Management and Operation Assignment Sample - Toyota

Management and
Operation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Roles and characteristics of leaders and managers...............................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2. How are roles of leaders and managers applicable in various situations..............................4
P3. Applying different models and theories of approach............................................................5
M2. Strengths and weaknesses of approaches to situations within work environment..............6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P4. Key approaches to operations management and role played by managers and leaders........7
P5. Importance of operations management in achieving business objectives............................8
M3. Leaders and managers improve efficiencies of operational management to meet business
objectives.....................................................................................................................................9
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P6. Factors of business environment affect operational management and decision-making by
leaders and manager....................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is a large concept which is associated with assessment and
control of functions such as manufacturing or supplying of product and services within the
organisation. This is a process which take initiates from the control of raw materials and
regularity till they get changed into finished goods. This is determined with maintenance of the
quality of goods and managing to make a proper balance between cost and revenue of entity.
Along with this leaders and managers plays a vital role in operations management. The present
study depends on the Japanese company of Toyota which is a global vehicle supplying or
manufacturing entity. Their headquarters in Toyota city, Japan, that follows a divisional
organisational structure which is centralise around the world. This report involves in the various
roles and characteristics of leaders and managers. It will also explain different approaches of
operations management with the suitable theories and models. Apart, from this approaches of
leadership and pestle analysis of an organisation will also elaborated (Boyd and Dougherty,
2016).
TASK 1
P1. Roles and characteristics of leaders and managers.
Leaders and managers are very much essential part of an business enterprise. Through
performing their different roles and responsibilities in a perfect way, so that on the basis of this
they ensures the growth and profitability of an organization.
Leader:
Leaders are responsible to motivating their employees effectively for achieving targeted
goals and objectives in a perfect way. These are the kind of ability of a company's management
in order to achieve challenging goals and inspires other people to perform well. In the context of
Toyota, leaders makes their strong relationship and positive attitude with the employees and
team members. It also ensures timely completion of work and achieving goals for a company
timely.
Role of Leaders in Toyota-
 In the context of Toyota, leaders plays a vital role as they are allocate various task or
work to their employees towards achieving goals and vision of the company in a efficient
way (Ellitan, 2017).
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 Leaders of Toyota creates good vision for the company in order to gain profitability by
leading their employees in specified manner for the future growth of an organization.
Characteristics of leaders in Toyota-
 Leaders in Toyota are loyal and already prepared towards their work, so that they affect
individuals in order to take the same approach within the organization.
 Leaders of Toyota are very good in communication skills which helps in maintain the
team working on the right projects with the right attitude in a right manner. Therefore,
leaders are very effective part who always helps in achieving specified goals of an
organisation (Ellitan, 2017).
Managers:
A candidate who is concern about the certain group of task or certain subset of an
organization. It also controls various business activities and professional activities of a performer
in the company. Manager also managing various resource and lot of work for creating good
environment in an organisation. In regards of Toyota, managers gives the instructions for the top
level of management to subordinates and assures that operations are carried out according to
them. They are the crucial part for an organisation in a good manner.
Role of Managers in Toyota-
 Managers of Toyota are the primary force which increases the growth and expansion
globally. They are responsible for all aspects of company as achieving objectives or goals
in a well manner.
 Managers of Toyota are responsible for managing a single employee or team members or
a group of individuals. They can also make different services or product line of the
company.
Characteristics of Managers in Toyota-
 Managers in Toyota are very much energetic or creative. This character of managers
affect other people in a positive way in order to make good project within the
organisation.
 Managers are very knowledgeable which is very important for every organisation as per
the business concern. Through this characteristics they can focus their employees on the
basis of good knowledge.
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Similarities between Managers and Leaders of Toyota-
 Managers and leaders are work together in order to achieve same goals and objective and
increase profitability for an organization.
 Managers or leaders plays the same role within the organisation in order to maximise the
morale and confidence of employee’s to ensures timely achievement of targeted goals
and objectives in a good way.
Differences between Management and Leadership of Toyota:
Basis of Comparison Managers Leaders
Behavioural characteristics
Management of Toyota always
focuses on the good behaviour
of employees which shows the
candidates behaviours within
the working environment (Fan,
Liu and Zhang, 2015).
Leadership of Toyota is
focuses upon motivation which
affects of high confidence in
order to lead the team in a well
manner.
Authority and power
Management has authority to
do allot the work and ask for
their employees and also
controls organisational
activities effectively.
Leadership has the power
which maximise work
productivity of employees and
lead team timely in relation the
completion of tasks in
stipulated manner.
Subordinates
Management of Toyota have
lot of employees as the
subordinates.
Leadership have so many
followers as subordinates in an
organisation.
In the context of Toyota, managers and leaders use of various leadership and
management theories in order to long stay with their roles and responsibilities.
Transformational theory of leadership:
It is the theory of leadership which is focuses on how leaders can create positive and
valuable change in their employees within in the organisation. In this leaders focuses on the
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gathering compliances by giving benefits. In the addition of this theory, leaders of Toyota assure
that behaviour of team members or employees that can be affected according to the leadership
and their commitment about the work. In this, leaders use of this theory to achieve goals and
objectives in a desirable manner.
Classical theory of Management:
It is the ideology theory of classical theory of management, according to this managers of
an entity require to enhancing the profitability of company. For this, managers in Toyota focus
on meetings for organisational needs of employees in order to encourage them towards working
in a efficient manner. This is done through the optimal decision making policies which can
assured the high profits for business organization.
TASK 2
P2. How are roles of leaders and managers applicable in various situations.
Toyota is a leading dealer providing service in different region with innovative cars and
used cars, trucks, etc., and operating their business activities in an international market. For this
company it is important to generate business strategies as to be competitive in business
environment (Ma and Sun, 2012). In this, the managers and leaders also have to perform their
responsibilities for achieving their goals and objectives. Leaders in Toyota perform different
functions like strategies for projects, giving work to employees,etc. Toyota changes their
technologies on the basis of business environment. Toyota leaders trains team members to learn
concepts and adapt changes, new technology, motivate employees to enhance skills and attain
organisational objectives and goals. Additionally, the leaders and managers aim is to think about
the development of the business and organisation. They handle all situations electively and solve
crucial problems faced by the organisation. Toyota has given following statements for the
functions of its company which are listed below-
Team-building: This task is a difficult task for the company as it involves several
members of the organisational culture. In this, leaders of Toyota follow autocratic style of
leadership for making their workforce to work according to their team. In this, managers directs
its team members to work in a team that helps in enhancing the performance in business
environment and it helps in achieving the business objectives. Additionally, managers and
leaders of Toyota try to build trust among employees, which leads in creating a positive and
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healthy work environment in a business entity. Such practises by managers and leaders of Toyota
help the organisation in achieving the specified targets in the given time frame. Team building
practise makes Toyota to encourage creative thinking among their work and also helps its
employees to achieve their goals and objectives.
Project management: The success of many business organisations is associated with
the execution of the tasks and objectives in effective manner. In this context, the main roles and
responsibilities of leaders and managers of Toyota is to monitor performance of its team
members and also provide training sessions, in order to increase their skills and knowledge. On
the other hand, the role of a manager or leader is to provide proper guideline to their
subordinates, which leads in making the work effective and efficient in a competitive business
environment. This task is also considered difficult for an organisation as in this it is essential to
choose effective business strategies. In this context, it is essential for Toyota to utilise their
resources effectively and operate business activities with a motive to achieve aims and objectives
in a proper time frame. It is also essential for the manager of chosen organisation to assign roles
and responsibilities to their subordinates in accordance with their abilities (Nayak, 2015).
P3. Applying different models and theories of approach.
Leadership is the process or activity which includes having a group of people or an
organization or the ability or capacity to perform. This includes establishing a clear vision,
providing the information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision, and sharing that vision
with others so that they can perform effectively. This process is followed by leaders of Toyota
for keeping team spirit of their employees high and also focussing on the overall development
and motivation. There are different key approaches of leadership which are followed in the
company and these are discussed below:
Situational leadership: This approach of leadership is put into force when the leader or
manager of Toyota have to change their style to fit the development level of the followers they
are trying to influence. It is most important and basic theory of management which pays equal
importance to all leadership styles and approaches and is bias to no single leadership approach.
Contingency leadership theory: Contingency theory focuses not only on the leader but
also on the situation in which the leader is interacting. Contingency leadership approach is used
when skills of leaders have to be assessed which help in inspiring and motivating employees of
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Toyota. This approach runs on a twofold process where skills of leader as well as situation both
are analysed.
System leadership theory: System leadership approach helps the managers and leaders of
Toyota in providing a healthy work environment. This approach is followed when managers and
leaders establish changes and new policies which is going to help in maintaining productivity.
This leadership approach is also used for enhancing production process in Toyota. Due to this
goals can be achieved in given tie frame.
Leadership and management has their specified roles and responsibilities which have to
be completed in order to conduct of business activities. Moreover, there are several approaches
of leadership and management which can be used by Toyota to attain goals and objectives in a
timely and right manner (Plesser and et. al., 2014).
M2. Strengths and weaknesses of approaches to situations within work environment
The different types of leadership approaches with their own strengths and weaknesses
and these are discussed in the following paragraph:-
Situational leadership-
 Strength: Situational leadership is spontaneous to managers. Many managers
instinctively know that they need to adjust their response to control various situation at
hand. Situational leaders helps to maintain the relationship between the manager and the
employee. Employees feel more valued and respected and this leads to a better and good
working experience for leaders as well as employees.
 Weakness: This model of leadership can express one of four different leadership styles.
It creates trouble and chaos in mind as Using or opting for different leadership styles
every time creates a confusion for leaders. It is not that much effective in meeting
organisational goals in time.
Contingency leadership theory-
 Strength: Using contingency theory of leadership style the leaders of Toyota develops an
effective chart for human resource planning.
 Weakness: One major drawback of contingency theory is that it is difficult for
employees to handle business situations and complex problems.
System leadership theory-
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 Strength: This approach is focusing on achievement of the overall organisational goal
with increasing employee performance.
 Weakness: The Major drawback of this theory is that it reduces the effectiveness of
decision making ability of managers.
TASK 3
P4. Key approaches to operations management and role played by managers and leaders.
Operations management is the activity that starts from procurement of raw material and
regular till its conversion into finished goods. This is a management practice which focuses on
high elimination of wastage along with optimum utilisation of various resources. The big
purpose beyond this process is to increase the efficiency of operations of Toyota. Operations
management keeping a proper balance between revenue earned and cost that is formed by
company (Wang and Abareshi, 2015).
Their are two major operational functions of production and transportation which are
given below:-
Production: It is an organisational function which is cope up with the acquisition of raw
materials and their change into finished goods. This is the main activity for every manufacturing
organization.
Transportation: In this, goods are produced and they are sent from one place to another
place. This is the actual transformation of goods. It has another another function in Toyota which
assures that the vehicles manufactured by organisation reach consumers timely.
Their are various approaches which is being used within the operations management that
are explained below:
Six Sigma: It is a type of statistical approach which is mainly used within the
organisations in order to reduce any kind of defects or issues that comes within the products and
services which is being rendered by company. Six sigma mainly assists leaders and managers of
Toyota in order to maximising the working level of employees within the business enterprises.
Therefore, organisation can easily achieve goals due to the limited time. This approach creates
large number of statistical tools and techniques to reduce the some errors between demand able
and real results of production output.
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This operations management approach is used in Toyota for identifying and evaluating
the performance of staff members or employees within the company and find out if there are any
defaults or errors. Six sigma approach is further divided into two types that is DMAIC and
DMADV. This approach also assists management of Toyota in evaluating the current
performance of personnel in order to take steps in raise their standards of quality (Wen-chao, Fan
and Wen-wen, 2012).
Just in time approach: It is an important approach which is used by various
enterprises to eliminate the delay caused in manufacturing of materials and process of production
for changing these materials into final goods. Mainly it is used by leaders and managers of
Toyota for carry forward effective inventory management. This method uses of lean
methodology to increase the performance level of employees as well as company. Just in time
approach concerns about the cost reduction associated with inventory management and eliminate
old stock.
Total Quality Management: This approach is used by several organisation who has
large objectives that maintain the good quality of products and services. In the context of Toyota,
It helps in enhance the customers loyalty towards the brand for a long period of time. It is an
approach which mainly needs efforts from all the employees in a collaborative form. Therefore,
wastages can be minimized and customers can easily get high quality of goods, so TQM creates
good culture of Toyota through promoting operational excellence around the business
enterprises.
Role played by leaders:
Leaders of Toyota play a pervasive role in order to encourage employees position at
different levels, activities and various departments within the organisation in order to use of
productive techniques and tools (Williams, 2015).
Role played by Managers:
Some roles played by managers of Toyota in order to keep maintain a track of the
employees performance for evaluating the variances in between actual and desirable output.
Therefore, managers makes various policies in order to increase productivity for an organisation.
P5. Importance of operations management in achieving business objectives.
This process of operation management is make different management activities such as
planning, organising, controlling, monitoring and so on. In the regards of Toyota, their objective
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of operations manager is making sure that high quality of goods and services are made and that is
accessible for consumers. There are some Importance of operations management which is
elaborated below:
Reduction of cost: In this importance of Operations management behave as an effective
tool in finding the costs related to wastage within the Toyota. According to this managers find
out the creative and different ways to decrease the operation cost and increasing the quality of
goods and services. In this Leaders of Toyota also motivate their employees in order to work
timely as per the giving training on regular basis.
Enhancing overall productivity: It is a crucial aspect for an every organisation.
According to this managers and leaders of Toyota focuses on the elements which helps the
employees in their work task as completing their work within the given period of time in a
effective manner. Main objective of operations manager is to reflects various activities that can
result in maximising the overall productivity of employees within the Toyota. Therefore, in this
Leaders create a positive and healthy environment so that team members can be easily increase
their performance in a best way (XIANG, Chen and Zhang, 2013).
M3. Leaders and managers improve efficiencies of operational management to meet business
objectives
According to the above point of view leaders and managers of Toyota meets various business
goals and objectives in a effective manner. They also promote the unique culture that make self
confidence for their subordinates which helps in making good quality of product within the
organization. Apart from this, managers are responsible for providing the tasks to their
employees and setting goals and objectives for individuals, teams as well as organisation.
Leaders and managers make use of Six Sigma, Just in Time and Total Quality Management
approaches in order to gain goals and objectives. The completion of these goals creates the
sustainability of business enterprise for long duration of time in a marketplace.
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TASK 4
P6. Factors of business environment affect operational management and decision-making by
leaders and manager.
There are several factors that influence the decision making process of a leader and a
manager within the organisation. There are some of these are internal factors while some others
are external factors which are given below:
Internal Factors
Internal factors are those that raise in the business concern only. There are some of the
internal factors of business environment that may affect their working that are as discuss below:-
Owners (Shareholders): They are the persons or company who have made investments
in order to gain some profit within the company's stock. In with regards of Toyota, managers are
responsible for creating rules and policies for their employees or team members of an
organisation. If decisions taken by leaders and managers for the development and profitability of
enterprise are attractive, so that more and more person will be influenced buying shares of
company which will be beneficial for an organisation (Yun and et. al., 2018).
Employees: They are the most crucial asset of a company. An organisation which
possess an effective workforce is able to perform productively. In the regards of Toyota,
managers are responsible for recruiting or selecting such employees who possess the potential to
carry out their activities and function in a effective manner, so that business entity can gathered a
competitive advantage in a dynamic business. On the other hand When skilled and technically
knowledgeable candidates are hired, then enterprise is able to achieve its target goals and
objectives in a proper time with effective. Therefore, it ensures that best quality of products and
services that are very useful for customers.
External Factors
These are the those factors which are outside to business premises but possess about
power to impact on business management. There are some big external factors have been given
below:-
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Competitor efficiency and flexibility: In today's competitive world, every company is
need to adopt such practices and creates a culture that increase the business enterprises and make
efficient for various activities in rival organisations. Therefore, employees work smoothly
regarding this flexibility and remote ways that is follow by the team members in a effective
manner. Flexibility and efficiency concerned about the entire working culture which depends
upon the individuals in the organisation. In the context of Toyota, managers and leaders adopt
these practices that take into concern about existing policies within the company and it helps in
ensuring the sustainability of an organisation for a long period of time.
Technological factors: This trends affect the business at many levels. These are the
variable that are being used for the evaluating of available alternatives with the help of
technological capabilities. These factors are one of the environmental factor that influence
business activities in effective manner. In the inflexion of time, there are several advancements
in technology that need to be taken into concern through the company. With the present time
every business organisation has to bring daily changes within the organisation as per the current
market condition. In this context, managers and leaders of Toyota give surety that they adopt
various technologies and techniques that are assign with the current trends and existing
development within the marketplace (Situational Leadership. 2019).
Corporate social responsibility.
CSR is also known through the large number of other names. These name includes in
Corporate social responsibilities, corporate accountability, corporate ethics or responsible
entrepreneurship and so on. In the present world, CSR issues become rapidly increases day by
day. On the other hand CSR can be defined as the economic, legal, ethical and expectation that
society has of organisation at the given period of time.
Culture and values.
Culture and values plays a very important role in the society. In modern world, every
person spend their life within the certain community of culture in the society. That's why culture
environment has directly affect the people and their values within in the society. For the better
understanding of this topic at present culture environment is a society or a group, in which which
each and every individual living and getting lot of education in an appropriate manner.
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Therefore, it is very effective system who encourages people in order to follow various culture
and they can easily interact with each other also able to understand the values of the culture in an
effective manner.
Ethics and sustainable growth.
In business context, there are three aspects which are include3s in social, economic and
environmental factors. In this all companies follow these three aspects and depends upon the
management practice within the organisation. Therefore, company should follow these aspects
and also ethical values for the goodwill and also focuses on their sustainable growth of good
future as well as to get profit in the market.
The relationship with stakeholders in the context of “encouraging”
In context of Encouraging, organisations changes rapidly so that they need stakeholders
for plays a different roles within the company. Therefore, stakeholders plays a vital role in an
effective manner for changes in the organisation. For example, most of the companies focused on
their managers in order to build relationship with them. So that they can do good work for the
company and able to achieve set targeted goals in a effective manner.
Therefore, any firm of business needs stakeholders to earn more profit that's why company has to
encourage their employees as well as stakeholders in an appropriate manner.
Developing and sustaining entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship.
Entrepreneurship is a developing concept within the education on several levels which
maximise the needs, importance and interest of the person of individual of this field. Therefore it
is a sustainable and growing concept that also influences the people in order to run their business
in a effective way.
In context of intrapreneurship, it is the developing process which always increase the
motivation of people towards the job design, employees within the special project or in a larger
firm which are behave like a entrepreneur and also they have sufficient resources in order to
make large profit in the firm at marketplace. Therefore, intrapreneurship is a continuing growing
process and it is a sustaining process in an effective way.
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CONCLUSION
From the above representative report it has been concluded that operations management
is an very important element of every organisation and it presents at all levels and functions or
activities of an business enterprise. It also has been identified that leaders or managers plays a
critical role in the form of ensuring about proper growth of business in the company and
delivering high qualities of goods and services to the customers in a efficient manner. It is also
described that leaders should use transformational theory whereas managers should use or adopt
classical theory of management in order to giving assurance of time for completion of goals and
objectives in a desirable manner. In addition to this, it is also analysed that there are different
types of factors within the dynamic business environment that heavily affect on the operational
management and their decisions are taken by the managers and leaders for the future growth of
the company in a effective way.
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Situational Leadership. 2019. [Online]. Available through: <https://www.situational.com/the-cls-
difference/situational-leadership-what-we-do/>
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