Hybrid Energy Systems and Operations Management

This assignment delves into the intersection of hybrid energy systems and operations management. It examines various types of hybrid energy systems, including wind-energy units, vanadium redox flow batteries, and supercapacitor-battery combinations. The analysis focuses on optimal management and operation techniques for these systems, considering factors like fuel cell power plants, microgrids, and distribution network optimization. Furthermore, the assignment explores the role of operations strategies in supply chain management, logistics, and public transport within a context of sustainable energy solutions.

Management And Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Meaning and comparison between characteristics and roles of a manager and leader..........1
M1 Differentiate between leader role and manger function.......................................................2
D1 Evaluation of various approaches and theories of leadership...............................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Function of manager and role of a leader in various situational contexts.............................3
P3 Different types of theories and models..................................................................................4
M2 Weaknesses and strength of leadership theories...................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
P4 Key approaches to operational management.........................................................................5
P5 Value and importance of operational management in gaining business objectives...............5
M3 Managers and leaders can improve effectiveness and efficiency.........................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
P6 Factors within the business environment that effect on decision-making.............................7
M4 Factors impact business-environment..................................................................................8
D2 Application of operational management that effect on business-environment.....................8
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
.......................................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Management operation is define as a business practices and activities in order to generate
the higher level of effectiveness & skilfulness possible within an enterprise (Operations and
Project Management (OPM), 2016). It is obsessed with converting labour and materials into
services or goods as efficiently to increase the revenues of a company. It is a management area
which concerned with monitoring and designing the production process (Anghileri and et. al.,
2012). It is aspects of of organization which is covered in producing commodities to the
potentials and target customers in the effective of efficient manner.
This report is based on Marks & Spencer, which is a multinational and leading company
in United kingdom. This project will discussed about the manager and leader role in achieving
productivity and profitability of business. Different types of theories and model also determined
here to identified the issues and problems. Operational management is very important factors in
gaining business objectives and goals. It effects upon the decision-making process in an effective
and efficient manner.
TASK 1
P1 Meaning and comparison between characteristics and roles of a manager and leader
Managers: These are important and essential person in the organisation that play
significant role in managing and designing whole activities of business. They are capable in
order to implement various policies as well as applicable strategies to decide & plan the
employees performance and activities. They are mainly distribute on various level on
organisation to handle the various department action.
Leaders: These are individual who effects a team towards the goals and objectives achievement
of business entity. They are main and significant person in the each and every enterprise in order
to motivate their employees with the help of leadership theories (Burke, 2013). They have
different quality such as communication and leadership in regrades to encourage large number of
the customers towards products or services. Main role and responsibility of these person is to
promote and inspire employees so they can improve and develop their working performance
which output is maximised productivity and profitability of company.
Difference between leaders and mangers
Managers Leaders
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They are important person who set long term
objectives and goals of business.
They are capable to carry out goals and
objectives which fix by managers.
They are communicate the businesses policies
and activities with leaders.
They are communicate and transmit those with
workers as well as effects them in respect to
work according to policy.
They give better direction to the group of
person.
They give accurate direction and way in teams.
Managers generate innovative plan for the
achievement and betterment of organisation.
They play a systematic role in order to
formulating those plan in actuality.
They are mainly focuses on new things. They mainly focus on human being.
Role and responsibility of such kind of person
is to do better planning in enterprise.
They has may role and responsibility in order
to inspire and encourage their workforce to
work.
They provide right direction to workers for
doing all work.
They motivate their employees towards work.
Main functions of managers:
Planning: It is known as a management function which is very essential for the M&S managers
in order to set long term objectives of company. Planed activity and function can maximised the
profitability and productivity of enterprise (Chen and et. al., 2012). In the Company, all activities
are ensure by the mangers with the aim of improving product quality in a continues manner.
They have capability to communicate with their workers easily which output higher achievement
of company.
Staffing: It is also a effective function because in this leader and manger do try to provide their
best of workers of organisation. M&S manager higher the staff as well as give them job
according to its capabilities and knowledge.
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Coordinating: Manager coordinate various functions of company in regrades to gain long term
outcomes (Expósito and et. al., 2016). Leader also play important role in subordinating all
activities to create proper timing with the aid of communication ability.
M1 Differentiate between leader role and manger function
Manager is essential person who implement various strategies and policies for workers to
give right direction and way to its work as well as attain end outputs. Leaders also very important
people who carry out all activities and encourage staff members. So in this, all are motivated to
do their best in an efficient manner which output is attained long term objectives and goals of
business (Eyal and et. al., 2014). Duty of manger is to assign all task to their workers as per its
capabilities while leaders encourage them in order to fulfil those tasks.
D1 Evaluation of various approaches and theories of leadership
As per the Burke, (2013) leadership has three main styles such as contingency, situational
and system etc. All these are very important and significant for the leader in order to encourage
the employees. They are mainly depend on individual skills and knowledge. System approach is
also very essential for the leader to easily communicate with their workers regarding actual
condition of organisation.
TASK 2
P2 Function of manager and role of a leader in various situational contexts
As per the above mentioned information, that define the manger and leader are main and
important person in the organisation. They play essential role in achieving growth and
development of business in an effective manner. They are responsible and liable in order to attain
objectives of the company in specific duration. There are several types of situation, in this both
are show their capabilities and skills to sort out all difficulties which are face by the organisation.
Role of leader:
Delegation of authorities: It is also known as situation, where duties are divided among the
employees as per their capability. It will supports in effective completion to work and activity
with together. It is a manger duty in to assign their responsibilities whereas leaders also play
their role to understand that various activities and policies are going in an correct manner.
Employees engagement and participation: It is important and significant for the M&S to reduce
work based issues in a systematic way. Leader and manager tried to create better coordination
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between all workers (Hammill and Tanner, 2011). It is very beneficial in implementing and
utilising positive & effective working environment. So in this all issues such as conflict and
misunderstanding easily sort out effectively and efficiently.
Functions of manager:
Decision-making process: With the help of effective judgement, manager and leader can solve
all issues in a simple and effective way. In M&S, effective decision can easily achieve higher
profitability and success of the company. Leader also play significant role in making better
decision and opinion for this group members to improve their basic knowledge whereas
administrator are conjugated to take judgements in business context. In this organisation, they
faced different problems at workplace (Fayol, 2016). So in this situation, leader make better
judgement and opinion in regard to make strong framework to their group.
Training and development: It is define as a manger function and leader role in order to give
accurate training to their juniors. It is very essential and supportive function to improving actual
competencies and ability of workers. In this situation, they can easily perform better and achieve
business objectives and maximum profit in specific time period. In this program both have same
role and responsibility to giving right training to their employees.
P3 Different types of theories and models
Leadership theory: It is define as a practical area and research area in order to
encompassing the individual skills and capability (leadership Theories, 2015). It is very
important and necessary to the organisational and their top, middle and upper level management
to achieve higher sales and profit of business. There are certain type of leadership style and
model which are determined under this:
Situational leadership: It is define as a part of leadership theory that gives the numerical
foundations to condition semantics. It was formed by Keith Devline and Jon Barwise in 1980.
These model determine the business situation in any condition, so main motive of applying this
is to handle all situation in a systematic manner. Such kind of aspects is mainly depend on
employees skills and abilities which is needed by leader to influence the task completion.
Operation management of M&S can be impacted with the business conditions. They are facing
different issues in the organisation such as maximising cost, in this situation, this theory play
essential duty to sort out this problem.
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System leadership: It is identify as a informal and formal procedures, policies and structure on
the organisation through which theory of leadership which is exercised. Its covers the
communicating, training & development, executing judgement of managers and leader. It is a
leadership theory which is applied by M&S leader in order to handle all activities of employees
as well as communicate with team regarding the actual condition of business entity. They tried to
motivate and encourage their employees regarding their work and needs. In this situation,
organisation make changes in their business operations as well as formulate the strategies and
policies their achievement.
Contingency theory: It is define as, there is low standard to manage and organise the employees
activities in enterprise (Johnstone, 2016). In current scenario, business conditions are changing
day by day which highly influence the action of workers and company activity. With the use of
this style, business organisation can develop their higher profitability and productivity in a
continue basis.
M2 Weaknesses and strength of leadership theories
Situational theory is a important part of the company that give better guidelines to
persons as per their capability and knowledge. But it is difficult and complex to determine the
actual skills and ability of workers. System and contingency theory support organisation in order
to attain its set goals and objectives in a specific time. In difficult situation, all there are help
business to easily find out all issues and reduce them effectively or efficiently.
TASK 3
P4 Key approaches to operational management
Operational management: It is a procedure of handling various business function and
operations in a systematic manner. Needs of this aspects is talented and experienced managers &
leaders to control all activities (Kamel and et. al., 2013). There are certain key approaches and
methods which is used by company manger. These are determined under this:
Dynamic approach: According to this, organisation can try to sort out work based issue. It is a
very essential and necessary aspects which is apply by organisation in regards to solve all
difficulties in less duration as well as ensure best resources utilisation.
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System approach: This aspects mainly based on government policies, rules and regulations.
With the use of these, M&S can easily identify relevant figures and facts which support in
developing free equity environment from the customers.
Just in time: With the use of this, company try to complete entire tasks in specific duration. It is
mainly linked with stock and emphasis to minimise the additional cost of them so that
organisation can give better quality products and services to its clients in reasonable price. It is
also known as pull strategies in regrades to decrease manufacturing and selling overheads.
Total quality management: Main use of this approach is to maintain and maximise the product
quality with the support of innovative plan (Li and et. al., 2011). One of the main and important
part of the organisation is quality I order to attract large number of the buyers as per their needs
and wants. It will selected by M&S to maintain and increase the product quality.
Six sigma: It is another important methods which is presented by Harry and Smith in 1986. it
will includes various kinds of techniques and tools to improve product quality. Main purpose of
selecting this aspects is to maintaining and maximising goods quality by decrease whole defects.
It will mainly focuses to reduce the goods production time, manufacturing cost in order to fulfil
basic requirement of buyers.
MBO: It is define as a management buy objectives which is very important for the each and
every organisation. These tool improve the business performance and effectiveness in an
essential manner. Main motive of using this technique is to clearly identifying objectives and
goals that are formed to by employees and management in an effective or efficient manner. With
the help of this approach business entity can attract large number of the customers and attain
higher profitability.
Lean production: It is a systematic approach of the business entity for minimize their waste
products within manufacturing process and without forfeiture productivity. It is very essential
and beneficial tool of the company because in which they decrees their wastage and increase cost
production. It is helpful for the buyers because in which they highly satisfied.
P5 Value and importance of operational management in gaining business objectives
Operational management concept: It will support in attaining the long term goals and
objectives of the business entity effectively or efficiently. With the use of this elements,
company can solve all problems in a systematic manner. These also support in maintaining
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product quality and increase their quantity as per their customers basic requirement. There are
certain importance of these concepts which are determined under this:
Satisfy byers needs and requirements: Operational management concept is highly focus on the
process of production. All this support M&S in order to attract large number of the clients
towards products or services (Mendis and et. al., 2012). For example: With the use this aspects
business organisation can decrease their cost as well as increase the products quality.
Support in convert input into output: Operational management is very effective and essential
part of the enterprise which aid in coveting its raw material into the finished goods. It will also
support manager in order to determine the resources which is needed to analysis production
procedure which maximise business effectiveness and efficiency.
Attract different buyers: Main feature of operational management is to reduce the production
cost as well as lay on maximising product quality. M&S is capable in regrades to make better
product quality at reasonable price. All are aid in regrades to capture different numbers of
buyers.
Ensure effective and appropriate use of resources: Operational management support the
business manager to plan about future action. It will give best opportunity to administrator to
assign and decide all resource according to departments requirement.
Support in create large number of the revenue: It is main and necessary part of the business
organisation for which employer execute various kind commercial activities and policies.
Operational management play important role in ensuring the product quality which attract
different clients and maximise overall profitability of company.
M3 Managers and leaders can improve effectiveness and efficiency
Both are play essential and significant duty in each and every organisation. Manager is
capable to make innovative idea and determine resources requirement to execute various
business functions and operation (Niknam and et. al., 2011). Leader also an important person to
motivate and encourage their workers in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness of the
business organisation. Without them, an organisation can accomplish its operations and activities
as well as attain end outputs. So both managers and leaders support in improving M&S
efficiency in a systematic manner.
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TASK 4
P6 Factors within the business environment that effect on decision-making
There are two types of factors such as internal and external, both are important as well as
effects the decision-making process and operational management.
Internal factors: These are available in the organisation that impacts business operations and
functions internally. There are certain kind of internal factor which are influence on company.
These are determined under this:
Customers: They are main part of the company that highly effect the business operations. In this
business organisation should try to give better products as per their basic requirement. So they
are satisfied and achieve long term goals nag objectives of firm (Pandey and et. al., 2014). In
this manager play essential role in providing better shape and design to production activity
according to their needs and wants to attract different customers and capture large share in
market.
Employees: They play effective and significant duty in the business success and growth. They
are responsible to give final goods for buyers (Zhang and Chen, 2014). There are certain aspects
which influence the decision-making process such as capabilities, skills, knowledge and power
of workers. In order to make better quality goods as well as accomplish whole operations and
functions in a simple and effective way. In this situation, managers of M&S can organise training
and development section for workers.
Suppliers: They are also main part of the organisation who can easily produce and supply raw
material to organisation for make end goods. Different kinds of suppliers and their link with raw
material quality which is largely influence on leaders and mangers judgements.
External factor: It is also an organisation part that highly influence on operational management
and decision-making process of mangers or leaders (Slack, 2015). There are certain aspects
which is mainly includes in this factors are described under this:
Technological factors: It is main factor of business growth and success. With the use of
advanced technology, company can achieve higher profitability in an essential manner.
Innovative technology system effects the operational management and business activities.
Political factor: Each and every country government play an vital role in business activities
execution. In this political stability, rules, regulations, and policies large effects the decision of
manager (White, 2016). For examples: Legal authorities maximise the tax rate than M&S have
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to give such kind of rate to regime which will increase last cost of business products and
services.
M4 Factors impact business-environment
Leaders and mangers of the M&S use all factors such as internal and external in their
business operation and function. All these are important for the company to increase its
profitability and effectiveness in an effective or systematic manner. In this way, an enterprise can
implement better plan and strategies in order to fulfil buyers basic requirement. In this situation,
business entity can attract large number of the customers as well as capture various market share.
It will generate better image of the firm in the customers mind and reduce employees turnover in
a systematic manner.
D2 Application of operational management that effect on business-environment
As per the Anghileri, (2012) operational management is very essential and important
aspects of organisation that maximise the effectiveness and efficiency of converting process of
raw material into finished goods. Apart from this, such kind of concept highlights different
locations of production division (Zambon and et. al., 2011). There are certain application which
are described under this:
 Operational management application it support manager regarding business activities and
functions with the use of different techniques and effective approaches.
 Another, which is also very essential and important that aid in process of manufacturing
products according to buyers requirement in regards to attract large number of the clients
and capture market share.
CONCLUSION
As per the above mentioned report, that can be concluded that management operational is
very essential and effective concept of all organisation. With the help of these, business entity
can increase their effectiveness and efficiency in a systematic manner. Manager and leader have
different role which is necessary for the achievement of long term objectives and goals.
Company use different kind of leadership theories in order to reduce work-related conflict and
issues in a systematic way. Internal and external factor such as customers, suppliers, political and
technological that influence the decision-making process and operational management. But it is
very important to capture large market share and attract various numbers of the customers
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towards products. Business organisation use different methods such as just-in-time, six sigma
and total quality management. Main purpose of using these aspects is to improving their product
quality
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
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storing facilities. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management.139(5).
pp.492-500.
Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA.
Chen, Z., Wu, L. and Fu, Y., 2012. Real-time price-based demand response management for
residential appliances via stochastic optimization and robust optimization. IEEE
Transactions on Smart Grid. 3(4). pp.1822-1831.
Expósito, A. G. and et. al., 2016. Electric energy systems: analysis and operation. CRC Press.
Eyal, P. O. S. T. and Haim, R., Clarizen Ltd., 2014. System and method for project management
system operation using electronic messaging. U.S. Patent 8,856,246.
Fayol, H., 2016. General and industrial management. Ravenio Books.
Hammill, A. and Tanner, T., 2011. Harmonising climate risk management: Adaptation screening
and assessment tools for development co-operation (No. 36). OECD Publishing.
Johnstone, S., 2016. Labour and Management Co-operation: Workplace Partnership in UK
Financial Services. CRC Press.
Kamel, M. and et. al., 2013. Optimal management and operation of a hybrid energy system based
on wind energy units. J. Electrical Systems. 9(2). pp.191-202.
Li, X. and et. al., 2011. Ion exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB)
applications. Energy & Environmental Science. 4(4). pp.1147-1160.
Mendis, N., Muttaqi, K. M. and Perera, S., 2012, October. Active power management of a super
capacitor-battery hybrid energy storage system for standalone operation of DFIG based
wind turbines. In Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS), 2012 IEEE (pp.
1-8). IEEE.
Niknam, T., Meymand, H. Z. and Mojarrad, H. D., 2011. An efficient algorithm for multi-
objective optimal operation management of distribution network considering fuel cell
power plants. Energy. 36(1). pp.119-132.
Pandey, V., Chao, T. and Leu, D. R., International Business Machines Corporation, 2012. Blade
server system with at least one rack-switch having multiple switches interconnected and
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