Management and Operations.

Management
and
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................2
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................2
P1. Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of leader and manager.............2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2. Examine the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational
contexts. .....................................................................................................................................4
P3. Apply different theories and models of approach.................................................................6
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................8
P4. Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers plays............................................................................................................................8
P5: Define the values & importance of operation management in accomplishment of business
objectives...................................................................................................................................10
Task 4.............................................................................................................................................11
P6. Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision making by leader and managers.....................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERNCES ................................................................................................................................15
.......................................................................................................................................................15
1

INTRODUCTION
Management is necessity of an organised life to presumes overall of practises in
organisation. A better management is backbone for leading a company in successful direction
towards organisation. Through managing balance activities is successfully executed to
accomplish objectives and getting task done with people efficiency to achieve objectives
(Busarello and et. al., 2018). The concept operation and management is process that is based
towards with transformation towards different inputs as raw material into furnished goods and
services. In context of organisation, they must ensures that raw material acquire in authentic
manner and to satisfy manner.
In this report, organisation is selected Uber Technologies, it is American based company
that usually offers vehicles in rent basis. Transportation, food and delivery services within
partnership to electronic bicycle and monitored scooter in rental basis. The company is in San
Francisco and has operation in all over 900 metropolitan areas worldwide. Uber own number of
employees around 26,900, it was founded March 2009. As topic is cover from define and with
compare different roles and characteristics about leader and manager. Elaborates about roles of
leader and functions of manager in different situational context (Chelyshkov and Aralkin., 2018).
Different theories applies leadership methods to explain about leader role and function of
manager. Key approaches towards operation management define role of leader and manager
function along with its importance. Examine factors of business environment that creating
impact upon operational management and decision making leader and manager.
MAIN BODY
Task 1.
P1. Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of leader and manager.
Leader: This is managerial of business practise which is having capacity to handling
managerial activities of specific company and tend to influence employees towards accomplish
challenging goals. Leaders used to design and setting up strategies for better accomplish goals,
operating issues and provides optimum solution to withdraw problem decisively and quickly (Fu
and Zhao., 2020). To guide employees to show guidance to reaching outcomes to supervise task
with implies major responsibility with constant competition of task. Similarly, leaders of Uber
Technologies allows to leading staffs in positive direction to accomplish in which company is
2

headed to follow to attain destination. Their leader uses different leadership styles from high
complexities situation arises to attain overall targets.
Manager:. As role of manager is having individual who monitor and control overall
activities along with different situation where different set of performance of employee
analyse by manager. The work responsibilities of manager through which operation and
function is enhanced in proper manner (Gómez-Expósito, Conejo. and Cañizares., 2018).
The manager of Uber technologies has accomplish to performed through its duties with
optimum training and development by achieving of work becomes more easier way and
flexible way.
Basis Leader Manager
Role  Leader is having creative vision
where they focuses in overall
situation in entire roles through
which all individual team
member to scrutinize pathways
to successfully accomplish
objectives. Proper guidance in
needed to clarify vision to
employees of Uber
Technologies.
 By having capability in leader
to driven more change through
which working competency is
effectively developed
(Hemmati., Mohammadi-
Ivatloo. and Soroudi., 2020).
This is more productive where
business is highly optimised
with generates productive
outcomes are convinced in
better way. In context of Uber
 The major role of Manger to
introducing policies which
formulates and regulates on
the basis through different set
of policies or norms within
proper guidelines that
presumes to more
attractiveness. In perspective
of Uber technologies where
policy that is followed by all
individual with better
execution of work to enhance
ethical processing.
 By assigning different job
roles and responsibility
towards task with having
different segmentation where
employees can easily able to
understand about their
specific job role.
3

Technologies is able to control
and manage the entire situation
on positive way as well as
better implementation to
progressed.
 To applying different testing
activities to mapping individual
employees capability to design
proper performance report.
 For better and provide
effective understanding about
company like Uber manager
brief about mission, vison and
core value of company work
in effective manner that
happen to better attainment of
goals and accomplish in
proficient manner.
Characteristics  They have attractive and
influence type personality
towards other personalities
where they become role model
or inspiration to customised into
better form.
 As approaching leader Uber
company seeking qualities in
individual leader which having
effective communication with
others.
 Leaders used to convey
information to all other
employees as considerable
manner.
 Leader qualities helps to
reduces uncertainty to attaining
more clarity in objective.
 Manager is having many
specification as skills and
traits in which it ensures that
all activities to manage on the
basis of time duration (Hrle
and et. al., 2018).
 Various interpersonal skills
are those which used while
making effective interaction
along with each other in
terms of communication,
observation, presentation of
soft and hard skills as per
condition basis.
 Manager is allows to sharing
their coordination skills and
motivation experiences that
increase employees working
outcomes.
Theories Some of important theory which is
enhanced in leadership such as System,
In management comprises theory like
behavioural and bureaucratic theory
4

situational, trait and contingency. etc.
TASK 2
P2. Examine the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational
contexts.
Situation 1: Sudden lock-down due to pandemic - Work from home
This situation has affected many employees life in terms of either working or salary. This
has become a major issue because some still are not comfortable working at home or some
facing technical problem. So in this difficult phase it is important to guide, motivate and support
them in terms of every possible way. The following discussions are based on this situation on
how leader and manager can handle in context of Uber. Role of Leader: Leaders can behave in a democratic manner like communicating with
everyone related to work from home. Many employees generally resists this change
because sudden working from home can affect their personal life also. Leaders can guide
their subordinates about how they can manage working from home, motivating them that
it is not as much difficult as they are assuming. Leaders can direct it's employees about
using technology at home, how they can coordinate with each other using different apps
like zoom, meet, etc. So basically leaders supports them in every possible way.
 Function of Manager: Managers can adopt organising and controlling functions to
handle this situation. So they can strictly give orders for working from home without
wasting any time (Itkin and Goldenberg, Mellanox Technologies Ltd, 2018). Managers
can support employees by instructing them that how they can use various technology at
home, how they can manage coordination in working and can achieve targets. Because
managers are mainly responsible for meeting goals anyhow so they cannot compromise
in their staff's working. Managers can be strict regarding this sudden change to achieve
it's organizational targets.
Situation 2: Launching a new service for more revenues
This situation defining the affect towards many employees in terms of either working
hours or working process. This is suppose to be an issue because employees needs to focus on
totally different service strategy and learning technology accordingly. So in this new phase it is
5

important to guide, motivate and support them in terms of every possible way. The following
discussions are based on this situation on how leader and manager can handle in context of
Uber. Role of Leader: Leaders can adopt transformational style of leadership. They can
communicate with research and development department to explore something new for
the firm. Leaders can lead a way for marketing department to increase a number of sales.
They can inspire technical area for featuring new service (Konet, Goudy and
Christensen., Nissan North America Inc, 2018). So basically leaders can guide every
department and motivating them that how they can initiate new situations in an
organization.
 Function of Manager: Managers can adopt planning and leading functions. They can
instruct every domain in it's organization about new service launching. Managers can
command people to work on them and achieving the new targets for the firm. They can
instruct their employees about why they are doing this change, so that every employee
can work accordingly. Managers can make orders to R&D department to start working on
it at the earliest and same for the marketing and production departments. This helps
managers in achieving revenue targets in a firm.
P3. Apply different theories and models of approach.
In every business situation which tend to pursue changes on flexibility on basis to
effectively handling activities of leadership and management theory implies on business.
Therefore, different activities leadership that is assort in Uber Technologies elaborates below:
Situational leadership: In this leadership style, emphasis about leader choices or
preference of approaching new and best course of action that is based upon situation. Moreover,
situational leadership influence to facilitates pathways to employees requirement on various
condition (Kuiken and Más., 2019). According to this style, it enhance better leadership that
enhance to changes within systematic format.
The leader of Uber company, it has used to manage diverse within range of situation
accordingly. It contain one method which known is Blanchard and Hersey leadership that having
unique approaches to defines below:
 Telling: In this leader work as decision making with having better communicate the
strategy or information which assorted perform completing task.
6

 Selling: As per this leader to selling ideas and thought which processed through team
and creating strategies to accomplish task.
 Delegating; It is used when both leader and other team member are assigned work on
the basis of their capabilities and approaching effective planning to collective analyse.
System leadership: According this theory, a individual leader utilize its skills and
knowledge to mapping their team performance to become analyst to increase productive. It
generally collective behaviour of leadership along with intrinsic innovation as decentralised the
network (Mutha and et. al, 2018).
As in Uber technologies, leader are basically perform to sharing with ideas and
suggestions for maintaining productive manner aspects. It enhance to manages more core values
and handles to operates as per guidelines or procedure way towards Administrative, operation
and marketing relative work.
Fielder's Contingency Leadership: In this leadership is facilitates about effectiveness of
leaders as it based on significant situational based which consider in three factor work design ,
relationship between superior and employees and leader's power.
It is the most essential aspect in which leader of Uber Technologies prevail the
condition as per the match of structure and style. It is used to manage the work as per the
situation and demand as with this effective relation also get developed.
Strength and Weakness of leadership theories:
Leadership styles Strength Weakness
Situational leadership As in situational leadership it
eliminates with more comfort
among employees is processed.
This is more supportive theory for
Uber technologies which enables
to provides optimum direction to
business which enhance to work
more effectiveness.
As it not contains any positive
implementation towards long
term goals.
To collecting information
related with decision making
information that allows to
affected.
Systems leadership This leadership style defines about It is more difficult and hard to
7

individual leader focuses on
performances related (Rawat and
et. al ., 2019).
The diverse range of group is
matter for direction through leader
understanding basis.
formulate decision making in
long term aspects.
To highlight overall condition
which is interdependent on
each other to promotes internal
conflicts.
Contingency leadership This theory is dynamic and
flexible in nature where it
customised as per accordingly.
It tend to approaches for helping
the manager to enhance their
leadership as well as decision
making skills. By forming design
organisational structure and plan
as per accordingly information
decision based system.
At the time of utilising this
theory leader would find
difficult to implement is more
complex.
Contingency approach is
basically reactive in nature to
manage it seems to hard
towards manager.
Task 3.
P4. Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers
plays.
Operation management is type of administration of business related practise to create
highest level of efficiency which help for generating more productivity in organisation premises.
It is concerned with customised material to turn into more effective and labor into goods and
services are optimum level towards maximise profit of an organisation. The main purpose is to
balance cost with revenue to accomplish highest net operating profit possible (Rocchetta and et.
al., 2019). In perspective Uber technologies of approaches about operation management cost to
achieve highest net operating profit.
Six Sigma: This approach comprise to make better understand of better focus and having
concerned to handling complexities to reducing within production efficiency is also get to
developed in appropriate way. Through various opportunities and challenges get measured
8

through which customer satisfaction depends upon it. It is used to manufacturing process through
which they can improve production quality along with by detecting errors to eliminates in
systematic manner (Santa Cruz, Torres and Ibañez., 2019). As Uber Technologies manager role
would measure their service accuracy and diminishes unethical practises which makes flexibility.
The role of leader is to making ensure that productivity must enhance in better form through
providing effective knowledge as well as training.
Total Quality Management: Through applying this approach reflects about continuous
improvement which induces in manufacturing and production having process as with delivery
gets systematic manner. It refers about managerial prospects through which it create certain level
of improvement is induced to improve its quality standard which is also get improved effectively
(Strobel and Abele, 2018). As per perspective of Uber Technologies, total quality of
management helps to investigate overall internal activities which helps to attainment in better
sustainability.
This approach manager works on better connectivity with this approach of operational
management such as Provide direction where a leader supervise employees of Uber company
how to approach therir service in different manner.
9
Illustration 1: Six Sigma, 2019.
Source: Six Sigma, 2019.

Lean Principles: In operation management it concern about the reduction of wastage
where overall costing of production related activities is reduced (Underwood, Traver. and López-
Uribe., 2019). As to consider this approach in perspective of Uber technology to enhance
suitable changes that implemented in order to satisfy the customer.
Manager provide or share valuable information or threaten to employees for not creates
mess to Uber working environment. Leader is having better working style that effectively
enhance to share optimum guidelines and facilitates important motivation type of values that
help to improve individual objective in working.
In above approaches of Operation Management is determined about Total Quality of
Management by Uber Technologies company, manager allows to induces for better customer
satisfaction is developed and it make sure about engaging in marketplace. Therefore, Uber
Technologies to make planning about to achieve 20% of market share to which contributing
efforts of assorting reliable resources. This provides major helps to reduces level of wastages
which obtain better outputs are attained easier manner.
10
Illustration 2: Lean Principles model, 2020
Source: Lean Principles model, 2020

P5: Define the values & importance of operation management in accomplishment of business
objectives.
Operation management is defined as a process that mainly used for planning, controlling
and supervising production and manufacturing processes and delivery services. In every
business organisation it is important because it is helpful in effectively managing, controlling and
supervising people, goods and services.
Below are some importance of operation management in context of Uber:
 Product/Service Quality: It is first unit to run a firm that helps in analyse reliability and
durability in a product. It is a responsibility of every operation manager to sees quality of
product and services which would attract customers on and after delivery of goods or
services. When organisation satisfy customer's needs it gives company an edge to
compared to their competitors.
In context of Uber, design of quality of product or services by company is focused on
demand of customers. As some guest wants luxurious services, it forms part of company. By
giving them services on high models of cars like BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Audi it increases
product quality of Uber (Wang and et. al., 2018). Services like real time location of drivers and
also number of drivers are given to customer's mobile so that they can communicate with them.
 Customer Satisfaction: Review given by customer about product or services defines to
make or break of business. So it is responsibility of every organisation to ensure
customer's needs as always at forefront of their products and services. Operation manager
of company gain satisfactory customer by conduct quality management process, recruit
right people to right roles and by proper planning of inventory.
In context of respective company, as every organisation's aim is to satisfy their customers
needs and wants. Uber is also satisfy their guest by providing them reliable services like not
delay in time and offering good quality of products.
 Productivity: it can be defined as various measures used to analyse efficiency of
production. It can be expressed as ratio of input to output and it is only way to verify
input given by employees. So it is responsibility of operation authorities for appropriate
staffing of employees to resources according to their knowledge to get maximum results.
In context of Uber, as population of world is increases so demands of customers for this
company is also increases as it serves in many countries. As firm hires professional licensed
11

drivers that meets customers demand and also in improving level of technology for increase in
productivity of company.
 Reduced Operating Cost: By above points as productivity, customer satisfaction and
quality products, cost that operate on servicing of product is maximally reduced. It leads
to increase in total revenue. Due to growth in revenue, operation manager have
opportunity to launch new and innovative products and services.
In context of Uber company, it focuses on reduction of cost by implementation of
minimum regulations to driver with Uber (Xin and et. al., 2018). Rules that are implemented by
firm is any person who is above age of 21, having driving license with him, minimum amount of
personal insurance to become driver at Uber and also having car with four doors. It is also
mandatory for a person who works in Uber that he should not having any criminal background of
accidents with him. Thus, it reduces cost of operation of company as by employing drivers with
minimum requirements.
Moreover is majorly follows the product quality and customer satisfaction that enhance to
approach Uber company service productivity in an effective manner. Somehow it measure
through manager to analyse along with ensure that existing operation management approaches
which they follows towards better positive outcomes
Task 4.
P6. Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision making by leader and managers.
Business Environment: This term refers about overall internal and external environment
related factor which creating affects about how company functions that includes employees,
customers, management along with supply and demand as well as business regulation. Etc.
According to all these factor creating impact on function to company as well as how company
works directly or indirectly. For context of Uber company their business environment commence
to provide optimum factors which having high amount of impact in environment.
Corporate Social Responsibility: This factor of business environment is having self
operating business model that helps company by socially accountable towards stakeholder and
public which are belong to company as customer or clients. As for Uber Technologies
12

perspective their corporate social responsibility having impact of having aspects in society
through including economic, social and environmental. It also improves brand image and value
which processed with better sufficiency through which market get availability to optimise
effectively. As per this business they must have worked towards reduces wastage amount that
develop flexibility in working productivity.
Ethics: It defines about known factors that having reflection of different working of
business where it generate to reduces the working gap through between different practises by
which more benefits can accomplish in sustained process manner. In consideration of Uber
technologies business ethics are mainly regulated through under provision of Manger where they
monitored each every employee performances as well as notified that they working in under
compliance oriented or not.
Values: This term is undertakes from organisational behaviour as it collective
assumptions which is reflected its involvement in presence of goods quality or systematic
culture. In situation of Uber values and culture plays important roles where company ensures
about their fuel consumption is not generates negative impact where they approach CNG gas in
their vehicles. This reduces the negative aspects of unhealthy outcomes which spread in
environment.
Sustainability: According to this prospect in which business related aspects determine
towards long term in marketplace which increase sustainability and effective durability. In this
more creativeness and having innovative in process through which business can proceed to
satisfied customer (Zhu and et. al., 2019). In this condition manager undertakes all roles and
responsibilities of taking decisions which provide to motivate them to enhanced profit business
ethical manner.
Pestle Analyse:
Political: This factor emphasis about all norms and regulation which comes under
corporate governance such foreign direct investment, trade policy, corporate tax and other which
create an impact on organisation performance. As per Uber technologies, they want to establish
their venture in United Kingdom where they have benefit from trade policy, but there is
implication from Brexit market which terms as not to trade in European Union.
Economical: This factor comprises about performance of economic background where
recession, inflation rates are commenced through productivity and having better GDP growth.
13

Similarly, Uber company get more productive from UK economic background but there is high
inlfiation rates which can decrease their growth as well as having value of pound is more than
dollars can also provide better sustainability.
Social: To comprise about demographic and geological factor with culture plays
important roles in any particular country. As in United Kingdom, Uber company can approach
geological factor where they can provide their as per location or region basis in overall United
Kingdom.
Technological : As in United kingdom there is wide scope of technological factor where
they allows different ways to approach resources in United kingdom. Uber can utilised this factor
in different aspects to increase their productive level as well as their research and development
can promotes their services in better platform.
Environmental: By enhancing to not promotes harmful fuel gases which contains by
taxis or other transportation vehicles where Uber need to implement CNG gas for less polluted in
United Kingdom environment background.
Legal: Through this factor emphasis about to enhancing laws in company, where
National Minimum wages other employment laws are pursued in UK region (Traver. and López-
Uribe, 2019). Therefore, Uber need to introduced certain laws which is highly considerate
towards employment or job related. This laws is regulated from United Kingdom.
Justification:
Through above external environment approach where the impact on Uber company’s
leader and manager is enhance to better approach to making concerned towards better
Environmental practises which influence in decision making of leader as in new skills and
knowledge practises would involve that better accomplish to attain more productivity in
performance. In Manger perspective it creates more wide concept that employees get to learn
new policies and regulation that governs through government as well as it working practises
regulation in effective manner. After Pestle Analysation can only creates impact on Uber
manager as they going to impact on scrutinize the factor as well as implement better optional
action plan to work on political, social, economical and technological guidance.
14

CONCLUSION
From above report of Management and Operation has come to conclude about summarise
different roles and characteristics of leader and manager in transportation organisation
perspective, where leaders influence to lead towards objective and manager usually motivates
and instruct employees to accomplish gaols. Through implement two situation in company
background in which leader and manager approach that situation as per their capabilities aspects,
Different theories of leadership comprises about how leaders behaviour is essential towards
company task or particular objective by highlighting situational, system and contingency
leadership. Total Quality Management, Six Sigma and lean Principle describes in approach way
of operations and management in aspects of leaders and manager role. Importance for operation
and management in term of achieving operation and management. Business Environment impact
on operational management to implements Pestle analysis along with Corporate Social
Responsibilities. Business related ethics, values and sustainability.
15

REFERNCES
Books and Journals
Busarello and et. al., 2018. Synergistic operation between battery energy storage and
photovoltaic generator systems to assist management of microgrids. IET Generation,
Transmission & Distribution. 12(12). pp.2944-2951.
Chelyshkov, P. and Aralkin, K., 2018. The practice of building an information system for
managing the operation of an industrial facility. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol.
251, p. 03059). EDP Sciences.
Fu, C. and Zhao, X., 2020. Study on energy efficiency evaluation and influencing factors of
ground source thermal energy management system operation. Thermal Science. (00).
pp.123-123.
Gómez-Expósito, A., Conejo, A.J. and Cañizares, C. eds., 2018. Electric energy systems:
analysis and operation. CRC press.
Hemmati, M., Mohammadi-Ivatloo, B. and Soroudi, A., 2020. Uncertainty management in
decision-making in power system operation. In Decision Making Applications in
Modern Power Systems (pp. 41-62). Academic Press.
Hrle and et. al., 2018. International Business Machines Corp, 2019. Database management
system and method of operation. U.S. Patent 10,282,363.
Itkin, Y. and Goldenberg, D., Mellanox Technologies Ltd, 2018. Simultaneous operation of
remote management and link aggregation. U.S. Patent 9,998,359.
Konet, H., Goudy, R. and Christensen, A., Nissan North America Inc, 2018. Vehicle operation
assistance information management for autonomous vehicle control operation. U.S.
Patent 10,086,699.
Kuiken, D. and Más, H.F., 2019. Integrating demand side management into EU electricity
distribution system operation: A Dutch example. Energy Policy. 129. pp.153-160.
Mutha and et. al, 2018. Secondary storage operation instruction tags in information management
systems. U.S. Patent 9,933,964.
Pop, and et. al., 2018. Blockchain based decentralized anagement of demand response programs
in smart energy grids. Sensors. 18(1). p.162.
16

Rawat and et. al ., 2019. Impact assessment of electric vehicle charging/discharging strategies on
the operation management of grid accessible and remote microgrids. International
Journal of Energy Research. 43(15). pp.9034-9048.
Rocchetta and et. al., 2019. A reinforcement learning framework for optimal operation and
maintenance of power grids. Applied energy. 241. pp.291-301.
Santa Cruz, A.K.A., Torres, F.H.V. and Ibañez, C.R., 2019, March. Sales and operation planning
model to improve inventory management in Peruvian SMEs. In 2019 8th International
Conference on Industrial Technology and Management (ICITM) (pp. 65-68). IEEE.
Strobel, N. and Abele, E., 2018. Decentral control strategies for demand-side management by
industrial heating and cooling devices with discontinuous operation mode. Procedia
CIRP. 69. pp.360-365.
Underwood, R.M., Traver, B.E. and López-Uribe, M.M., 2019. Beekeeping management
practices are associated with operation size and beekeepers’ philosophy towards in-hive
chemicals. Insects. 10(1). p.10.
Wang and et. al., 2018. Energy management of smart micro-grid with response loads and
distributed generation considering demand response. Journal of cleaner
production. 197. pp.1069-1083.
Xin and et. al., 2018. A smarter grid operation: new energy management systems in China. IEEE
Power and Energy Magazine. 16(2). pp.36-45.
Zhu and et. al., 2019, December. Design of Fine Operation and Maintenance Management and
Control System of Distribution Equipment Based on Cloud Platform. In 2019
International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Automation and Systems
(ICICAS) (pp. 267-271). IEEE.
Online:
Advantages and Disadvantages of Contingency Approach to Management, 2018. [Online]
Available Through: Size<https://commercemates.com/advantages-disadvantages-
contingency-approach/>
17