helps in promoting learning in a well define
and effective manner.
g) Demonstrate flexibility and adaptability
I had also facilitated various case studies to give guidance to my students with essential content
with relevant data for provide various opportunities to the students so that they can put their
skills in decision making process.

h) Ways to promote equality and value diversity in own teaching
Collaborating with other to improve individual performance: In working in with same field
improves the individual performance and helps to learn new skills and techniques to value the
factors that prevailed students and teachers like communication, coordination and cooperation.
Strategies of learning: The learning strategies are known in terms of students that are engaged in
various factor of specialising and setting the match with techniques and methods which are
centred with an intense interaction in between the teacher and student of developing a sense of
skill, knowledge and abilities in respect with their work schedule. It is known as the procedure
that had acquired by the essential knowledge to build the quota of ability and skills, collaborative
and communication skills, sense of knowledge and to develop an analytical standard.
i) Assessments to meet individual needs of learners
I did facilitate many solutions and decisions on the basis of discussion with students upon the
information that can be applied by them in a proper manner.
j) Flexibility and adaptability
Learning Assessment- This is also an effective strategy of inclusive learning objectives that help
in achieving the professional objective. This refers to an effective approach for inclusive
practice. Along with this use of digital learning is done to promote flexibility.
k) Use of assessment data
Review strategies for effective liaison between professionals involved in inclusive practice.
Mentoring- Teachers is an important part of mentoring in comprehensive practice. It helps in
developing the effective relationship along with the goals of professional as well as personal
development. This concept includes professional and emotional sentiments.
l) Applied the minimum core elements
Protector Role- It is an essential procedure that must be follows because teachers understanding
and monitoring the trouble sign is changes due to the effective behaviour of student.
Identify children disability- It is required to identify disability students in classroom within their
inclusive practice.

Acquiring skills- This will make teachers to develop various interactive programs that help
students to develop and acquire skills. This will also help students to intensify their personality
through their developing skills.
Curriculum design- Supplement learning should be created through special education in order to
enhance curriculum design that enhance learning objectives in effective manner.
Effectiveness of inclusive teaching strategies - Formal and informal assessment from your
teachers: I have been try to do the test of teachers in statistical manner. The tests are important
for me in order to understand the procedure of educations as it is essential for the future of
teachers for providing effective teaching to their students. I have also analysed standardized
measures that can be used to enhance the whole procedures of achievements in case of teachers
in effective manner.
m) Communicated with learners
With the discussed ponts with the students had provided methods and standardised techniques
which can help to guide the students.
n) Communicated assessment information to other professionals
It has been communicated to other professionals that it is essential that no student can be directly
or indirectly discriminated on the basis of age, gender, disability, cultural believe etc
TASK D Reflective Account
a) Explain how own delivery of inclusive teaching and learning has taken account of theories,
principles and models of learning and communication
The different models and practices are used by me in my teaching in order to develop
better practices. The process can help me to implement better communication process in daily
routine practices. With the regular use of theories and models I was more aware of the process
that can help me to meet teaching and communication requirements in daily practices. Inclusive
practice and the behaviourist theory had had helped in simplified learning through observance
and correct answers. With the help of these models such as social constructivism, experimental
learning and multiple intelligence, etc.

b) Explain how own assessment practices has taken account of theories, models and principles of
assessment
With the use of various models and theories I was able to get valid results for the
assessments and projects that are given to the students. I used the models and theories that helped
me to create and develop projects that could be useful for better assessment of skills of the
students. The assessment would be equitable, explicit and transparent with the help of the
principles, theories and models. The use of models and practices helps to support learning among
the students and enhance learning by being effective in their teaching.
Figure 6:Principles of assessment
Source:https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/Toolbox/retail/toolbox/index.htm?unit_aw/concepts/
awc0203.htm
c) Evaluate the effectiveness of own practice in planning, delivering and assessing inclusive
teaching and learning using theories and models of reflection
In this module I had learnt about different aspects of understanding the various ways of
communication that helps in the process of communication. I had examined and understood the
challenges that occurs while delivering the lectures to the students and the communication

challenges. With the help of Gibbs Model I was able to have a better experience of the role of
different aspects in teaching. I understood the different communication models that would be
helpful to me in the future and it is related with the way I develop understanding of a theory and
focusing on the learning that is essential to guide. The learning through the module have been
very useful for me and it would be helpful for my career growth with the help of better learning
and communication abilities. With the help of proper communication I was able to deliver
lessons quickly and make the children understood about the texts.
Figure 7: Gibbs reflective cycle
Source: https://expertprogrammanagement.com/2019/05/gibbs-reflective-cycle/
d) Analyse ways to improve own practices in planning, delivering and assessing inclusive
teaching and learning
I understood that I had been very good at the communication with the students but I
noticed lack of time management due to perfection. I understood that the management of time
and curriculum is essential so that I could complete the course on time and prepare students for
their examinations. I noticed that I had been lacking with the time as I was not able to complete
the syllabus on time before examinations which created rush for me. Due to the improper and
inadequate time management I was at rush when exams comes nearby and this declines the
ability to teach students efficiently.

CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that teaching theories and principles that
significantly aid students or learners in having benefit of effective education. Report states that
management theories plays essential role because they help to focus, communicate and grow.
Learning about management theory and putting into consideration help enhance communication
between educator and students. From this report it has been stated that there is need for
developing bond and relation with learners in order to make them understand whole process
effectively and to enhance involvement of parents within learning abilities of students as it helps
to maximise the efficiency of education sector. This significantly helps in developing learning
efficiency in a well define and effective manner.

REFERNCES:
Books and Journals:
Barton, G., 2018. Music learning and teaching in culturally and socially diverse contexts:
Implications for classroom practice.
Mertova, P. and Webster, L., 2019. Using narrative inquiry as a research method: An
introduction to critical event narrative analysis in research, teaching and professional
practice. Routledge.
Mockler, N. and Stacey, M., 2021. Evidence of teaching practice in an age of accountability:
when what can be counted isn’t all that counts. Oxford Review of Education, 47(2),
pp.170-188.
Springer.Pietsch, J., 2020. Teaching and learning mathematics together: Bringing collaboration
to the centre of the mathematics classroom. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Vattøy, K.D. and Smith, K., 2019. Students' perceptions of teachers' feedback practice in
teaching English as a foreign language. Teaching and Teacher Education, 85, pp.260-
268.
Ibragimovna, R.M., 2022. Some Principles of Teaching Foreign Languages. Eurasian Scientific
Herald, 4, pp.92-95.