Management and Operations - Tesco

Management and operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
Describe the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers with example............................1
Different situations affect the role of a leader and function of a manager..................................3
Use range of theories and concepts to leadership........................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
Role of operations managers........................................................................................................7
Approaches of different operation's management system...........................................................8
Various Factors impacts the business operations.......................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Management and operations is the process of managing all business activity by having
effective and efficient production of commodities. It is consist of procedure as planning,
controlling, managing, redesigning the production activity to meet the goal of the firm.
Furthermore, firms uses this tool in their business to create the highest level of efficiency in the
production process (Choi, Wallace, and Wang, 2018). This method is mainly concerned with
transform the raw materiel into the production and services in order to increase the profitability
of the firm.
Here, report will describe the operation and management functions of the Tesco. It is the
British multinational groceries and general merchandise retailer. Tesco provides the variety of
products to the consumers such as supermarket, hypermarket, Convenience shop, superstore etc.
The report will examine the different role and characteristics of leader and manager in the
context of Tesco and evaluation on the comparison between leader and manager as per role and
characteristics. Furthermore, report will describe the different theories and model of leadership
and will undertake evaluation on different approaches of operation and management. Lastly,
study will reflect the different factors that affects the business environment and decision making
power of leader and manager.
TASK 1
Describe the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers with example
Leader is the person who manage the team of member. They give the command to the
people for achieving the task of the company. Leaders helps them in making the best strategy to
achieve the objective and receive a good foresightedness along with the other qualities like-
motivating the employees, creating innovative ideas, developing trust among the employees etc.
They easily influence others by their commands. Therefore, leaders have the ability to
understand the people and reduce the conflicts among the people.(Choi, Wallace, and Wang,
2018)
Manager is the person who manage all the activity of the business by using their
knowledge, skills and power. They are responsible for controlling and managing all the
operational activity of the firm. They have authority to control the people and departments of the
firm, they provide the proper guidance to the people that how to achieve goal of the firm.
Basis of comparison Leader Manager
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Decision making power Leader make decision only for
their group of people. They
Facilitate their decisions by
understand the problem of
employees. Leader can used
many leadership styles to
make the best decisions.
Manager takes decision to
achieve the goal of the Tesco.
They manage all the activity of
the firm. Managers are the
ones who get their work done
by the employees through
different ways and complete
the goal of the firm by give the
command to the employees.
Problem solving Leader of the Tesco have
ability of solving the problem
because they have skill of
solving the problem in creative
way. They use their mind and
find the best solutions.
Managers of the Tesco face
many problems during the
process of achieving the goal.
They face many issues such as
disputes, lack of availability
of resources etc. in difficult
situation they must think
creatively to solve the problem
.
Reduce conflict Leader focus on reducing the
conflicts they understand the
employees and solve the
problem to reducing the
conflicts (Pheng and Meng,
2018).
Manager of the Tesco mainly
avoid the conflicts. Thus,
manager focus on achieving
the goal of the firm. They only
give solutions that how to
mange the work in order to
meet the objectives of the
Tesco.
Communication Leader has the best
communication skills to
influenced the people. They set
Manager of the Tesco also
have the best communication
skill they give the command to
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the directions to achieve the
goal they inspired the people
by using the skill of
communication.
the people in order to achieve
the profitability. Mangers
focus on procedure of the
productions so they influence
the suppliers, employees and
all stakeholders the
Tesco(Alvesson, and
Sveningsson, 2015).
Managing people The leader of the Tesco
manage the people. There
main concentrate on build the
relationship with the team of
people it helps to complete the
task. Therefore, the leader
always make Aligns to
achieve the task of the Tesco
Manager organizes the people
they find the ability and skills
in the people and then they
give the responsibility to the
people according to the
qualification and skills it can
build the confidence among
the people.
Aim The main aim of the leader is
that they manage their people
by providing the training and
development facility to
enhance the growth.
The Manager of the Tesco
have motive to accomplish the
task and achieve the goal of
the company there focus in
make success the business.
Different situations affect the role of a leader and function of a manager
Effective leadership and management is the essential for every organization. The leader
and manager communicate with the employees and increase the motivation among the people.
There are different situations which affect the role of leader and manger that defined in the
following manner as-
Conflict within employees- Conflict is affect the overall performance of the Tesco. A conflict is
a situation when the interests, needs and preferences, goals or values of involved parties tamper
with one. Conflict reduces the productivity because employees are not focus on their work.
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Therefore, conflicts may include the group members, departments, subordinates etc. this
situation is affect the performance of the company because firm are not achieve their goal due to
high misunderstanding and bad relationship with the subordinates. If employees do not work as
per the directions than they it can lead to affect the working within the enterprise (Choi, Wallace,
and Wang, 2018). Therefore, conflicts within the workers of the enterprise affects the
profitability and productivity of the enterprise. This kind of the conflicts leads to have negative
impact on the brand image of the enterprise.
 Role of leader- leader is the person who manage their employees by the commands.
They maintain the good relationship with their employees. Conflict is affect the decision
of the leaders because the bad relationship among peoples it reduces the productivity and
leader are not easily implement the plan within the department of the Tesco.
 Function of Manager- The high level of conflict among the people is reduced the
profitability of the firm. Commonly manger avoid the conflicts but there are different
situations which affect the decision of manager negatively. Managing conflict in the work
place it is very difficult and it makes the complicated situation for the mangers. Managers
are not easily formulate the plan and they cannot evaluate the techniques among the firm
because people are not adopt these strategies in their business. So conflicts is the worst
situation which leads the high losses.
Technology up gradation- The technology up gradation is the situation which arise the cost of
production. Tesco used the new technology in their business it increases the demand of training
and development. Therefore, the uses of new technology it needs the training among the
employees (Pheng and Meng, 2018). The training and development process is takes lot of time
and also it increases the cost of production. It is also the factor that can also lead to impact over
the working as most of the individual are not familiar with the new technical advancement and
that leads to affect the working of the enterprise. Due to this, enterprise has to face the conflicts.
 Role of leader- New technology is change the overall process of production. Technology
change can affect the day to day business activity of the Tesco. Thus, it also affects the
day to day process of leader. Leader is the one who provide the training to the employees
so when technology is changed leader must have provided the training to employees.
Therefore, they change all the activity in the day to day process, so changing in
technology is affects the process and increase the cost of the Tesco.
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 Function of manager- Manager have greater role in defining the organization future,
they manage all the activity of the business manager have authority to change the
decision according to the situations. This, there are many situations which difficult to the
manager such as technology up-gradation. Manager makes the plan that which type of
training employees needs and it increases the time of production. So thereby the new
technology is affects the decision of managers as well as it increase the cost of
operational activity.
Use range of theories and concepts to leadership
Theory of leadership aids to bring out the systematic performance within the enterprise.
By use of the effective theory enterprise can conduct the activities in better mode (Alvesson, and
Sveningsson, 2015). In addition to this, leadership theories refer as the ability of the individual
and organisation to guide individuals team towards the fulfilment of the enterprise objectives.
Therefore, this theory has defined in following manner as-
System leadership theories-System leadership theory is describes the behaviour of the people in
the context of work. This theory has been formulated by Dr Ian Macdonald. This theory is
analysed the different behaviour of the employees that analysed the level of work that employee
can perform well to achieve the productivity of the firm (Pheng and Meng, 2018). This theory is
provides the helps to the leaders for predict employees behaviour in their organisation. It also
helps to build effective systems in the work place so employees are use this too to increase their
performance of work in the business. Therefore, people give their hundred percent in the
productivity of the Tesco which drive productive behaviour and lead to a more effective recovery
of the Tesco purpose. Managers of Tesco plc ensure that manufacturing of goods are done in
accordance with the consumer demand
Advantages of system leadership theory
 This theory is analysed the behaviour of employees and focus on achieving the people
and achieving the overall of goal the Tesco.
 System theory is focuses on different dimensions of management.
 Theory is helps to making the best decision according to the employees behaviour This theory is easy to adopt that every leader can use this theory to managing the people
at work place
disadvantages of system leadership theory
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 This theory is not applicable in small business
 This theory is concentrate of achieving the long term goal not much concentration on
short term goal of the Tesco.
 This theory is not give the proper decision it leads the delay in decision making.
Tesco use this system theory in their business to manage the people in the work place.
This theory is helps to Tesco for better management and it also helps to increase the productivity.
It increases Tesco adaptability to environmental changes.
Contingency leadership theory- Contingency leadership theory is described that leader use this
theory in their business to meet the different situations. A good leader is matched the demand of
the situations that means any situation which occur in the business leader easily solve the
situation and complete the task of the firm (Pheng and Meng, 2018). Leader uses this theory to
achieve the goal of the firm. Contingency theory is helps to manage the different situation and
also provide the best solution for the situation. Every organization uses this theory in the
business to manage the difficult situation which arise suddenly in the business. For example, the
situation of technology updation is arisen the cost of production so leaders and mangers used this
theory in the business to reduce the cost of the production.
Advantages of Contingency leadership theory
 This model is adaptive in nature
 The managers can consider the entire factors, analyse situations thoroughly and then take
the appropriate decision.
 This model is easy to use and also any leader adopt this leadership style to mange the
people (Winnubst, 2017).
Disadvantages of Contingency leadership theory
 It is not always feasible for the managers to consider each and every factor
 This model is might be complex.
 This model is take huge time to managing the people.
Tesco uses the Contingency leadership theory in the businesses to maximize the profit.
This theory is best for any situation leaders and manager use this theory to make the best
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decisions and solve the difficult problem (Alvesson, and Sveningsson, 2015). So this theory is
managed all the activity of the Tesco leaders and manager must uses this theory in the operation
of business to enhance the profit and achieve the goal of the Tesco.
Situational leadership theory
Situational leadership theory is the situation model, is a model created by paul hersey and
ken blanchard, this theory is the best theory for the every organization because this theory is
handle every situation. This theory helps to mangers and leaders to find the every problem and
make the best solutions (Rumble, 2019).
Advantages of Situational leadership theory
 It creates a comfortable environment for workers. Increases the awareness of the leader.
Disadvantages of Situational leadership theory
 it is not provided enough information for some leaders
Tesco uses this theory in their business to manage the activity of the production. This is
the best theory it handles all the situation. So manager and leader must uses this model for
achieving the goal of the firm. The priorities of customers are identified under this model such as
what type of products they want or what are their current preferences or choices.
TASK 2
Role of operations managers
Operation management refers to business practices that are created to optimum level of
efficiency within a company. It consists of production and manufacturing of good and services in
an organization.
Role of operations managers in Tesco plc are as follows -
 Finance - Operations managers ensures that proper financing is being done in Tesco plc.
They ensure that finance should properly be utilized to carry out various production
functions. Without finance raw material could not be purchased.
 Operation - This consist of planning, directing, controlling and organising. The managers
ensure that employees works in accordance with the plan (Winnubst, 2017). They direct
them tactfully to achieve the organization goals and to improve productivity of Tesco plc.
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The managers control the production cost to be at minimum level. They try to cut off the
manufacturing cost through efficient use of business resources.
 Strategy - Managers of Tesco plc implement planning tactics to optimise the organization
resources at optimum level in order to give company a competitive advantage.
 Designing the products - The managers of company make sure that designing of products
is being done in accordance with the marketing research. Manufacturing of products is
done in such a way that it meets the current demand and preferences of customers.
 Forecasting - Managers also affiliated with forecasting. They estimate that what might
happen in the future period (Donate and et.al., 2015). They make assumptions what
would be customers demand in upcoming years and on basis of that they conduct
production functions.
 Supply chain management - Managers ensures that required quantity of raw material
should be avail on timely basis, to conduct smooth production process of Tesco plc. They
took proper control over inventory management (Six Sigma, 2019).
 Quality management - Managers of Tesco plc put total emphasis on product quality. They
ensure that superior quality of goods are manufactured in the organization. This leads to
increase the customer satisfaction in the company.
 Asset management - The company's managers provide various facilities and equipments
which are used in production function to their employees in order to run manufacturing
process smoothly (Paulraj and et.al., 2017). Through facilitating conducive work
environment employees morale also boosts in Tesco plc and this eventually, leads
towards greater profitability.
Approaches of different operation's management system
Approaches of operational management system facilitates the company to improve the
overall performance of the organization. Different approaches which are used in Tesco plc to
improve their operational efficiency are discussed as follows -
Total Quality management
This approach is originated by a industrial sector in Japan in the year 1954. The concept
of TQM used to improve overall efficiency and product quality of an organization. It majorly
focused on doing continuous improvement in products quality.
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Tesco plc is using TQM approach in their organisation. They are ensuring that their
product quality is improved on continuous basis in order to lead towards greater productivity.
The managers of company ensure that manufacturing function is conduct in organized way to
improve the quality of goods (Total Quality Management (TQM), 2019). They regularly check
the quantity and the product superiority. This leads towards customer satisfaction. The priorities
of customers are identified under this approach such as what type of products they want or what
are their current preferences or choices. The company defines priorities and set targets to bring
innovation in organization. Managers of Tesco plc ensure that manufacturing of goods are done
in accordance with the consumer demand (Bloom and et.al., 2019). They design their products
on the basis of current trend in the market. They are also focused on integrated system. The
managers maintain coordination with their employees to achieve the quality targets on time.
Six Sigma Approach
This approach is introduced by Bill Smith who is an engineer in the year 1986. It refers to
set of techniques that are used to improve processes in the organisation. This approach put
emphasis on time management of production cycle while reducing manufacturing defects.
Tesco plc is using Six sigma approach in their operational management. Under this the
company focuses on faculty process and tries to improve the default in their products. The team
is prepared to look out the procedures and activities of manufacturing function (Six Sigma,
2019). They measure the production statistics and then make a list of inputs which are potentially
strong for the business. This helps them to benchmark their performance. The manager of
company identifies the root of problems which results in failure of production function. They try
to improve the production capacity and faulty procedures of the company (Nawaz, Z.A.K.D.A.
and Khan_ PhD, 2016). The focus is to eliminate the defects in the products.
Just in Time
This refers to a methodology which primary purpose is to reduce the time of production
cycle. This time is further utilized to response the suppliers and to the potential customers. It is
originated in Japan in between 1960's to 1970's.
Tesco plc is using Just in Time approach in their operational management to took control
over inventories. Under this method company managers ensures that there is timely supply of
raw material is being done to minimise the delay which happens during manufacturing process.
The company put emphasis on smooth flow of production activity and also tries to minimise the
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inventory costs (Driskill, 2018). The Managers are highly focused on reducing inventory
wastage. They ensure that only that much of raw material or stocks are available in the
warehouses which is required to conduct manufacturing function. They also reserved some stock
as a backup plan which can be utilized at urgency. The managers of company ensure that there
is sufficient quantity of raw material is available for smooth running of manufacturing process.
Various Factors impacts the business operations
Different factors which influence the business operations of Tesco plc are as follows -
 Corporate Social Responsibility - This is prior concern of Tesco plc to implement CSR in
their organization. The Little Help plan of company is indulged with sourcing, health and
food waste. This put impact on operational management of firm. Tesco plc set goals to
reduce the wastage from manufacturing and agriculture. 1.7 millions tonnes waste is
upstream through managing operations of firm (Alvesson, and Sveningsson, 2015). The
managers of Tesco plc is ensuring that lean manufacturing approach is totally
implemented in the business. They focus on waste reduction. They managed waste in
stores and in distribution network. The 7.0 million tonnes waste is reduced from
customers home efficiently in the company.
 Culture - Tesco plc is nurturing the best possible work environment for their employees.
They create healthy avenues of communication. Managers communicate in effective way
using their managerial skills. This put positive influence on employees (Paulraj and et.al.,
2017). They started working more efficiently in the company in order to reach company
towards heights. They maintain coordination with the employees to achieve the targets
of production on time. The culture of company encourages life balance in their
employees. They are facilitated with the bonuses, fringe benefits and salary increment as
a way of recognition of their work they had done for the company (Nawaz, Z.A.K.D.A.
and Khan_ PhD, 2016). The managers of company timely appreciate their workers for
their outperforming performance in the organisation. The managers create conducive
work environment for their team members and also give promotion to the employees who
are worth capable of it. They collectively do all the tasks and activities of the
organization to increase the production capacity and turnover of the firm.
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 Company's values and Ethics - The values of Tesco plc is to understand their customers.
The managers of company ensure that business operations are done in customize way in
order to fulfil values company. For meeting the needs of people company is efficiently
managing their teams to achieve the desired results on time. The managers of firm shows
supportive nature to their subordinates (Alvesson, and Sveningsson, 2015). They are
sharing knowledge to improve overall efficiency of employees. They are also paves one
step ahead in contribution to business ethics. They keep ensure that loyalty towards there
customers are maintained.
 Sustainability - Tesco plc is ensuring that they offer sustainable products to their
customers. Business operations of company are engaged in providing great quality
products to their customers in order to increase customer's satisfaction level towards their
company (Paulraj and et.al., 2017). Managers of company also ensures that recent
commitment of firm which is to adopt sustainable development goal gets fulfilled
(Amanchukwu and et.al., 2015). They are working one step forward to promote
sustainability. Through running various campaigns they are making customers aware to
purchase certified sustainable seafood. They also source with care without harming
natural resources.
CONCLUSION
Hereby, it can be concluded that management and operations plays the vital role in
processing of Tesco. Operations management is the methodology of business It is the practice
which helps to create the highest level of productivity within the business enterprise.. This
method is helps to reflection with designing and controlling the production process and it
converted the raw material into the products and services. Firms uses this tool in their business to
redesign the process of production in order to maximize the profits of firm.
The present report is based on management and operations of Tesco. Furthermore, report
has covered different things as various role of leader and functions of manger in the context of
wider organization. Further More, report has been comparing the differences between leader and
manager according to the role and characteristics. Moreover, it has been explained the different
theories and models of leadership and also described the different approaches and importance of
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operation management. Lastly, study has been conducted on different business environmental
factors such as internal and external, that impact on the leaders and manager decision making
power.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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review. Leadership. 16. pp.1-7.
Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S., 2015. Changing organizational culture: Cultural change
work in progress. Routledge.
Driskill, G.W., 2018. Organizational culture in action: A cultural analysis workbook. Routledge.
Winnubst, J., 2017. Organizational structure, social support, and burnout. In Professional
burnout (pp. 151-162). Routledge.
Donate and et.al., 2015. The role of knowledge-oriented leadership in knowledge management
practices and innovation. Journal of Business Research. 68(2). pp.360-370.
Bloom and et.al., 2019. What drives differences in management practices?. American Economic
Review. 109(5). pp.1648-83.
Paulraj and et.al., 2017. Motives and performance outcomes of sustainable supply chain
management practices: A multi-theoretical perspective. Journal of Business Ethics.
145(2). pp.239-258.
Rumble, G., 2019.The planning and management of distance education. Routledge.
Pheng, L.S. and Meng, C.Y., 2018.Managing productivity in construction: JIT operations and
measurements. Routledge.
Choi, T.M., Wallace, S.W. and Wang, Y., 2018. Big data analytics in operations
management. Production and Operations Management,27(10), pp.1868-1883.
Online
Total Quality Management (TQM). 2019. [Online]. Available through :
<https://www.toolshero.com/quality-management/total-quality-management-tqm/>.
Six Sigma. 2019. [Online]. Available through : <https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/six-
sigma.asp>.
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