Management and Operation Analysis

The assignment provided is an analysis of management and operation systems, which includes a list of references to books and journals related to the topic. The references cover a wide range of subjects, including climate variability, energy management, project management, and port operation. The document aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of management and operation principles and practices.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
a) Definitions of a leader and manager.......................................................................................1
b) Comparisons of the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers..................................3
c) & d) Role of leader and function of manager in McDonald with some example...................6
e) Different leadership model......................................................................................................8
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Management and operation for a organisation is related to design, execute and control
various activities and utilize resources into specific goods and services. All these procedure help
to implement organisation's strategy and planning in appropriate manner. Through this process
employees contribute their services to convert raw material and labour in quality product and
service for customers and its satisfaction (Ale, 2010). This management process is used to
acquire effective cost with revenue to attain highest net profit easily. This project report is based
on two different organisation as McDonald which is a food industry and was established in the
year of 1940 by Richard and Maurice McDonald. In other hand second industry is Amazon
which is a e-commerce organisation founded in the year of 1994 by Jeff Bezos. This project
report represents role and characteristic of manager and leader and its affect in different
situational context. It includes different leadership theories and various key approaches to
operation management. At last it determine impact of business environment upon management
activities.
TASK 1
a) Definitions of a leader and manager
In McDonald manager and leader provides their contribution to attain organisation's
desired objective and goal effectively. They both are very different to each other as -
Manager – Manager is a person who create organisation's objective and vision to get
success in future. They are work to create, organise, implement, monitor and control business
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activities properly. In firm, manager make strategy to utilize all resources properly and get
effective productivity easily. Manager of organisation belongs to work oriented approaches who
expects more revenue over their products and services. They perform to manage all program in
systematic form and to control unnecessary activities from their workplace (Baboli, 2014).
Leader – They are the individual personality of organisation who adopts unique quality
to lead on people in appropriate manner. Leader is play a most important role in organisation to
motivate other employees or provide them proper guideline to achieve future goals accurately.
They works to enhance employees skill and working ability to attain various challenges easily.
Through their guideline, employee's create their own strategy to achieve organisation's objective
in effective manner. Leader build positive and working environment in work place their working
staff to make them more comfortable with management or other staff members.
Difference between leader and manager -
Manger and leader of organisation plays different role to attain organisation's objective in
appropriate manner. There is a difference between manager and leader of McDonald such as -
Manager Leader
Manger of McDonald is provide their service
to create organisation's objective and goal to
get higher success.
Leader provide their services to motivate
employees and provide them proper guideline
and direction to achieve organisation's
objective.
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Manger build various strategy and planning for
their working approaches.
Leader implement all these planing in
appropriate manner.
Manager are work oriented. Leaders are task oriented.
They are work to attain higher success and
build competitive activities in market.
They are provides various services in
motivational skill for their employees.
b) Comparisons of the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers
Manger and leaders are very different to each other same as their role and characteristic
also distinguished them from another one. But the main objective of them is to achieve business
objective easily through their own and workforces working contribution (Branch, 2012). There is
brief compression between manager and leader's role and features such as -
Role of Manager Role of the Leaders
There are various role managers such as -
 Create a goal – Manager of
organisation is work to create
organisation's objective and goal to get
higher success in future. It is the one
most important activity of organisation
that helps to build their own image in
target market and in front of
There are various role leader such as -
 Monitoring- Leader of organisation is
work to monitor and analyse business
activities and employees skill to
enhance them properly. In this process
they monitor business activity and
control necessary business approaches
to build and create positive working
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consumers. All the business activities
are implemented manager's this
working approach.
environment. Through this process they
identify employees skill and working
approach to adopt different task easily.
 Organise – Manager of McDonald
organise their business activity in
proper manner. In this process they
provide various task to employees
according to their skills and working
capacity. It is core process in which
manager make effective plan to
contribute different kind of work to
able person in business organisation
(Burke, 2013).
 Provide training – This is
responsibility of leader to provide
effective training to their employees
after monitoring their skills and
working ability. Through this process
they improve their interpersonal skill
and working capacity to attain
organisation's objective easily. Training
and learning is a need of employees and
organisation to get effective outcome of
employees services.
 Decision making skill – This is a role
of manager to to make appropriate
decision according trio organisation's
need. For this manager needs to be
more skilled and experience who can
easily take effective decision after
 Communicate – It is quality of a leader
that they effectively communicate with
their employee to reduce barriers and
conflicts from organisation. Through
this process they can easily build a
positive relation with employees to
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analyse situation. In this process
manager needs to be impartial who
provides effective decision and build
positive relation between employees.
reduce their problem by providing
proper solution. Through this process
they made comfort zone for employee
who can easily convey their problems
to leader.
Different features of leader and manager -
Features of the Manger Features of Leader
 Discipline – This is a quality of
manager that they have to be more
punctual and disciplined by
organisation's working activities to
provide effective guideline to their
workforce. In this process discipline
need to be in time management activity,
dress code of employees, leave and
holiday as well as work oriented
activities (Chen, 2011).
 Inspiring behaviour – Leader of
organisation needs to be more inspiring
who can easily motivate their
employees toward various goal and
working approaches. Main objective of
leader is to build effective strategy and
planning to manage different working
approaches to get effective outcomes
easily. Through this process they can
easily motivate employees to attain
different challenges easily of market.
 Commitment – Manger of company is  Confident in their working
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create various activities for their
products or services as well as
employees welfare. So they need to be
very passionate and strict in their
decision toward whole organisation, its
objectives and overall activities.
approaches – It is a quality of leader
that they have to be more confident in
their working skills because they work
to implement all the planning and
strategy of manager properly. Through
this process they can easily provide
appropriate direction and guideline to
staff members.
c) & d) Role of leader and function of manager in McDonald with some example
A business organisation always attain higher success through effective contribution of
their employees. In this process manager and leader contribute different service in organisation
to get effective outcomes easily. They both are very different to each other but their objective
and motivates are almost same toward company and employees.
Role of leader – For McDonald, leader are provides their services to attain organisation's
objective clearly. Leaders are having various kind of role in organisation and they have to
perform such in right prospect -
 To provide directions – Leader of organisation is working for their employees and
facilitates them suitable path way which helps them in performing their assigned task and
project and capture organisational and individual objective. Through their direction and
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guidelines employees of McDonald provide their effective services to customers (Cruz,
2011).
 Communicator - Leaders are best communicators as they are provides every
informations which are framed and generated by top level of management. Leaders are
have signify ability to make a person understand and boost their morale. For it is very
important that they use effective communication skill to provide effective direction to
other employees clearly. This process will helps to reduce conflicts and barriers from
organisation and build positive working environment easily.
 Monitoring and controlling – As it is important to monitor organisation's activities in
appropriate manner to get a brief information for various area that needs more efficiency
for future objective. Through this process leader of organisation monitor various working
approaches of their employees top providing effective training and learning to them
according to their own and organisation's need.
Functions of a manager – manager is a individual of organisation who create vision and
objectives for company that employees need to attain effectively. There are various kind of
function of manager are given below such as -
 Planning – This is one most important function of manager in which they plan various
organisational activity to get higher success easily. Manager's plan and strategy needs to
be more effective that helps to get competitive advantages easily. For example manager
of McDonald make various plan and strategy to provide quality products to their
customers in effective cost. Through this planning their organisation make their own
reputation in target market after facing strong competition (Expósito, 2016).
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 Organising – This function of manger includes implementation of various planning that
they done for their organisation. In this process manager organise various business
activities to attain future goal and objective effectively. Through this process they
allocate various task to their employees according to their skills and working capacity.
For example manager of McDonald can easily utilize various resources to get effective
outcomes easily.
 Staffing – This is the function of manager to identify employees need for organisation
and conduct a recruitment process to get skilled and experience candidate for their
organisation. For example manager of McDonald conduct their staffing process to get
energetic employees who provides proper services. In this process they also provide them
effective training to understand organisation's objective and attain them properly.
 Coordinating – This is a most important function of manager in which they build
coordination between their staff member. This process helps to provide effective outcome
of manager's activities that lies with the implementation of best practices in organisation.
This process help to improve communication skill and leadership quality of a individual
easily. For example manager of McDonald can easily coordinate with their employees to
get effective outcome of their objective and strategies.
e) Different leadership model
In a business organisation different kind of leaders are provides their services to get
company's goal effectively. They helps to provide effective direction and guideline to their
employees to attain organisation's objective easily. Leaders are build various planning and
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strategy for McDonald to improve valuation of their products and services easily. Through this
approach employees improve their interpersonal skill and working capacity to providing
effective services to customers according to their demand and need. There are various kind of
responsibility of leader in McDonald as provide motivation to employees, monitoring their
working skills and capacity to providing effective training to them, provide specific direction and
guideline to attain effective organisation's goals. In a business organisation various kind of
leadership theories are required to fulfil organisation's ned easily. There are different type
leadership theories are given below such as -
Situational Leadership – These kind of theories are beneficial for those organisation
who adopt different kind of situation to attain organisation's objective easily. In this process
leader needs to adopt different attitude to face various situation properly. This process is
determine in two different situation such as primary and secondary. Primary situation determine
how leader face different situation to make effective planning and strategy and in secondary
approach leader implement their style and ideas to provide proper solution for those situation.
Main objective of all leadership theory is denote only one think that how a leader solve
organisation's task properly that help them to achieve future objectives properly (Fayol, 2016).
System Leadership- In this leadership style, leader manage their activities in a
systematic way to face various challenges easily. In this they monitor and analyse employee's
skill and their working capacity to provide the, effective task according to their ability and
working approaches. After this process they help to provide them appropriate training to develop
their interpersonal skill and working capacity that help them to face different kind of challenges
from target market. After this process or leadership skill organisation can easily get desired
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outcome in effective manner and their employees enhance their interpersonal skill properly. But
it is required need of this theory that their employees properly understand leaders direction and
guideline to get higher profit easily.
Contingency Leadership – This leadership style is closely related to situational
leadership approach because in this leader of organisation also make various strategy according
to different situation. In this process leader of organisation implement their strategy according to
different task as per company's and employees requirement. Situational and contingency
leadership theory is make some difference because in situational theory leaders are make various
planning according to specific situation and in contingency leaders are enhance their and
employees capability to face difficult situation easily.
TASK 2
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a) Explain the key approaches to operations management Managers and leaders are
continuously working on management and operation stages of organisation. It is a very
important and productive factor for Amazon to organise and manage their activity in an
effective manner. For achieving that they form various controlling, planning , improving
policies, and organising for getting higher purchase and productivity oh their products in
market place. These management objectives are are processed ans conducted in sight of getting
efficiency in production of services and products . Different theories are described below
Six sigma – Six sigma was formed in 19th Century by a famous management professor Carl
Fredrick grass. This process is used for improving quality and easing of operational activities
of an organisation. This can be achieved by reducing extra costing , rectifying errors and
management of time factor of organisation to fetch higher profitability and and productivity
easily. It is a very effective measure analytical tool but costly as well. Amazon must use their
effective marketing policy and and production service for reduction of wastages and extra
labours. By affectively using this process amazon can achieve a good business in different
market place
Just in time- this theory guides organisation to maintain dominance in market . The theory
determine about customer demand and analysing their need of certain products. The goal of
organisation is to satisfy products through fulfilling customers demand and getting their
feedback to improve their service in future. Through this process managers analyses things to
be changed in products and services to be given according to demand in market as well as
training to be given to increase profitability and productivity (Handschin, 2012).
Lean manufacturing – This theory defines the use of resources effectively by managers and
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employees and extract high profit and production at a particular time interval. This theory let
them understand how they can reduce extra cost and wastages which affect profitability and
productivity. The manufacturing and production unit must understand and note down which
factors are helpful in increasing productivity.
Queueing theory – the theory is dependent on both macro and micro factors of organisation
which affect all management activities and major operations. These operations includes
staffing,scheduling, management of inventory and controlling at their working places. This
theory has analysed both external an internal environment which help then in getting
competitive environment in market place.
b) Role of Amazons leaders and managers with regards to its operations management
Amazon bis largest e-commerce organisation which is deals to provide desired products and
service to their customers. So their manager and leaders are play various role to implement their
activities accurately-
Role of amazon leader – Leader of organisation needs to provide specific direction and
guideline to their employee which help them to attain organisation's objective easily. There are
various role of leader in amazon-
Motivational tool – Leader of organisation need to motivate their employee to attain
organisation's activities properly. In this process they analyse their skills and provides effective
training to enhance their working approaches (Lindström, 2012).
Create friendly relation – It is important for a leader to build friendly relation with their
workforce to solve their problems easily and provide them effective solution easily. Through
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this process leader can easily build trust in their mind.
Role of amazon manager – There are various role of manager who provides their services to
manage effective activity in organisation such as-
Understand recruitment need- In this process manager of the organisation need to understand
in which department they needs employees currently because when organisation faces financial
loose they would not be able to provide salary to various employees before they do not earn
good revenue.
Position description- After analysing that about recruitment need second step will be positions
description after that thy can easily classify various post to invite candidate for interview. This
will be helpful for employees and candidate to get better opportunity according to their ability
and experience.
c) Values and importance of operation management in achieving business objectives.
Operational management is a very important factor of organisation which helps them in
achieving future objectives and goals in effective manner. This process helps employee to easily
understand their role in organisation and how they can perform their services. Efficient
management of organisation helps in increasing their effectiveness in business environment .
For this Amazon uses different innovative ideas to get high profit from customers and provide
them satisfaction according to their expectation and needs.
Cost Reduction- This activity is used for attracting customers easily. A planned promotion
activity is used to get customer attention. The cost reduction practice helps them in providing
higher satisfaction and increase their purchasing power. Low cost can increase customer base in
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competitive market but for doing this they musk know to survive in market market. Reduction
of cost and giving discounts in certain occasions like festivals, end of year sale etc.
Coordination- this process suggests that managers must need to manage their coordination and
behaviour accordingly which are very understandable ans acceptable. This process generally
focus on motivation of employee toward their work hence increase in their capability in work
place. The mentor should be calm and composed and must understand their employee . They
must have a good decision making ability as well as able to resolve conflicts and disputes as
soon as possible apart prom this managers wants coordination among management staff for
facing tough situations (Lisi, 2010).
Reduce wastages – For increasing productivity they must gain high productivity from minimal
resources for doing this they must work upon improving management activity. Wastage also
leads to increase in costing level of products as well as need large amount of labour. Skills also
plays an important role, skilled labours are asserts to an organisation. Wastage is not only
restricted to wastage of material but also skills , labours,wastage of resources, electricity ,
asserts and raw material which directly hamper supply policy of organisation.
Utilisation of manpower - This process explains utilisation of resources for services and
products. Manager has the role to understand availability of labour and resources for firms as
well as their availability in their new production plans and according to their need and want. It
is also important to to understand their role and helping them out to get success in easier way.
Utilisation does not means exploitation but should be in an effective and respective way
d) Factors within the organisation that impacts on business of Amazon
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In today's modern world, business of any organisation is affected by so many internal
and external factors. These factors are called business environment. To manage these factors by
recognizing the potential threats and enhancing the internal strength are providing keys to
success of business operations. In context to business of Amazon, these factors are impacted as:
Internal Factors- These factors are under control of business organisation and it
impacts directly on the success and approaches of operations. It includes the factors which
affect the reputation of business. Some factors which affect Amazon's business operations are
described as- Customers- The clients are basic factors behind profit of company and manufacturing of
products are done according to preferences of customers. Amazon is onl8ine shopping
store then they have to provide better quality as well as manage time of delivering orders
to satisfy clients. Management- Arrangement of all activities of an organisation must be proper because it
impacts on output as well. Amazon have to improve its shipping services as people
prefer it due to fast delivery and better quality otherwise they will adopt some other
online shopping applications.
 Employees- Every firm is trying to take care of its clients' taste and choices but it is also
important to solve employees issues or problems also so that they can work properly and
retain in them in the organisation (Ming, 2013).
External Factors- These factors are not in control of organisation but still they can
affect operational aspects and create problems. They may have different issues regarding
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quality of products and many more. Some of these factors are given below- Political and Legal factors- The firm have to maintain a record of all kind of legal
documents as proof to avoid legal issues. Whenever opening of alternate of any
organisation is needed then permission of legal authorities is mandatory. It also
includes to take care of all aspects which may harm rules of political parties so that they
will not create any public issue.
 Technological and Environmental Factors- Current technologies must be used by
amazon to provide better customers than other competitors then only people will prefer
this application fro online shopping. It is also important that due to manufacturing
aspects, they will not harm environment by using ozone-friendly packaging and
recycling of waste etc. (Neck, 2010).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that management and operational is a business
activity that used to manage , planning, organising and control organisation's activities easily. It
includes societal problems as there are many social authorities then Amazon have to sure that its
products or promotional activities will not harm their ethics and rules. The aspects of increasing
sales should not harm cultural believes of any community. Economic conditions of market
affects sales and profits of amazon.
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