Management and Operations : Tesco

Management and
Operations

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Difference between leaders and managers........................................................................1
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................3
P2 Role and functions of a leader and manager in different situations..................................3
P3 Situational leadership, systems leadership and contingency leadership...........................4
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................4
P4 Key approaches to the operation management..................................................................4
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving Business objectives........1
TASK 4 ...........................................................................................................................................2
P6 Factors within the business environment that impact operational management and
decision-making.....................................................................................................................2
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES...............................................................................................................................6a

INTRODUCTION
Management and operation is a well defined business practice which is performed by
organisations in order to gain high level of efficiency in the organisational function. This
function includes converting raw materials And Labour force into finished products and services
as to gain maximum amount of profitability. While operation management holds great
responsibility to make sure that all the activities are conducted as per according to plan in order
to accomplish timely delivery of work (Boyd and Dougherty, 2016). Operation management in
an organisation is one of the most important factor that helps organisation to ensure that projects
within company are conducted in successful manner there are different types of activities
included in this process that are distribution of goods and services, and management of process
that are mainly related to production and distribution present report has been conducted on
British multinational grocery is retailer company Tesco which is headquartered in England, UK.
Organisation was established in 1990. In this report format of discussions has been made on
leaders and managers roles and responsibilities. Along with this project include different types of
theories the help of accomplishment of organisational goals can be effectively done.
TASK 1
P1 Difference between leaders and managers
Operation management is related with managing the flow of working while communicating
and collaborating with all the departments in an organisation to run a business successfully.
Following reports is based on TESCO company, which is the highest retail and groceries stores
that have expanded the business across the globe. The basic difference between leader and
managers is the traits and skill which an individual possess to create a working environment.
Leader: An individual which have good communications skills that leads, a group of
people and motivate them to complete a specific task at scheduled time. Leader have both
decision-making and authority power, while achieving short term and long term goals of a
business.
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Manager: A manager is the person, who manages the workforce in the organisation. The
key role is to distribute the responsibilities and authority to each individual so that they can
present their innovative idea while performing the task. It helps in building, cordial relation with
other employee in a work culture.
Leaders and managers of TESCO, adopt different approaches while performing and
completing the specific task required by the management of the company. Mentioned below are
some difference between leaders and managers:
Basis leader managers
Goals A leader can set higher
innovative goals while
communicating effectively
with other individual (Plesser,
2014).
A manager has a specific short
and long term goals set by the
management of the particular
company .
Skills The key skills of leader is to
take higher risk, should have
the listening power and create
positive vision for
accomplishment of goals.
The traits of manager is they
have decision-making power,
solve the problem and manage
the workforce effectively in an
organisation
Roles and Responsibilities The role and responsibilities of
leaders is to have clear, crystal
communication in the team to
produce the flow of working to
achieve goals. Also motivate
their team members
The manager has to manage
the operation function,
estimation of manpower
requirement, handling
administrative departments in
any company or firm.
Authority The leader has all the
authorities, when the work is
been performed. The team
members has to follow and
report to their leaders.
The manager distributes the
authority power to each
individual in a group
depending on the assigned task
and scheduled time.
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As per the above table assessment, it has been analysed that some differences between a
leader and manager of TESCO on the basis of the risk taking capabilities and generating
innovative idea for successful growth and using competitive advantage for business.
TASK 2
P2 Role and functions of a leader and manager in different situations
The managers and leasers who are working in a large organisation have to deal with
different situations in order to achieve their set business goals and targets. Tesco is having their
operations at large scale thus they had to deal with different kind of situations which can affect
their operational activities. There are different situations which can arise at work p[lace such as
employee engagement, resolving conflicts etc. The role played by leaders and managers in order
to handle different kind of situation at work place are evaluated below as:
Employee Engagement: The engagement is building a cordial relationship between
employee and the management of any organisation. The growth of relation in employee-
employee, employee-employer, employer-employee at individual and group level in work
environment. This gives an impact on the productivity of any business. In regards with TESCO,
the role of leader and manager are very different. For instance, the leaders support and guide
each individual if the problem arises in the flow of operation while improving their quality of
work, also provide the accurate information through clear communication to the members in a
team. On the other hand, manager, basic role is to distribute and manage the allocation of
resources with optimal utilisation of factor of productions wit context of land, labour,
machineries and many more. The other role, is to create a culture where employee feel safe,
motivated for performing a task (Fan and Zhang, 2015). Beside from basic salary, the
management should provide monetary and non-monetary benefits which will give a financial
assurance to the layman in return of their efforts they are producing in working environment.
Conflict Resolution: This is described as the state of disagreement among all the members
of the group as they are not happy with the actions and the thinking of the other members who
are there in the group. Tesco is having their operations at a large scale thus they are having
conflicts among their employees. The management of conflict is described as the process in
which all the members who are having conflicts come together and they share their problems in
order to solve the problems thus giving an end to the situation. The leaders of Tesco had to take
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responsibility in order to develop friendly environment among the group members. The
employees in an organisation come together and work from a different background and culture
thus there should be programmes organised in order to provide training to their employees thus
minimising conflicts. Managers should formulate plans in order to resolve conflicts in effectual
manner thus making employees happy with the working of business. There should be plans
formulated in order to identify the reason behind the conflict and then there should be open
communication among all the members in order to find out the main reason behind disagreement
among all the group members. All member of the team should follow the rules and regulations in
order to develop healthy environment at work place. Leaders at the work place plays the role of
mediator in order to solve the difficulties which are faced by workers at Tesco.
P3 Situational leadership, systems leadership and contingency leadership
Situational theory of leadership: In this leaders are required to effectively consider
situations as to undertake effective measures to overcome them. With the help of this skill
leaders can able to modify working pattern in order to gain effective outcome. Thus, with the
assistance of analytical skills leaders can select best effective leadership style in order to
accomplish organisational objectives in flexible manner.
Contingency approach of leadership: In this type of leadership approach leaders are
required to control situations in order to control them on effective manner. Within this leaders
are required to have clear set of objectives in order to guide employees towards task in an
oriented manner.
Systems leadership: In this form of leadership, leaders effectively transforms different
types of organisational functions into system. As an organisation include different types of
component within it that are fixed assets, equipments and information. Thus by treating
organisation as a formative system leaders can effectively able to accomplish organisational
activities in best effective manner.
TASK 3
P4 Key approaches to the operation management
Operation management is evaluated as the best practice of business which is linked with
developing efficiency and effectiveness in an organisation. This factor is linked with
development of labour efficiently in order to maximise the sale and profitability ratios of
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business. The team of operation management has the responsibility in order to keep a balance
between the operating cost of the company and the revenues earned by them. Tesco is executing
their business activities at international level and they are offering products to customers
according to their requirement. The firm has developed plans in order to utilize the resources of
the company in an effective and planned manner thus earning high profitability ratios. The
productivity of firm has also improved because of effective us of business resource. The main
approaches off operation management are evaluated below as:
Lean production: This approach is described as s method of systematic manufacturing in
which there is major focus on minimising all the wastage and enhancing the productivity and
maintaining the quality of the overall products produced. This is the best method if firm wants to
reduce their cost value and increase the value of the products which are designed by them. This
approach requires effective involvement of all the workers in order to ensure minimal wastage
thus making improvement in the working plans. The plans are also developed in order to ensure
that there is proper communication among all the employees thus enhancing productivity.
Just-in-time: This is described as the inventory management system in which the raw
materials are aligned directly from the those who are supplying the materials according to the
production scheduling. This strategy is used by business in order to reduce the waste thus
increasing business efficiency of producing goods. This strategy is of advanced and high
technology which results in scheduling and planning of various software’s which are useful in
transformation process. There is schedule developed for every project and manger sets the
deadline accordingly.
Six Sigma: It is a technique, used for improving the quality of the product which are already
launched in the market and attaining sales profits for the company and help in increasing shares.
While sustaining the business in cut throat competition every organisation has to create a balance
between price set of goods and increasing customer expectations by providing a quality in after
sale services. In reference with TESCO, the management has adopted this strategy for improving
the characteristics of commodity, generating the new leads by attracting potential buyers, which
will create a sense of loyalty towards the company. This systematic step, build an opportunity for
developing an effective customer relationship and also help to explore the business at national
and international borders.
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Roles of managers in operation management- The main role of managers in an
organisation is linked with making the employees familiar with the working environment by
taking an induction section which states the brief about how the working will going to be
executed at work place. Thereafter managers send the working of the employees to their
respective team leads in order to ensure they are doing the right work at right time thus achieving
the goals and targets of business effectively.
Roles of leader in operation management- The main role of leaders at the work place is
related with developing friendly environment at work place, decision making programmes where
employees can share the problems faced by them This helps in ensuring productivity at work
place.
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P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving Business objectives.
Operation management is the area where controlling, creating a systematic framework for
performing a work and merge all the managers in decision- making process, in context with
managing the flow of raw materials for converting them into quality finished goods. They also
focus on estimating the manpower requirement, stock inventories, requirement of updating the
used technologies giving training to the staff for improving their performances. In reference with
TESCO, the management have adopted various values which plays an important role for running
the business effectively and are mentioned below:
Optimal utilisation of resources: The resources are key element that produce the
effective result for growth of business (Williams, 2015). In context with TESCO, the managers
play an important role in allocating each resources efficiently in the work culture, so that it
should not influence the flow of operation in the business.
Improvement in productivity: The production department, give major emphasis on the
result of profitability any organisation. In regards with TESCO, the management focuses on the
quality of goods that should be delivered to the consumer. Mostly, the planning is being
conducted at every level for improving the quality of product on the basis of feedback given by
the existing customer. This process, will increase the satisfaction level of the individual who are
consuming the product, also help in attracting new potentials buyers which in turn increase the
market share.
Planning and Forecasting: The planning and forecasting give an idea to the management
in dealing with requirement of manpower, flow of funds, use of technologies and stock of raw
materials to be gathered for the flow of operations in any organisations. In reference with
TESCO, the managers collaborate and effectively communicate in a systematic manner for
planning, taking into consideration the cost incurred for labour and manufacturing the raw
material to be used.
Maintenance and replacement: The operation management majorly focus on
maintaining the technologies and equipment’s used in an operations. In reference with TESCO,
the managers give emphasis on maintaining the technologies and repairing the failure in tools
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with minimal wastage of raw material. This will help the company to create a healthy
environment in the world.
TASK 4
P6 Factors within the business environment that impact operational management and decision-
making.
Business environment includes different types of factors that exist in internal and external
environment that directly and indirectly affects organisation towards affecting decision making
process. Mentioned below there are some certain internal and external factors:
Internal factors It include essential element with the help of which board official
members frames effective Framework that will impact on organisation working culture. There
are different types of influencing factors that lead towards affecting decision making and
operation management of organisation.
Shareholders: shareholders are owner of organisation as the investor within company in
order to gain maximum outputs. In context with Tesco, organisation of a policies and guidelines
for the share holders in order to formulate decision making in best effective manner. With the
help of this company attract attention of their shareholders towards gaining more shares in
market. With the help of this organisation can effectively able to manage their operation
management and can gain more liquidity in their funds.
Employees: employers are one of the most essential elements in an organisation as they
effectively contribute within organisation to accomplish objectives in best effective manner.
Thus, Tesco organisation engaged employees in the process of decision making as to increase
sense of belongingness within employees towards company. This further helps company to retain
their employees for long term and use their expertise and experience towards organisational
growth.
Corporate culture: Culture includes essential factors such as believes, trust and norms all
these elements are required to be effectively followed by employees. Tesco managers are
required to formulate transparency in its working culture within which their workers can
effectively perform their roles and responsibility. This will further increasing organisation
profitability and can help them to make best decision.
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Corporate ethics: ethics include moral values which are required to be abide. Tesco
managers made their employees work in a positive culture with the help of which they can
increase positivity in their behaviour. This will further lead towards creating better workplace
structure that facilitate high production ethics in decision making process helps leaders to treat
all the employees without discriminate them on any ground.
Corporate social responsibilities: responsibilities within these factors include roles that
are played for society welfare and towards development for economy. Tesco performing
operations with corporate social responsibility uplift organisational values in Marketplace. In
addition with this with the help of CSR company can produce the goods and services in eco
friendly manner. This will help to organisation to safeguard customer health as well as
environment. This factor affects decision making process in organisation and government.
External factors that includes those factors that are imposed through external environment
mention below these factors are define
Political factor change in government via election process introduces new legislations and
policies that are required to abide (Han, 2017). As Tesco is a multinational organisations and
perform their operation in National and international level. Thus, they require to implement
political factors in the decision making process as this may impact on their operation and project
management. Thus with effective consideration of political factors may lead company towards
ensuring long term sustainability.
Economic factor elements within this include interest rate, tax rate and more these
factors lead towards affecting Tesco organisational culture. Thus, company is required to
formulate strategies with the help of which they can gain advantage of relaxation in borrowing,
lending and taxations.
Social factors in this there are different types of elements that our tradition, culture and
behaviour of population. All these factors affect organisation decision making in combine
manner. Thus, Tesco is required to effectively considers behaviour and values of society as to
effectively perform their organisational performance.
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Technological factor with the advancement in technology there are regular updating in
this segment that it was affecting company decision making process. Thus, Tesco is required to
adopt Advanced Technological measures in their working culture as with the help of this
company can facilitate smooth process of company while ensuring the employees efficiency in
context of utilising Machines.
CONCLUSION
As per the above mentioned report it has been concluded that operation management acts as
a most important elements for an organisation for their growth and development. In order to
effectively manage all the functions leaders and managers enumerative responsibilities are hold
by them. In addition with there are different types of factor in micro and macro environment that
impact on organisation overall performance and can impact decision making functions. As it are
the important responsibilities of managers to make that decision by analysing organisation
resources activities and strategies in an organisation’s. Leaders are responsible to encourage
individual towards high growth and accomplishment of goals and objectives in well defined
manner. Along with this report cover different types of theories with the help of which
organisation can effectively able to perform their functions as to gain more developmental
growth.
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