This report analyzes the roles of leaders and managers in an organization, using Procter & Gamble as an example. It explores different leadership theories and models, examines the impact of PESTLE factors on business operations, and concludes with the importance of effective leadership and management for organizational growth and success.
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Management and Operation
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 TASK 1...........................................................................................................................................3 P 1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager...3 TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5 P 2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational contexts..................................................................................................5 P 3 Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems leadership and contingency...................................................................................................6 TASK 3...........................................................................................................................................7 Covered in PPT.......................................................................................................................7 TASK 4...........................................................................................................................................7 P6 Factors within the business environment..........................................................................7 CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................9 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1 .........................................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION Management and operations are the important functions of an organisation and it helps to accomplish the work in effective manner. It helps to maximize the efficiency and productivity of business. In this report chosen organisation is P&G and it is an American multi-national consumer goods corporation which is established in United States. The aim of this report is to analyse the role and function of leader and manger in the organisational growth. This report covers the following topics such as : difference between role of a leader and function of manager , different theories and approaches of leadership, key approaches of operation management and its importance and value to achieve business objectives. Apart from this it also discuss about factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and decision making by leaders and managers. TASK 1 P 1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager Leader and manager plays different roles as per the requirement of organisation and they possess distinct characteristic as per roles and designation in the corporation. Both of them help the P&G to achieve its goals and objectives. Leader-Leader is a person who leads and motivates the team members to maximize the productivity in the organisation (Evangelopoulos and et. al., 2016). Role of leader- ï‚·Leader of P&G has play the role which is to motivate the workers so that targets can be achieve as per the requirements. ï‚·The role of leader is to guide the team mates so thatthey perform as per the desired manner of organisation and also support them if team mates has faced problems to accomplish the task. Characteristic of Leader- ï‚·Positiveattitudeandfocusedapproachtowardsthework.Sothattargetscanbe accomplish as per the stipulated time frame. ï‚·It has ability to inspire other team mates so that they perform effectively and achieve the targets of organisation.
Manager- Manager is an individual who manage and control the company and the work of employees so that work can be done in effective manner. Role of manager- ï‚·Manager plays the role of planning, organising and controlling so that objectives can be achieve in effective manner (Punyateera and et. al., 2014). ï‚·To manage and control the operational activities in the organisation so that employees perform their roles and duties as per the desired manner of P&G . Characteristic of manager- ï‚·To ensure the time management which help the company to achieve its objectives with in stipulated time frame. ï‚·To communicate the relevant information to all employees and all departments so that work can be perform as per the requirements of organisation. Both of them helps the corporation to active its goals so that company can achieve sustainable success and growth in market.In P&G its leader and managers perform their roles and duties as per the requirement of corporation. Difference between roles and characteristic of leader and manager are as follows : BasisLeaderManager MeaningLeaderhasanabilityto encourage the team mates to perform better. Managerhasthepowerto manageandcontrolthe members in the organisation. RiskLeader motivates the group members to take risk so that they can learn new things and gain knowledge. Leader of P&G encourage the team members to accomplish the task as per the requirements of organisation (Penn and Pennix, 2017). Manager of corporation always instruct the employees to follow the set procedures so that risk can be minimise and efficiency can be maximize. It helps the achieve the organisational goals and objectives. PowerIt has power to motivate theIt has power to control and
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team mates so that they enable to do their task in effective manner. mange the whole organisation and operational activities. TASK 2 P 2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational contexts There are various examples in which role of a leader and function of manager apply in different situational contexts. They both perform their roles and duties for the benefit of organisation so that goals and objectives can be achieve as per the desired manner in corporation. Leader plays a vital role for the success and growth of organisation. It encourage the workers to improve its performance so that targets can be accomplish as per the requirements of business. Manager help to manage and control the business activities of the company. Role of a leader and function of manager in different situations are described as below : Planning :It is the one of mostimportant function which is performed by the manager of a company. Manager of P&G prepare the future growth plans and makes the strategies for future course of actions so that organisation can accomplish its goals (Marchington and et. al., 2016).As per the plan and strategy leader delegates the roles and responsibilities to their team mates on the basis of skills and ability so that group members can perform their roles which supports plans and strategy of company. Problem analysis :It is important for the manager to identify the problems in the organisation so that targets can be accomplish in effective manner. Manager of P&G has analysed the problem that targets areaccomplish by the employees are per the stipulated time frame. In that case role of a leader is to motivate the group members so that they canbperform their tasks in effective manner as a result targets can be achieve as per the stipulated time period. It helps the organisation to achieve sustainable success and growth. Controlling :Manager of company is responsible to control the business activities so that P&G can accomplish its goals and objectives. If manager of company feels that it is essential to monitor the activities of employees so that they perform their roles and duties as per the desired manner of organisation, In that case manager gives the responsibility to the leader that it have to monitor the activities of its team members so that management can know the efficiency
and productivity of each members. If an individual does able to perform as per the desired manner of corporation than training should be provided to the person so that efficiency and productivity can be enhanced as a result organisational goals can be accomplish timely. So by monitoring and controlling manager can maximize the output and leader provides help it to achieve the targets (Hugos, 2018). P 3 Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems leadership and contingency Effective leadership is very important for the growth and success of an organisation. It is important for a leader to lead its team mates in that manner so that group members can perform their roles and duties as per the desired manner of company. As a result goals and objectives can be accomplish timely and smoothly. There are various theories and model of leadership which can use by Proctor & Gamble so that productivity and performance can be enhanced. There are various theories and approaches which are described as below : Situational leadership :This is the style of leadership which change as per the situations exist at workplace. It is based upon the situations which are arises in the company and it can be appear any time so it is important for the leader to know how to handle the different situation. For example, if there is a situation arise in the Proctor & Gamble that it have to produce 5000 units of Pantene shampoo within 5 days which is beyond its normal capacity. In that case leader can motivates its team mates to work 2 hours extra in a day and in return group members will get the incentives which is higher than normal incentives they get. So it the responsibility of leader to take the effective decisions in context to different situations so that organisational goal can be accomplish timely (Haimes, 2015). Strength:This approach help the leaders to find solutions for the difficult problems easily and it also help to find appropriate solution for each of the challenges that are faced by an organisation. Weakness:When a problem suddenly take place than leaders may not able to take appropriate decision. System leadership :In this approach leader should treat the organisation as a system which is related with man made or natural components. The main features of this theory is to provide an opportunity to understand, analyse and think about corporation. Leader has an ability
to transform distinct functions of company into system. A corporation is known as set of distinct components which involves staffs, machinery, information, assets and resources. Overall, it helps to create positive environment which ensures completion of all business activities in effective manner. With the help of this approach leader ofProctor & Gamble can utilise all available resources and can provide an effective result to the company. Strengths:Leaders have an ability to transform distinct functions of the company in to systems. It guides to create positive work environment at work place. Weaknesses:Sometimes workers may not agree with leaders and wont follow all their commands at that time conflicts may take place. Contingency approach of leadership :In this approach leader takes the decision on the basis of contingent situation. This approach consider both personality and the situation in which leader perform. It is important for a leader to take effective decisions as per the situations of contingency. For example, if there is contingency has arise in the business of Proctor & Gamble thatcompanydoesnothaveenoughrawmaterialtoproducetheproductsduetothe transportation strike. In that case leader of organisation can buy raw material from the local supplier at high price so that requirement of urgent orders can be meet. It is important for a corporation to fulfil the demand of its clients so that they do not to deal with other organisations and remain its clients for a long time in future. Strength:Guide the leaders to react positively in the situations of sudden contingencies. Weakness:if organisation is not able to meet requirements of customers than it will result in various contingencies. So there are different approaches of leadership but leaders of Proctor & Gamble can use contingency approach so that in contingent situations, effective decision can be taken for the benefit of organisation (Balasubramaniam and et. al., 2016). TASK 3 Covered in PPT TASK 4 P6 Factors within the business environment PESTLE Analysis:
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Political factor:Political factors are the influencers which include political policies and parties. It includes foreign trade policy, labour law, environmental law etc. The political landscape impacts how Proctor & Gamble implements strategies that satisfy policies and governmental requirements on business development. Manager are require to asses all political variables carefully before taking decisions regarding expansion or formulation of policies and strategies. They should formulated flexible policies that assists in running business operations smoothly. Economic factor : Economic factors is needed to be analyse by the organisation. It involves unemployment rates, raw material, foreign exchange rates etc. Management of Proctor & Gamble does not providing the equal employment opportunities to its staffs as a result they get demotivated and does not perform the work effectively as per the desired manner of company. This situations has been analysed by the manager of organisation and it decide to give equal chances of employment opportunities so that unemployment rate can be minimize in the country. It reflects that organisation does not able to take effective decision so that economic factors influence its business.Manager of organisation should analyse the economic factor so that its negative influence can be minimise. As a result business operations can be run effectively. Social factor : Organisation always try to satisfy the needs of consumers so that profits can be maximise. It involves educational level, cultural trends, lifestyle, wants and preferences of persons. If management of Proctor & Gamble does not focusing the social factor and does not providing the products as per the needs of consumers as a result it profits. This situation has been analysed by the manager of corporation and than it decide to produce the products as per the wants of consumer so that they are reducing can satisfy and leader also take decision that it will instruct its all team mates that they have to produce the goods as per the needs of persons. Manager of company should analyse the social factor so that its negative influence can be minimise. As a result business operations can be run effectively. Technologicalfactor:Technologycaninfluencethebusinessoperationsofan organisation. If manager and leader of Proctor & Gamble not using updated technology as a result quality products does not which results in declining profitability. Than they take decision to use latest technology so that quality products can be produced. It reflects that management does not able to take effective decision so that technological factors influence its business.
Environmentalfactor:Environmentalfactorscanaffecttheoperationsofan organisation. It involves climate, weather of a country. If Manager and leaders ofProctor & Gamble does not think to produce the products as per the climate condition so that goods can not preserve for long duration as a result persons does not like to buy the products of organisation. This situation has been analysed by the leader and manager of company and they decide to produce the goods which suit the climate and weather conditions ofenvironment. It reflects that management does not able to take effective decision so that environmental factors influence its business.Manager of organisation should analyse the environmental factor so that its negative influence can be minimise. As a result business operations can be run effectively. Legal factors : Legal factors can influence the business operations of an organisation. It involves consumer protection law and health and safety law. If manager and leaders of Proctor & Gamble does not think to contribute towards the CSR policy as a result its reputation has been down in the market and persons does not like the organisationbecause it does not contributing towards the society and nations. It reflects that management does not able to take effective decision so that legal factors influence its business This situation has been analysed by the manager and leader of company and take effective decision to contribute towards the CSR policy. Manager of Proctor & Gamble should analyse the environmental factor so that its negative influence can be minimise. As a result business operations can be run effectively. CONCLUSION From the above report, it has been concluded that there are difference between role and characteristicofmanagerandleaderbuttheybothworkforthecommonpurposeof organisational growth. There are various functions that has been followed by the manager at different situations which help Proctor & Gamble to make better strategy for future growth. There are different approaches of leadership has been discussed which help to maximize efficiency and productivity. Key approaches help the corporation to achieve its objectives. Environment factors analysis provides help the organisationto protect its business from the negative impact of this.
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