Role of Leader and Functions Managers

This report examines the importance of operation management, highlighting the roles and responsibilities of leaders and managers. It discusses how these individuals work within organizations, including the kinds of decisions they make and how they handle challenges. The report also touches on the factors that affect businesses, such as changing environmental conditions, and how these can impact operational management.

Management and Operations

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
P1 Defining and comparing the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager...1
M1................................................................................................................................................3
P2 The role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational contexts.. .3
P3 Examining the theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency: -......................................................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P4 Approaches of operation management with the played role of leader and manger...............6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P5 Importance and values of operation management to achieve objectives:..............................8
P6 Factors in some business environments that impact upon operation management and
decision making by managers and leaders:.................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organizational structure show roles and responsibility are assigned and controlled or
monitored by the top management. It is hierarchical model of communication flows line of
authority, assigning duties. In that context we distinguished the roles and responsibility of the
leader and manager appreciation roles and responsibility of the leader and manager key
responsibility area of management. For this project, Sainsbury has been selected which is leading
retailer that offers fresh food and then later expanded with packaged groceries such as tea and
sugar. Organization Management regulates the optimum utilization of resources by increasing
man's productive activity (Pagano and et.at., 2014). Management provides leadership in context
of integrating force in all courses of action. Management purposes to create maintains and direct
line of communication through by the systematic process. Organizational structure shows both
the informal and formal framework of the organization. This structure includes division structure
which contains an identified group of employees together by task, location and productivity.
Functional structure that depends and function of the organization for example marketing, sales,
production. In order of achieving the organization goal and objective there is need to assigning
prompt task and activity.
P1 Defining and comparing the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager
Characteristics
and Roles
Leader Manager
1.Focus Leader create a vision for example
Sainsbury’s leader Mr. John James Sainsbury
have a vision to expand his business from a
retailer to 2nd largest chain management in
UK.
Managers in Sainsbury emphasise
on setting and accomplishing the
goals and objectivity set by the
top management.
2.Approach Leaders are sets direction and accomplishing
for that they direct courses of action. MR.
John James Sainsbury set the approach
Managers approaches are plan
details. In management of
Sainsbury there are planned

quality perfect, and prices lower for that he
sets the direction.
details of manager which can be
asses by the top management.
3.Aim From leader point of view their main aim is
growth and development. MR. John James
Sainsbury aim is development of their retail
business and diversified into various
company.
From manager point of view their
main aim is to be accomplishing
the desired result of the company
by taking all courses of action
and responsibility.
4.Meaning A leader is person who influencing the
subordinates to achieve a specific goal and
objective by directing them in right way or
monitoring them.
A manager takes all the
responsibility of planning,
organizing, directing and
controlling the resources of the
organization.
5.Strives A leader strives for the effectiveness and
aligning peoples in the context of remove
complexity from the work.
A manager strives for the
efficiency and working for that
manager need to make decision
for attainment of the required
result
Leaders and manager are play some major roles in organization. For instance, a leader concerns
with daily work with the goals and manger focusing on the standard or short term goal for the
company (Sallis, E., 2014.).
Company performance largely depends upon its leadership styles. In beginning year of sainsbury
was market leader in the UK but now company held the position no.3 in UK. For reviving that
position company need to change his leadership style.
Leaders are expert in emotional intelligence and know how to applying in that strategy
for attains the best work out of the subordinate. While manager have the authority on the base of

their roles for instance financial activity, production activity etc. leaders are adept to very focus
on changes in the organization while manager resists the changes. Sainsbury create changes in
administration department for creating shared focus and develop power with people. While
managers of the company are focused the exercise power over people and takes credit. Leaders
are vision oriented, protects staff (motivator to staff for achieving goals &objective), staff
oriented, deals with conflict in the organization while managers are approaches decision
cautiously with his superior and career oriented and avoiding conflict in the organization. In an
organization leaders set the overall & future direction, focuses on result and seek to create
needed changes. Managers are process oriented, set day by day direction and seek to stability
change (Bolden, R., 2016.).
M1
Sainsbury need to adopt the modern organization theorise like modern organization theories
that contains systematic approach and contingency approach. In this study organization need to
identified both internal and external variables of the organization. This approach suggests the
need, requirement, and situation of particular concern. For administration changes Sainsbury
need to identified new opportunities in emerging sectors. After the retirement of sir Robert
Sainsbury retirement Mr John Devan who become CEO of the organization had adopted a
forceful and autocratic leadership style. Organization began the leadership theories in October
2004 after the developing the five values in leadership theories. The five values are: -
 Individual responsibility, but focusing on team work.
 treat every pound as you earn in the organization
 Great Services drives sales.
 Respect for each individual in the organization.
 Getting better every day by enchaining the skill.
P2 The role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational contexts.
Situational approach of leadership states the condition changes the leadership style also
changes with combination of traits and behaviours. The leader needs to reacts the situation with
accurate tasks and relationship behaviour (Chatzoglou, P. and Chatzoudes, D., 2016).

The roles of leaders: -
Required at the all levels: - leadership required in all level of management for instance top
level management leader provide information and guideline to upper level for formulating plans
and strategy in the organization in middle management leader remove conflicts between top
management and providing guidelines in middle level of management. In middle and lower
management, it is required to interpretation and execution of strategy in the organization.
Role model: - The right leadership can be identified the issues and willing power to instil
passion throughout the people. Role model of leader means the project and nature work of the
organization required better performance and skill set of the leader. Leader can provide
leadership by making the excellence framework in his functional area and active in making of
strategic planning. Leaders plays various roles in the organization according to situation leader
understand and interpret the management environment which the company works. According to
the situation he adopts the strategies and execute them with proper planning. in Sainsbury
company leader measure the impact of strategies and adjusted strategies (Hitt, M.A., Xu, K. and
Carnes, C.M., 2016).
Strategy and tactics: - strategy means the plan of the company follows in order to be successful
and profitable whereas tactics refers to the following steps to achieve those tasks and objective.
Leadership have ability to take courses of action and ability to making prompt strategies which
combined with an instinct drive to the best for the organization. A leader through his skill helps
him in reconciling the personal goals of the organization.
Function of a manager: - A effective manager has various roles to play for instance
planning, organizing, directing, controlling, and staffing.
1.Department manager: - department manager plays the vital roles in department. In Sainsbury
the departmental manager mange the stock inventory of the company. Retail department
manager responsible for the checking in materials and maintaining the invoices of per store
operating procedure. Signage help the customers find product and department manager makes

confirm to perform putting up sells signs to alerts customers. Department manager also
monitoring signage while period of sells out and moving displaced sales sign in prompt place.
2.Managerial skills: - manger plays various roles in setting up an objective/goals. Assigning
roles and responsibility to the employees making them accounting or liable for their work.
Establishing the target and standard performance. ensuring that company will move right
direction for accomplishing goals and objective. Manager build team management development
activities and being and important and supportive team setting overall direction for the team.
Manager makes optimum utilization of resources and capital.
3.Decision maker: - manager analyse the possibility of the company development and
implement the strategic changes in the organization. Manger gather all the information of all
activities which are essentials in decision making. Manager transmits the important information
to the top management for the various changes in the organization structure. Resource allocator
role- manager distribute the resources between various department in the organization and
regulate or monitoring them in the usage of work prioritizing tasks and procedure.
P3 Examining the theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency: -
In effectiveness of leadership requires leader’s qualities and skills to connect with
subordinate. The term of leadership is so large and sensed to be so critical. There are four
approaches of leadership for instance Traits theory, Behaviours tics theory, and contingency
theory.
Situational leadership Theory: - Under this approach a leader or manager of an organization
must change his style and skill to fit the development of the organization. in Sainsbury company
leader or manager take part of decision according to the situation for instance situational decision
regarding merger and acquisition of the organization. The style of a leader uses under the
situational leadership is depend upon change of integrity level of pronouncement and supportive
behaviour. While using this approach in the organization leaders and managers follows certain

rules and procedure 1. telling and directing – giving the guidelines of the employees and simply
do exactly what they are told by the managers and leaders. 2.selling and coaching- related to day
to day functioning in the organization. 3. Participating and supporting-leaders and managers
gives responsibility to the employees and subordinate for motivating them. 4. Considering
development level- development level of an organization determine the situational leadership
style of a leader.
System leadership theory: - Systematic leadership contains all formal and informal
organizational, structure, policies, procedure through with the leadership have been exercised. It
includes the systematic process of mechanism of making decision and communicate with all
identified persons and proper executing that decision. System leadership contains two attribute in
the organization 1. collaborative 2. Crosses boundaries. The practice of system leadership in the
organization can be generalize from the assessing keys activities which engaged in complex
system in the organization. There is some framework for the system leadership theories: - A
framework for abstract system change, framework for leadership for the common goal,
highlights the diversity of critical leadership style in the organization.
Contingency leadership style and theory: - This theory moves beyond from the behaviours
and traits approaches. In organization while using this leadership style assuming that style and
behaviours that cannot be influenced or modified. Situation defined in the organization -leader
member relation, task structure, positioning power.
TASK 3
P4 Approaches of operation management with the played role of leader and manger
The operation management is an area of management who designing, controlling all the
organizations. It maintains all the responsibilities of organizations. The operation management is
involves all the services of customers, and they manage all the working of employees they can
also manage the quality of products and full-the customers’ requirements. Operation
management

covers all sectors like banking systems, companies, hospitals, they function require management
day-day growth of business (Marquis, B.L. and Huston, C.J., 2009). They can also handle quality
of row materials, products of services etc.
Business Process Redesign(BPR)- The BPR is also known as business process re-
engineering. They maintain quality of products, services, and cost of the products. They redesign
of products and launch them (Bolden, R., 2016). They develop cost of products and implement
them. For example, in a market company launched new products the cost and manufacturing is
better to other companies. So comparison to other company they can also launched the better
product in a market, so they redesign the all products.
To role of manager- The manger examine the all products and compare to other companies then
redesign all products and launch them in the market.
The role of leader- the leader checks the popularity of products, they examine products working,
and full-fill customers’ demands (Chattopadhyay, U. and Bhawsar, P., 2017).
The theory applied to Sainsbury’s business- they compered to products in other companies and
examine the fault of products and redesign them.
Six Sigma- the six sigma is quality control program's they focused on customer
requirements, improving customer retention, customer’s services. The six sigma applicable for
industries. They also handled financial projects (Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2016.).
Why implement six sigma- to implement six sigma’s because the increase products
quality, increase efficiency, find the fault in products. The reasons to implement six sigma’s:
To full-fill all faults in process cycle-time.
Increasing customer satisfaction.
To examine all defects in products.
To handle all growth of products.
All reasons company allows ton implements six sigma’s’’.
The six sigma's have five steps: the first is “define” the second is “measure” the third is
“analyst the fourth is “improve” and last five is control.
These steps are describing how they define the projects and how they measure and then analyze
the project and develop them. After that how to control projects.

TASK 4
P5 Importance and values of operation management to achieve objectives:
The operation management is fundamental part of organizations. Importance of operation
management is they analyze all the problems and solve them. They control all the service in all
departments. To manage all things in company. The operation management supply all the
activities to the organizations (Mahadevan, B., 2015.). They making products as per
requirements to the customers. The operation management has the three main functions
(marketing, finance and operations).
To achieve objectives, the objective should be clearly identifying and in well-structured form.
The two main objective in operation managements is:
1. cost objective: cost objective is for labors and materials, they sale products in low cost
and they provide low level services so customer is fully satisfied with company. for
example- some people work from they started online business so they give home delivery
service which is free of cost so customer fully satisfied with this service.
2. performance objectives: they increasing efficiency and effectiveness, they provide good
quality of products so customer can have satisfied with product. They care of customer
needs and they increasing flexibility of products. They can also utilize the capacity of
products.
How to achieve this objectives: They achieve objective in operation management. The
management provide low cost services and so customer is fully satisfied with company and
companies products and the company can also increase their efficiency power and providing
good services to customers. The cost objectives are the main objectives for a company. The
management should know all the products qualities and what are the defects in products. The
company is fully responsible for his good quality (Evans, 2017). The achievement of operation
management is managing all the company employees working quality. The company always
knows the defects in which products and full fill that. In operation management Sainsbury’s also
applied low cost products to full-fill customer’s needs, Sainsbury’s sales fresh foods in market in
retailer price.

P6 Factors in some business environments that impact upon operation management and decision
making by managers and leaders:
It a very important for any business organizations to interact with business environments.
These environments directly connected to organizations. The business environments mean all of
internal and external factors who affect to company’s functions including customers, employees,
management and suppliers and buyers. Business environments is the combinations of internal
and external factors.
The business environment includes factors such as:
Micro-factors
the macro environment factors affect its performance and decision making freedom and
factors includes customers, suppliers, distributions channels and the general public.
1. Suppliers: The suppliers control the success of the business; they hold largest power of
the business who supply their goods.
2. The re seller: the products are launched in a market and the 3rd party seller also launched
the same products like wholesaler, retailer etc. then the market success is going to the 3rd
party Seller.
3. The customers: the customers are B2B, B2C, local and international.
4. The competition: the same product produce in a market that's directly impact goes to your
products.
5. The general public: the organizations have duty to satisfied to customer’s actions of your
companies what impact on general company.
Macro-factor
The macro environment factors affect its performance and decision making freedom. this
factors include economic, political, social conditions, technological changes.
1. Economic factors: this economic factors affect both organizations and customers.
2. Technological factors: the technological factors are helps to sales products in markets
(Morden, T., 2017).
3. Political factors: the political factors are affect to new companies they manage all the legal
formalities of governments. Company provide legal products in market (Wang, Yet.al., 2015).

4. Social factors: The social factors are the company attached socially to customer they give
discount in festivals.
5. Natural factors: Natural disaster is impact to the organizations. The company causes by
natural disasters. The company going to loss by natural disaster and they closed it.
In the business environments manger and the leader take decision for the company to
identify all the fault of company they change the products material and then launch to market.
They launch unique products in market no one can copy that.
Sainsbury's also knows about the products of cost and they identify in the market that 3rd party
have same products or not. If Sainsbury’s started business in India they also complete legal
formalities. The impact of social factors in Sainsbury’s company they give discounts in products
on the festivals. The company get good benefits.
CONCLUSION
With the help of this report it has been found that what are the role of leader and
functions managers and how they impact to organizations. It has been found the approaches and
factors of business environments and how they applied to organizations. How the manager and
leader worked in organizations what kinds of roles they played in operation management. With
the help of this report the we know the importance or values of operation managements, and how
to achieves objectives in management. We also found that the factors of businesses environments
are impacts to operation managements and what decisions are the manger and leader handled
(Klingner and et.at., 2015).

REFERENCES
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Chatzoglou, P. and Chatzoudes, D., 2016. Factors affecting e-business adoption in SMEs: an
empirical research. Journal of Enterprise Information Management.29(3). pp.327-358.
Hamilton, L. and Webster, P., 2015. The international business environment. Oxford University
Press, USA.
Heizer, J., 2016. Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India.
Hitt, M.A., Xu, K. and Carnes, C.M., 2016. Resource based theory in operations management
research. Journal of Operations Management. 41. pp.77-94.
Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H.R., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning,
scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Klingner, D et.at., 2015. Public personnel management. Routledge.
Mahadevan, B., 2015. Operations management: Theory and practice. Pearson Education India.
Marquis, B.L. and Huston, C.J., 2009. Leadership roles and management functions in nursing:
Theory and application. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Morden, T., 2017. Principles of management. Routledge.
Pagano, T.C. and et.at., 2014. Challenges of operational river forecasting. Journal of
Hydrometeorology.15(4). pp.1692-1707.
Sallis, E., 2014. Total quality management in education. Routledge.
Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2016. Research methods for business: A skill building approach.
John Wiley & Sons.
Wang, Yet.al., 2015. Service supply chain management: A review of operational models.
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Online

Evans, K., 2017. The environmental factors that affect a business. [Online]. Available through
<https://bizfluent.com/info-7853935-environmental-factors-affect-business.html>