Analyzing Empirical Evidence from Pakistani Banks

The provided content includes various research articles and publications related to performance, leadership, and operations management. The studies cover topics such as the impact of school principals' leadership styles on teachers' organizational commitment and job satisfaction, energy management and operation modeling, decision support systems for wastewater treatment plants, and medium-term operation strategies for industrial customers. The articles also explore themes like corporate social responsibility, development processes for functional products, real-time manufacturing operation management, scenario modeling for building operation optimization, and anesthetic management for geriatric patients. Additionally, the content includes studies on integrated photovoltaic systems, operations strategy, percutaneous epiphysiodesis in leg length discrepancy, and water transfer triggering mechanisms for multi-reservoir operation. The articles are from various journals and publications, including Future Business Journal, Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Water, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, and more.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Define and compare roles and characteristics of leader and manager within the
organisation............................................................................................................................1
P2 Example to determines roles of leader and functions of manager which can be apply on
different situation....................................................................................................................2
P3 Theories and models of leadership approach....................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P4 Key approaches to operation management and role of leaders within the enterprise.......5
P5 Importance and value of operation management to achieve business goals and objectives
of Google................................................................................................................................6
P6 Factors within the business environment which create impact on operational management
and leaders .............................................................................................................................7
M1 Theories and concept which can applying at workplace.................................................9
M2 Strength and weaknesses of different approaches to deals with situations......................9
M3 How leaders and managers can improves their efficiencies............................................9
M4 Analysis how different factors can create impact on the business performance.............9
D1 ........................................................................................................................................10
D2.........................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Operations management is concern with different element of the business through
organisation can attain competitive advantages and outcomes at workplace. In this aspect, the
industry need to demonstrate their outcomes through producing products and services within a
company. Present report is based on Google company which providing various type of social and
other services which needed to perform effective functions and operations. In this context,
present report covers roles and characteristic of leader and manager at workplace. Furthermore, it
includes theories and model which includes to determine solution within the company.
Moreover, it also includes factors which create impact on business environment of the cited firm.
In addition to this, it involves importance and value of operation management to achieve
business goals. At last, it demonstrates key approaches to operation management and role of
leader.
TASK 1
P1 Define and compare roles and characteristics of leader and manager within the organisation
Leaders of the organisation possess effective qualities to encourages employee to attain
objectives and goals of Google company (Asrar-ul-Haq and Kuchinke, 2016). On the other hand,
manager possess characteristic to reinforce their mission and vision within the enterprise. It will
enhance profits and revenue of the company and it provides opportunities to encompasses for
achieving goals and objectives. They both are different from each other in the following aspects
(Aydin, Sarier and Uysal, 2013).
 Leaders of Google give direction to their member through they can achieve their targets
and profits at workplace. However, manager of the business only take decisions regarding
maintaining goals and objectives at workplace.
 Within the chosen enterprise, leaders focus on effective results and goals and make
strategies to achieve them. They are demonstrates way through they can easily implement
plan and accomplish business targets (Baboli and et.al., 2014). On the other hand,
manager of Google focus on their goals only which they are interest to achieve in
systematic way.
 With the help of leadership qualities, leaders of the business determines roles through
they can make effective and efficient people to achieve goals and objectives. As compare
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to this, manager of the chosen organisation always determines their roles through taking
views and opinion of different employee at workplace (Caniani and et.al., 2015).
 In Google company leaders make plan with proper direction and outcomes which they
want to achieve through working together. They are demonstrating strategy which assist
to make effective results and performances at workplace. However, manager of the
chosen organisation deals to meet with their objectives to attract potential customer. This
is because, they are only determines functions to enhance profits and revenue (Asrar-ul-
Haq and Kuchinke, 2016).
 Another basis is risk element on which Google can achieve their targets and goals at
workplace with the help of leadership. In this aspect, new things made by leaders to
possess effective functions and operations. As compare to this, manager of the cited firm
trying to reduce risk through they can achieve their targets and maintains customer
sustainability.
 Employees are motivates by leaders through participating in achieving goals and
objectives. In this way, they can easily manage business outcomes and operations through
determine right thing. Beside this, managers gives proper instruction to entail job and
performances for better and smooth functions at workplace. It can make profitability with
effective performances and outcomes at workplace (Asrar-ul-Haq and Kuchinke, 2016).
In order to explain role of manager and leader various theories are implemented.
Contingency theory is one of them. Under this management theory, manager is able to develop
strategies on the basis of internal and external conditions. This is also known as task- oriented or
result- oriented. Under this strategies are being implemented in order to improve brand value and
position. Along with this they try to improve working experience. It helps the manager in order
to control and various conditions and circumstances. Under this role of manager is to provide
directions by providing proper strategies.
Contingency model is also effectively implemented for leadership. In order to
successfully implement this approach various elements are considered such as subordinated,
work and workers. Through this approach leader motivates employees for performing their job
effectively to meet organisational objective. Along with this it also helps to maintain quality and
effectiveness of decision. For this self evaluation is considered as an important factors. It
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helps ,in order to improve shape and structure of organisation. Under this model leader is
providing motivations in order to influence employees for effective work.
P2 Example to determines roles of leader and functions of manager which can be apply on
different situation
 Within Google company, functions of manager determines important role at workplace.
 It assists to enhance results and performances that can be done through reducing negative
impact (Aydin, Sarier and Uysal, 2013).
 The company is owing their functions in public so that they can achieve more customer at
workplace.
 Google founder Larry Page and Sergey Brin are search this and exploring various
benefits in it.
 They are demonstrating different benefits from properties of world wide web (Caniani
and et.al., 2015).
 They both are participating in effective way through they can easily attract various
customer at workplace.
They both are working as leader and manager of the business so that it is important to
perform functions with effective role (Lindström and et.al., 2012). Following are different
business situations examples in which leader and manager perform their roles and functions
respectively:
Change in system:
 In the chosen company, leaders possess functions through acts as advocate to that they
have made roles different at each level (Asrar-ul-Haq and Kuchinke, 2016). For example,
changes in company system create major impact on the business so that leader always
take initiative to determines effective results and performance.
 On the other hand, manager function is that to arrange resources which assist to make
effective results and performances. In this way, political capital is requires give full and
proper attention at every level of the enterprise to demonstrate changes (Neumann and
Neumann, 2013).
Working performances of employee:
 Employee of the chosen firm is not effectively working to achieve their goals and
objectives.
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 They are take part within the company, through assign effective duty to attain
profitability. As results, it creates problems for developing ideas and relations at
workplace (Du and et.al., 2013).
 Different people possess various perception and opinion to particular elements. Hence,
changes in behaviour and attitude create problem on business performances of Google.
 Role model assist to assign duty and responsibility to each member so that they can
achieve targets and positive outcomes at workplace.
 With the help of developing relationship, manager of the company determines situation in
which performance can be measure (Aydin, Sarier and Uysal, 2013).
 Business structure not easily handle by manager so that they have responsibilities to
demonstrate each person role at workplace.
Decision-making power
 Within Google company, decision-making power is not effective so that it affect to
business performances. This is because, manager change their goals again and again so
that leaders are unable to make strategies at a time.
 In this aspect, decisions power of the company is not effective that create adverse impact
on the business operations (Asrar-ul-Haq and Kuchinke, 2016).
 In this situation, manager of the enterprise has function to set goals and objectives
appropriate.
 Leaders need to set strategies according to their convenience.
The role and responsibilities of manager and leader is also dependent on situations. On
the basis of different conditions changes are introduced into strategies. It helps the organisation
in understanding their weaknesses. With the help of situational model, changes can be
implemented effectively. For example, if company is facing the problem of decreasing shares,
diminished brand image, complain related to the quality of products, then to effectively handle
all these conditions all the strategies are being implemented by manager and leader.
Manager consider various facts and figures, in order to evaluate weaknesses. On the basis
of that improvisations are being implemented. All the changes are described to employees, it
helps in order to understand the need of modifications. To overcome the existing situation
directions are also being provided by him. They encourage and motivated employees for
effective performance. Along with this task is distributed among small groups. So that effective
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results can be generated. While implementing changes into the organisational structure, initially
employees will not be aware with its needs. Therefore, they will not support. Manager of the
organisation will provide needs and justification about the changes. Along with this they
convince employees in order into provided direction. Leader also clear doubts related the
changes and motivated employees in order to make positive efforts to achieve objective.
P3 Theories and models of leadership approach
Within the Google company, there are various elements in which different types of
theories can be taken which make successful operations. In this aspect, following theories can be
taken at workplace:
Situational leadership style
This is the powerful model which assist to handle different situations of the chosen
business. In this aspect, the company is able to solve their problem to make effective results and
performance. Leaders demonstrate their different roles and responsibilities to examine
performances of various person at workplace.
According to this leadership, no style is perfect. This is considered as one of the flexible
leadership model, as modifications can be implemented on the basis of requirements. Along with
this strategies are can be changes according to the structure of organisation. For this process is
distributed into four styles such as telling, selling, participating and delegating. Under telling
style, all the directions and guidance are provided by leaders along with this all the steps are
closely monitored. In selling step, situations are being explained by leaders. On the basis of
descriptions employee takes necessary steps. Participating steps considered for decision-making
step. With the help of this step leaders are able to get new ideas and thoughts. It provides wide
range of opportunities in order to make effective changes. The biggest limitation of this style is
it creates extra pressure on the system and employees.
Contingency Leadership theory
In this type of leadership style, leader emphasizing on situation which assist to make
effective results and performances. In this way, they can easily lead with various factors that
creates impact on the business operations and performances. Thus, Google company can handle
different types of situations through ascertain results and performances at workplace.
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This is considered as an effective leadership approach in order to implement decisions and
strategies. This approach is being implemented by leading organisation. Under this leadership
model, all the internal and external factors are being considered. Before, implementation of any
strategies demand and need are considered effectively. The weakness while implementing this
theory can be consider as, testing of the process become more complex.
System leadership theory
This style is based on improvement model which assist to make effective system at
workplace. Improvements are based on understanding performances and outcomes which can be
frame such development needs at workplace. It assists to manager to increase their skills and
ideas at workplace.
Through this leadership method, analysis and evaluation of essential factors become
more effective. For this several environmental models are being considered by him. On the basis
of generated results, changes are being implemented. It also helps to determine complications,
while interaction of natural and artificial interface. For effective implementation strategies are
distributed into small tasks. The weakness while implementing this theory can be consider as,
implementation process is very complicated and difficult.
TASK 2
P4 Key approaches to operation management and role of leaders within the enterprise
Operation management is areas which concern with different elements such as designing
and controlling process of Google. In this aspect, there are various responsibilities of leader at
workplace (Ding, Sarikprueck and Lee, 2016). In this context, they are develops business
outcomes and operations which enhance profits and outcomes within the organisation. Key
approaches are demonstrates several benefits at workplace which determines positive impact on
the decision-making process of the enterprise. Manager and leader both are determines their
effective role through they can achieve business goals and objectives. They are as follows:
Role of leader
Leaders of the organisation possess following role at workplace:
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 Determines clear vision of the organisation: Main role of Google company is to set clear
vision which can influence to objectives of the company. Leaders of the chosen enterprise
concentrate on mission of their workplace which assist to make decisions regarding
business operations (Abbou, Dillet and Lottin, 2015). In this aspect, according to workers
capabilities and efficiencies, leader lead to their employee so that they can easily
accomplish goals at workplace.
 Motivates to employee: Another role of leader is to motivate employee at workplace. In
this aspect, they are performs various functions and operations which assist to make
sustainability of worker at Google company. In this aspect, leaders need to work very
carefully with employee so that they can achieve effective goals and objectives at
workplace (Song, Choi and Cho, 2015).
 Build morality at workplace: Leader of the chosen organisation also possess roles and
responsibilities to pull each person to work together. In this aspect, all organisational
member are work for common goals and objectives. It will give effective participation
and engagement of employee in business objectives and goals (Slack, 2015).
Role of manager
Manager of the cited firm possess following role at workplace:
 Work as leader: In order to make successful operations, Google company need to make
effective results through focusing on leadership skills. With the help of leadership skills,
every manager motivate to employee to attain business goals and objectives. In this
aspect, interpersonal, intangible and many other skills are requires handle operations of
the business environment (O’Donnell, Keane and Bazjanac, 2013).
 Organise things: In respect to accomplish objectives and goals, manager organise
different things at workplace which assist to manage outcomes and operations at
workplace. In this way, best results can be achieve through setting goals and objectives.
As results, arrangement can be made at workplace which determines effective functions
and operations (Sechilariu, Wang and Locment, 2013). Establish targets and goals: Positive results of the organisation can be ascertain through
focusing on different things which require perform various functions and operations at
workplace. In this aspect, Google company can set their targets with manager of
company which assist to gain competitive advantages and outcomes. It will also assist to
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demonstrate roles and responsibilities of the chosen organisation member. Thus, it can be
encompasses with operating functions and operations at workplace (Prajwal Patel, Dutta
and Gandhi, 2016).
Six sigma
This is considered as an essential tool in order to analyse identify and remove various
manufacturing risks. Through implementing this method organisations are able to analyse all the
defects and weakness related to the products and services. On the basis of developed statistics
various changes are implemented. It helps in order to improve quality and experience of
products. With the help of this approach organisation is able to improve their reputation.
TQM
Total time management it refers to the process of implementing strategies by considering
long term positive impact on company. Under this total time is considered as factors in order to
improve quality of products. Various changes are introduced in order to improve quality of
products by involving maximum number of employees. For this various strategies are introduced
and effective communication skills are required to make all the decisions clear among working
staff of organisation.
JIT
It is considered as a belief, through which organisation is able to reduce and avoid
wastage. The major objective of implementing this strategies is to meet demands of clients by
increasing quality of products. For this various innovative and creative steps are considered in
order to make all the changes more efficient. It enable the organisation to eliminate wastage
production during the development process. Effectively reduces the production cost.
P5 Importance and value of operation management to achieve business goals and objectives of
Google
Manager of the chosen enterprise demonstrate various types of functions and operations
which assist to manage outcomes at workplace. In this aspect, planning, staffing and controlling
activities are performs at workplace. In this way, effective functions and goals are need to be
undertake that describes to set targets and outcomes at workplace. It will lead to manage business
results and performance which can assist to gain competitive advantages (Sechilariu, Wang and
Locment, 2013). In order to make successful operations, manager of the company possess role
8

which determines to generate positive results and performances. It also encompasses to
demonstrate services of the business which deliver to ascertain positive results. As results,
productivity can be ascertain that determines through products and services.
Importance of operation management
Operation management assist to control on system of the business which manage
outcomes and positive results at workplace. In this aspect, Google company deals with design
operations and improvements methods that make effective results and performances at
workplace. In addition to this, primary products are also dealing with effective and qualitative
performance that assist to develop outcomes and operations at workplace (Liu, Wang and Zhang,
2015). In this way, management has responsibilities to designing various operations through the
cited firm can achieve the best results at workplace. In this way, manager ensure that efficiencies
can sustain at workplace which deliver positive performance and outcomes of the enterprise. In
addition to this, the company is also using well resources at workplace which manage results and
performance to attain competitive advantages within the market. As results, they can achieve
targets and objectives at workplace (Zeng, Hu and Li, 2014).
In addition to this, operation management also maximise shareholders values which can
be manage through delivering effective results and performance at workplace. In this way,
different types of resources are carries which demonstrate advantages at workplace. For example,
intangible and tangible resources are categories at workplace which need to be manage at
workplace. It also improves satisfaction of customer through providing them effective services
and products. Thus, it makes sustainability of them towards the company so that objectives can
be ascertains at workplace (Caniani and et.al., 2015). Further, operation management also assist
to concentrate on different element that describes to make proper facilities to each customer who
are perform functions and operations in effective way. It assists to maximise shareholders values
which provides various benefits such as human resources, input and other elements.
Values of operation management
Beside this, operation management also concentrate on reducing of production cost which
ensure tangible and intangible resources that carries various operations and outcomes at
workplace. In this aspect, management activities and ideas must be develops at workplace of
Google so that they can easily attain profits and positive results (Lindström and et.al., 2012). It
creates values to the customer within the organisation to provide them effective products and
9

services. This is because, taste and preferences of the business are identified at workplace which
assist to improve performances. It will assist to make brand reputation of company through they
can analysis business outcomes within the marketplace.
Lean production
Lean production system assist to get effective results and performances to deal with
various situation at workplace. It determines high performances and outcomes for improves
performances and results. It will assist to get effective results and process of Google company for
ascertain profitability.
Total quality management
Total quality management is the technique which is used by the firm to manage standard
of all resources at workplace. As results, they can easily manage their performances through
making profitability at workplace.
Just in time
Just in time is also important activity which determines effective results and
performances through providing services on time. Thus, they will easily encourage customer to
purchase products and services of the market.
Continuous improvement
Continuous improvement is also determines standard performances of Google company
which determine through ascertain profits and revenue within specific time period. As results,
they can easily grow their operations and outcomes in systematic way.
Following are the ways to make operation management process more effective:
 Controlling distribution system: The process of planning and controlling is considered
as essential stage. With the help of this step organisation is able to identify their needs.
On the basis of that changes are implemented. All the implemented changes are
monitored in order to analyse their effectiveness. To present services into market
distribution channel is required. With the help of effective distribution channel
organisation is able to provide their services directly to their clients.
 Transformation of goods into services: This is considered as a process through which
raw material is converted into respective products. For this proper procedure and
strategies are need to be implemented. In order to measure quality of services various
testing measures are also considered.
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 Process design: Process designing refers to the planning and development strategy of
services and products. Through implementing this method organisation is able to provide
input to the system in order to generate effective output. The success of process depends
on the quality of output generated by system.
 Managing capacity: It refers to the ability of handling resource effectively. In this
process proper balancing and quality of meeting demands is essential. In this step various
factors are considered such as material, technique, strategies and capacity. The
smoothness of the process is necessity of every organisation.
 Inventory management: This step is implemented in order to check and analyse the
stock and distribution channel involved into the process. In order to generate effective
results all the implemented steps must be logically sound. In this process both hardware
and software are implemented in order to manage process effectively.
 Scheduling: In order to optimise processing of work by controlling and composing. To
achieve this various plans and strategies are implemented in order to meet before the
deadline. It helps the organisation in order to improve quality and reduces expenditure of
the development process.
P6 Factors within the business environment which create impact on operational management and
leaders
Operation management is crucial aspect of the company which encompasses to make
plan for development. Leaders set their goals and objectives through they can make activities and
operations in effective way (Baboli and et.al., 2014). In this aspect, Google can deliver their
performance with making cost effective products and services. It can be lead with efficient
system that take place for achieve common goals and objectives. There are various factors which
create impact on the business performance of google are as follows:
 Work process:In respect to perform effective functions and operations, Google need to
make proper work so that they can accomplish best results and output. In this element,
manager need to make effective results which build effective plan and operations.
Management also take functions and operations to ascertain efficient system and process
(Neumann and Neumann, 2013).
11

 Employee training: Employee training requires perform functions and operations which
create impact on the operations. When Google perform functions with effective training
to employee, they can easily develop outcomes and operations at workplace. It assists to
enhance employee skills and knowledge to perform functions and operations. In this way,
various tasks takes at workplace which demonstrate planning to make effective functions
and operations (Du and et.al., 2013). Manager also need to understand planning system of
the company which determines roles through arrangement can be made for enhance
profits and revenue.
 Return on investment: This factor also create major impact on Google performances. This
is because, it encompasses high impact on the business performance which need to be
manage for development of the company. In this aspect, return in investment give various
benefits which undertake for organisation activities and performance. In addition to this,
it is also demonstrates benefits to ascertain positive results and performance at workplace
(Aydin, Sarier and Uysal, 2013). It determines different opportunities to the company that
can be take through create better impact on organisation performances.
 Brand impact: Google company has brand value which assist to attract various customer
at workplace. It determines outcomes that are beneficial to ascertain outcomes and
performance of employee at workplace. Therefore, employee need to be take part to
attract various customer towards the business. The company need to take decisions which
enhance sales of the business with creating better value within the enterprise (Asrar-ul-
Haq and Kuchinke, 2016). The chosen organisation can also emphasize to produce new
products and services at workplace. It will assist to gain more profits and revenue at
workplace.
 Corporate social responsibilities: In this aspect, Google need to concentrate on various
outcomes and performances. In this way, they have to determine effective results and
performances for ascertain corporate social responsibilities.
 Business ethics: Business ethics determines such norms which need to be follow by
Google company which demonstrate effective results and performances at workplace. In
this aspect, all rules and regulation and acts need to be follow by the company to
demonstrate various benefits at workplace.
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 Stakeholders: Stakeholders are also take very important part to achieve goals and
objectives of Google company. In this aspect, they are providing money to the company
so that they can enhance their operations and functions in different areas of the nation.
It is critically evaluated that there are various factors creating impact on the operational
management of the organisation. Such as controlling and distribution system, transformation,
processing, inventory management and scheduling. These all steps are essential in order to meet
objective. Through controlling and distribution organisation is able to manage controlling and
distribution channel. It helps the organisation to analyse quality of services. Another step is
transformation, under which the all the steps are considered between the input and output
process. With the help of this step quality of products is analysed. Inventory step is implemented
in order to analyse and determine stock and availability of products. For this both hardware and
software are implemented. Last step of this process is scheduling. Through this step all the tasks
are arranged and controlled in order to complete process within deadline.
M1 Theories and concept which can applying at workplace
In order to determines roles of leader and function of manager trait theory can be
describes at workplace. It encompasses with different types of situations and task that
significantly create impact on business performances. With the help of situational leadership
style, leader can influence to employee which assist to make flexibility at workplace (Caniani
and et.al., 2015). There are diverse workforce which need to be manage at workplace so that
operations can be ascertain at global environment. It will assist to make effective functions and
operations which need to be cover for developing ideas and opinion.
M2 Strength and weaknesses of different approaches to deals with situations
Within the business, various types of people are working with their effective operations
and outcomes. In this aspect, different perception also made at workplace which create issue to
perform functions and operations. As results, it is very important to make careful activities
through Google can achieve their targets and goals. With the help of employee participation
method, decisions are made at workplace (Zeng, Hu and Li, 2014). It will give effective ideas
and opinion to make decisions at workplace. On the other hand, it also creates conflicts at
workplace.
13

M3 How leaders and managers can improves their efficiencies
In order to achieve business objectives, there are various elements in which managers and
leaders can improves their performances. In this aspect, time management assist to create
management at workplace. In this aspect, time-frame is made to each activity and performances.
In addition to this, Google can also use feedback from their employee regarding working
environment of the company (Prajwal Patel, Dutta and Gandhi, 2016). It will assist to find issue
for workers of the company. As results, they are easily attains objectives and goals of the
company.
M4 Analysis how different factors can create impact on the business performance
In order to perform different types of functions, political, economical, social,
technological, legal and environment factors create major impact on the business. Political
factors are encompasses with different policies which need to be taken at workplace for assess
impact on the business for instance, fiscal and monetary policies. Further, economic factors of
company create impact due to inflation and currency exchange rates. It generates impact on
purchasing power of the customer. In addition to this, social factors are creates impact due to
changes in customer requirement. Technological factors are creates high demand of particular
products and services at workplace (Lindström and et.al., 2012). Apart from this, all legal laws
are encompasses to generate positive perception in front of customer. Thereafter, environmental
factors are creating impact due to use of poly bags so that the business need to concentrate on
effective and qualitative performance at workplace.
D1
Leadership theories determines ways through leader handle situation of the company. As
per the view of (Caniani and et.al., 2015), trait theory of leadership encompasses to attain
business objectives and goals with inbuilt leadership qualities. In this aspect, the firm need to
concentrate on each and every activities which need to be perform at workplace.
D2
According to (Liu, Wang and Zhang, 2015), stated that operation management is
determines different factors that are creates wider impact on the business operations. Thus, the
chosen company need
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CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been articulated that manager and leader of Google
company need to focus on their business environment. They both are possessed effective role
and outcomes to make profitability at workplace. In this aspect, different types of leadership
theory need to be ascertain at workplace which encompasses to develop positive results and
performances at workplace. Furthermore, it summarized that at marketplace there are various
elements which create impact when the company operate functions at international market. In
this aspect, operation management need to be focus through different elements at workplace.
15

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