Roles and Characteristics of a Leader and a Manager in Management and Operations

This report discusses the roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager in the context of management and operations. It explores the different functions and responsibilities of leaders and managers in various situations. The case study focuses on Marks & Spencer, a British multinational retailer. The report also examines the importance of leadership and management in achieving business objectives and the impact of external factors on operational management and decision making.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
LO1.............................................................................................................................................................3
P1Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager........................3
LO2.............................................................................................................................................................6
P2 Examine examples of the roles of a leader and functions of a manager apply different situational
contexts...................................................................................................................................................6
P3 Apply different theories and models of approach including situational leadership, systems
leaderships and contingency....................................................................................................................7
LO3...........................................................................................................................................................10
P4 Explain key approaches to operations management and role that leaders and managers play..........10
P5 Explain importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives............12
LO4...........................................................................................................................................................13
P6 Assess factors within business environment that impact upon operational management and decision
making by leaders and managers...........................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organisation structure refers to the process of that system which helps in creating the
outline for completing the various activities within the organisation. It can involve various rules,
regulations, roles and responsibilities on the basis of which a firm can accomplish its goals ands
objectives. However, management structure shows that how an organisation can manages its
activities on every level by following various organisational structures so that operations can be
done within the company for earning higher profits. This report is based on the Marks &
Spenser that is one of the largest British multinational retailers in their UK and deals in
worldwide. It sales varieties of product range like foods, clothing, Home wares etc. It includes
1400 stores in all over the world with around 50 websites portals. It includes the roles of a
manager and a leader in a particular business environment and how they handle the critical
situation within the company so that they will earn high amount of profits and revenues. It also
includes the various leadership theory and models that helps in solving the problems and threats
that was face by the business venture. At last it shows the different factors that will impact the
operations of the business(Gillen, Jacquillat and Odoni, 2016).
LO1
P1Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager
Marks & Spencer
M& S Plc. is the British multinational retailer in the London, UK that was founded in the
1884 and served their services and products on a global nature. It deals in varieties of products
like clothing, food products, M& S bank, home products those sales by their employees in over
the world. it has 80000 employees who are working with venture having the revenues of £
10,377.3 million. It is famous for selling the innovative ands standardized products to the
customers worldwide(Gibson and Parkman, 2018).
Leaders
It refers to a person who can lead and influence another person or their team mates for
accomplishing the task and give the productive result5s to the company. It shows the art of
motivating and encouraging the workers for reaching the desired goals. They can meet and

directs the employees for making the strategy and fulfills the company needs. In Marks &
Spenser it plays a significant role some of this can be shown below(Nakagawa, NEC Corp,
2015).
Role of leaders
 Coach – The main role of a leader in marks and Spenser is to take the whole
responsibility to develop the skills and knowledge of the employees for a particular task
and assigned the roles to meet the future objectives. This helps in enhancing the
knowledge of the workers and also reaching the targets in time which is an important part
of the organisation.
 Vision provider- it is another main role that shows without the proper vision or strategy
no employees can give their best and fulfills their work. In t5his leader play a significant
role by providing the effective vision for reaching the company into the new heights. In
this leader of a Marks & Spenser can gives the proper guidelines about their vision to
their employees by showing them the clear picture of the future of the company so that
they will do efforts in completing the goals.
Characteristics of a leader
 Communication – The main characteristics of a leader is effective communication in this
a leader can transmit the information in a clear and concise way that helps in coaching the
people. In Marks & Spenser leader can clearly communication the roles, social identities
to the employees so that they can maintain the workplace culture.
 Respect – It is other characteristics that show that leader of a Marks & Spenser can
respect each and every employee this will helps in reducing the conflicts and disrespect
problems and helps in maintaining the trust and healthy environment within the working
place.
Managers
A manager is a person who can control or manage the entire organisation by using their
core aspects in every levels of the departments i.e. planning, organizing, staffing, directing and
controlling. It helps in supervising the employees for completion the task in an effective manner.

In Marks & Spenser manager can follows some rules and maintains characteristics that can be
shown below(Cucoranu, 2015).
Roles of a manager
 Planning – It shows the course of actions on which manager need to think to achieve
the specific goals. It is an initial step and the primary role of a manager where plans are
made for effective outcomes. In this manager of a Marks & Spenser can make a plan for
managing the global recruiting and selection process as per the culture and laws related to
employees.
 Managing – It refers to that role in which manager of a Marks & Spenser can coordinate
and integrate all the frameworks so that resources can be managed and task related to the
hiring, supply of goods etc can be done effectively.
Characteristics of a manager
 Transparency – Here, manager of a M& s can make a transparent culture so that
employees are open to share their thoughts which is very helpful in earning a profits and
it also helps to satisfied the employees and their trust level towards the company.
 Make effective decisions - The main characteristic of a Marks & Spenser manager is to
take effective decisions and plan according to this so that employees can follows the plan
and reach the appropriate goal in time.
Difference between management and leadership
Management Leadership
In this managers can mainly emphasis on
creating the new ideas and exercise the control
and power over the employees.
In this leader can emphasis on implementing
the effective ideas and develop their power
with the employees and followers.
In this management can use the authoritarian
style, bureaucratic theory, scientific theory of
management(Bromiley and Rau, 2016).
Leaders can follow the motivational style that
helps in encouraging people for effective work.
it also includes contingency theory, system
theory and situational theory.
Functions of management

It is an essential function of management that is proposed by Henri Fayol that helps in
properly considering the principles of management that can be follows(Akalin, Huang and
Willems, 2016).
 Planning- It is an essential function of management that includes strategic objectives for
securing the goals and accomplishing the task in an appropriate manner. In this manager
of M&S has involves in the planning function so that task can be attained and goals can
be achieved. For example- in case of launching new product manager can plan to survey
the market so that product can be made easily and employees can done their task
efficiently.
 Organizing- In this manager of a M&S can focus on organization the workforce of an
business venture so that they can train their employees’ that goals can be achieved in an
effective way. For example- In this manager of M&S can indulge in launching of new
product due to this they can organize their employees and provide training to them
according to their skills so that they can sustain in the market for a longer period of time.
 Commanding- In this manager of an enterprise can focus on their employees routine
work so that they can do their task efficiently and effectively and follow al the rules and
guidelines. For example – in case of M&S manager can focus on their subordinates work
so and encourages towards the accepting the change and communicating their taught s to
their superiors this helps in attaining the targets and earns a high amounts of profits.
 Coordination- It is very essential to maintain the coordination between the superior and
subordinates so that company can enhance their brand image in marketplace and earns a
high amount of profits. For ex. - in case of M&S manager can focus on maintaining the
coordination so that they can enrich their employee’s works and achieves the targets for
longer survival.
 Controlling- It is the last function of management where managers can control all their
activities by making appropriate plans and objectives. for example- In case of M&S
manager can control all the activities so the launching of new product can be done
effectively and efficiently.
Roles of a leader

 Figurehead- The major role of a leader is to perform their responsibilities related to
social, ceremonial and legal aspects. Incase of M&S manager can properly involve in
their responsibility by connecting with their workforce by attending their weddings and
taking their potential customers for brunch.
 Leader- It shows the motivating, encouraging theme that a leader can use to enhance the
performance of employees. In case of M&S leader can motivates their employees for
accepting the change in monetary and non monetary value so that they can work with
efficiently and effectively.
 Liaison- In this leader can make a strong network with outside people to enhance their
sustainability. For Example- In case of M&S, leader can maintain their relation with
outside suppliers and clients so that new launching of product can be made successful.
 Monitor- In this leader can monitor and evaluate the issues so that they can least affect
the task and set the path for success. for example- leader of M&S can monitor all the
activities that can involve in the production of production of product so that optimum
utilization of resources can be done and company enjoy more profits.
 Disseminator- In this leader can transmit the information within their team that is
collected from internal and external source. For example- In case of M&S, leader can
convey their policies and guidelines as per the internal and external guidelines so that
followers do their work effectively(Bromiley and Rau, 2016).
 Spokesperson- leader play a role of spokesperson in front of outsiders so that they can
maintains the discipline within organization. In case of M&S, leader can be spokesperson
at the time of crises management so that they can handle the situation and achieves the
task.
 Entrepreneur- A leader play a role of entrepreneur so that they encourage change and
innovation within organisation. For example- In M&S, leader can play a role of
entrepreneur so that they can motivate their followers to accept the change as per
business environment this helps in enjoying longer sustainability of firm.
 Disturbance handler- In case of M&S, there is more conflicts arise in the employees at
this time leader play a role of handling the situation so that they can enjoy retaining the
employees so that they perform their task effectively.

 Resource allocator- In this leader can allocate the resources towards their employees as
per their skills so that they can enjoy longer sustainability. For example- In case of M&S,
leader can allocate the resources so that launching of new product is efficiently done.
 Negotiator- In this leader can negotiate the factors that may affects the areas related to
managers responsibilities. For example- In M&S leader can negotiate their power as per
the environment of company and their related situation this helps in maintaining decorum
within organisation(Cucoranu, 2015).
LO2
P2 Examine examples of the roles of a leader and functions of a manager apply different
situational contexts
Every business organisation have to face the various types of situations that is very
critical sometimes to solve it quickly and due to this it will affect the operations of the business
enterprise. In this situations manager and a leader can play an important role to carry the
business to the new heights and maintain their image in front of the market. This also helps in
gaining the competitive advantage and also gives the longer sustainability of the firm. To
understand the role and function of a leader and manager at the time of facing some situations in
the Marks & Spenser can given below(Akalin, Huang and Willems, 2016).
1. Crises management – It refers to that crucial situation in which company can manages
the situations to overcome the critical problems. In this time organisation can involved in
the planning wrong things because of this operations of the enterprise may effect and
stakeholders may face the major threats. To maintain the situation in the Marks &
Spenser leaders and managers play some roles that can be shown below.
Role of a leader
 In this situation in the Marks & Spenser leader play a role of a spokesperson in
front of the larger media and other stakeholders so that they can make and
maintain the trust on them on the company.
 In these leaders of a Marks & Spenser can take the whole responsibility of
accountability so that they can take tough decisions to overcome the critical

situations and they also follow a important leadership that helps in controlling the
operations and covers the whole situations(Wu, 2016).
Functions of a manager
 The main function of a Marks & Spenser manager is to delegate and give the
authority and responsibility to the different departments that they do their
assigned work according to the situations arises so that work can be done in an
effective way.
 In this crises situation manager of a Marks & Spenser can effectively
communicate all the details and plans so that it is very clearly understand by the
employees. In this situation manager can examine all the functions of area as they
work effectively or not and if not they can motivates them for doing the
productive work.
2. Major product launch - As Marks & Spenser is one of the global enterprise so when
they launched the new goods and services into thye market it is very essential to make a
proper strategies to position and maintains the value of the product offering into the
market. at this time managers and a leaders can plays a significant functions and role that
helps in introducing the new major product in the market that can be explained
underneath.
Role of a leader
 The main role of a Leader of a Marks & Spenser in this situation is to set the
vision and according to that make strategies that help in launching and producing
the products into the market.
 In this situation Leader of Marks & Spenser can play a role of a spokesperson to
deliver their company new products features into the large media and many public
so that they can earn high amount of profits.
Functions of a manager
 The major functions of a manager of Marks & Spenser are to hire new candidates
that have proper skills and knowledge about the market and control the operations
according to that so that work can be done in an appropriate way.

 In this manager of a company can set the price of the new products that is
understand by the public and they can buy the products in high amounts(Hitt, Xu
and Carnes 2016).
3. Stable situation- This situation is related to safety oriented and that cannot majorly
affect the operations of business for a long period of time. This concept consider
predictability and maintaining standards of living that can helpful in providing direction
to vision, mission and strategic plan. In case of M&S, stable situation is related to
performance appraisal because it is occur in a year and it can affect the longer
sustainability of business. In this leader play a significant role by becoming a
spokesperson and motivator so that they can motivates their employees that helps in
enhancing their performance. In this managers can properly execute and monitor all the
employees’ performance so that appraising the workforce is easy(Fisichelli and et. al.,
2016).
4. Slow to moderate situation- This situation is related to for 6 to 8 months time period. in
this some type of crises may be involved that can be impact on the company for a certain
period of time. In case of M&S, crises relayte3d to conflicts present between the
employees due to this company may reduce their production by not properly performing
the task. In this leader present as a spokesperson between the top level authority and low
level workers so that conflicts can be resolves effectively. in this manager can organizing
all the activities in an efficient way by involving all employees in decision making
process this helps in reducing the conflicts and enhancing the overall performance that
can enhance the profits. it is also related to beating the competitors by enhancing the
quality and retaining the employees for a longer period of time.
5. Fast changing situation- This situation is presented to those situations which is occur
very fastly and impact the organisation frequently. In this business external environment
is related to this situation. For example- In context of M&S, fast changing situation
related to the changes in taste of customers in UK related to clothing and food. Due to
this manager can perform a role related to research the market so that they can
manufactures the goods as per customer satisfaction and leader can guide their followers
so that they can follow the manager vision as per leaders guidance that helps in earning
more sustainability and profits.

P3 Apply different theories and models of approach including situational leadership, systems
leaderships and contingency
In every business organisation leadership styles and models can play an important role
for achieving the targets and earns a high amount of profits. This is very useful to control the
situation and maintains the discipline in an effective manner. In case of Marks & Spenser
company leaders can follow and use the various styles of leadership as per the situation arise
within the organisation can be explained below(Mahadevan, 2015).
Situational leadership - It refers to that leadership style in which manager or a leader can
adjust and use the style that can be best suitable for the arising situation. In this leader and
manager can change their style not the followers and subordinates change their style of adapting
that models. It is very flexible in nature that helps in solving the major issues in an proficient
way. In this Marks & Spenser leader can use this style so that they can control and successful
achieving the targets related to the crucial business situation. This model includes various types
of aspects that can be shown below.
 Telling- This aspect shows that a leader of a respected company can make a decisions
and communicate it with the employees in an effective way. They also promote two way
communications so that reaching the goal is easy.
 Selling- In this aspect leader of an organisation can sale their ideas and vision to their
employees so that they can understand and effectively work on them.
 Delegating – This framework shows that a leader of a M& S can give the responsibility
to their team members so that they can make decisions on their own way to reach the
goals. it is only possible when the followers are highly experiences and matured to tackle
the difficult and complex issues.
 Participating - In this style of leadership leader of Marks & Spenser can encourage the
followers to take part in the decisions making process related to the major new launch of
a products. This helps in satisfied the employees and boost their morale of effective
working.

Systems leadership – It refers to that theory of leadership where the leaders can create particular
conditions at all levels to complete the task in appropriate manners. It is an integrated process of
collaborative style of leadership and creation in decentralized within the environment of
organisation. In this style employees are open to perform their best and give the effective
leadership style. In context of Marks & Spenser leader can use this model so that work can be
done in a systematic way and this will able to maintain the control and directing within the
organisation. In this there are various departments in the concerned company like finance,
production, marketing , research etc. and to maintain the coordination and collaboration leaders
can ensures that all the work are under the control and proper supervision so that task can be
achieved in an appropriate way. It is very attractive model as it will enhance the interrelationship
between the different functional departments. This helps in achieving the overall goals (Li,
2015). This theory is also based on the learning system that helps in converting the input into
output by travelling through various types of processes. In this Peter Senge is related, their
learning system theory for achieving the goals so that they can enjoy large amount of profits and
reducing the wastage so that they can gain the competitive advantage. Another system theory is
proposed by Ludwig von betalanffy that suggest the interacting elements within environment that
helps in producing the goods within organisation. In case of M&S, mangers and leaders can
adopts this system theory that helps in taking the customers follow-up and producing the goods
into the effective manner by proper planning, organizing, controlling and leading the task so that
they cannot face any issue related to the achieving the task and they can enjoy longer success by
beating the competitors within marketplace(Fisichelli and et. al., 2016).
Contingency leadership – This model of leadership is very Flexible in nature as it shows that no
particular style of leadership can solve all the problems. It is a type of proactive style that was
developed by Fred Edwards Fiedler. This approach is based on the majorly three factors like
leader styles, structure of the working environment and the relationship between the employees.
It helps in gaining the effectiveness in the task related to teams with the helps of an appropriate
style. This type of theory helps the leaders of a Marks & Spenser to analyse the situation and
then evaluate the best model or style that will helps in maintaining the relations between the
departments and the working structure it is more important to enhance the productivity and get
the proficient results(Radnor and Bateman, 2016).

Strength and weakness of different leadership theories
Leadership styles Strength Weaknesses
Situational leadership The main strength of this is
that it helps the employees of
M& S to stay happy within the
working place. so that it
enhances the performance by
getting the proper direction
from the leaders.
The major weakness of this
model in M& S is that it is not
for the long term success
because business environment
is dynamic in nature due to
this collected data is not
sufficient for future solving
the issues(Fisichelli and et. al.,
2016).
System leadership In M&S this helps in
enhancing the personal
performance and make
specialization in particular
work so that goals can be
achieved in an appropriate
manner.
In this the major weakness is
that in this employees are
mainly dependent on their
team and this arise the
conflicts in the organisation. It
also takes more time to take
and make the decisions related
to achieving the project.
Contingency leadership In this model of leadership
Marks & Spenser leaders can
gives the rights to their team
mates to gives their ideas and
suggestions this will helps in
maintaining the relations and
connection between the team
members and individual may
feel secure for their job.
The main weakness of using
and applying this theory is that
it needs highly knowledge and
experienced person that
sounds to be impossible for
every time and every
organisation because of this it
is called a rigid process.

LO3
P4 Explain key approaches to operations management and role that leaders and managers play
Operation management- It refers to the business practice that is related to the efficiency
of management within the terms of business venture. It inculcates the conversion of raw material
and inputs into the finished goods and outputs that is helpful to maximize the profits and
sustainability within the marketplace and also assist in gaining the competitors advantage in the
competitive market. With the background of M&S operation management is a prominent term
that helps in converting the raw material into efficient output that can attracts large base of
customers.
In organizations there are various approaches that can be includes in completing the
operations to achieve the overall objectives of the firms. For Marks & Spenser using the
effective approaches according to the activities helps in completing the task in an effective and
efficient way. There are various types of key approaches of the operations management that can
be shown below.
 Six -Sigma - It refers to a tools or method that is helpful in improving the process of the
operations within the working environment. It was proposed by the American Engineer
Bill Smith in 1986. It is an statistical approach that is eliminating the defects in the
production of the goods, processes and the services that can reduce the customer
satisfaction and causing the problem of switching the company by the consumers. It
includes the total manufacturing process that removes the defects and maintains the
quality of the goods. This framework includes five aspects that can be shown
below(Kopardekar and et. al., 2016).
D shows the defining the issues and problems and the goals and objectives of the project
M shows the measuring the different aspects for solving the current situation or project.
A includes the identifying the data and analyse it for further processes.
I show improvement in the production and process.
C shows the controlling measures for the process for achieving the targets.

 Total quality management – It refers to that approaches where employees can regularly
focus on improving their performance so that they can fulfills the demands of the
customers and maintain their loyalty towards the company and its products and services
by providing them demanded goods. It involves the decisions related to the managerial
functions and the production process so that it can improve the overall performance of the
business operations. This approach is mainly focus on the improving the production
process or ensures that the customers get the high quality products. In context of the
Marks & Spenser they can use this approach for producing the foods and improve the
quality according to the demands of the markets. This will enhance the profits and
increases the longer sustainability in the marketplace.
 Just in time- It refers to that approach which is used to maintain and organize the stock
and eliminating the problem of excess and shortage of the products and services. In this
model products orders and received both are depends on the production process and their
arises time. In context of Marks & Spenser leader can focus on the executing activity
that is regulate by the followers to maintain the effectiveness and efficiency of the
business in the stock level. In this manager of the company can make a plan for
effectively use of this approach that will remove the issue of excessiveness and shortages
of inventory.
 Continuous improvement- It is also called the Kaizen theory that is related to the
positive changes within organisation. It is related to reengineering and redesigning the
model of business that helps in constantly changes the business term. In this case of
M&S, leaders can do their work in which they can build a team who can identify the
wastage and improving the resources by regularly evaluating them. In this manager can
perform their role in an efficient manner where they can focus on improving the overall
performance to the motive gaining the competitive advantage and earning more and more
profits(Fisichelli and et. al., 2016).
By using the approaches of the operation management leaders and managers play and effective
role in the Marks & Spenser that can be shown below.
 Provides effective directions - In case of M& S leader can provides the direction as per
the set vision to their followers and in this managers can examine the details related to the

plan and supervise them. as per this manager is responsible for checking the proper
execution of work and leaders is responsible for giving the suitable directions to their
team mates so improvements can be done in an effective way(Grant, Trautrims and
Wong, 2017).
 Brings quality initiatives – In this aspect both leaders and managers of the concerned
company can play an effective role to maintain the quality and differentiation in the
products to gain the competitive advantage in the marketplace. In this manager can use
the various approaches of the operation like total quality management and lean
management etc. whereas leaders can motivates and encourages employees to follow
them effectively.
P5 Explain importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives
Business organizations use the various types of activities and procedures that can directly
or indirectly affects the operations of the business. In this Marks & Spenser is the British
multinational company that deals in the various products like foods, clothing and bank to sustain
in the competitive market they can follow the innovation techniques and strategies that is helpful
in beating the competition in the marketplace. In this they can mainly focus on the continue
improvements of the process and production to minimize to gain the market and maintain the
efficiency. It involves the various activities to solve the problem and maintain the improvements
in the organisation. It includes the planning, organizing, directing and controlling the activities so
that improvements can be efficient that gives proficient results. In this concerned company
manager can make a plan for achieving the overall targets and arranges and organized all the
functions by properly supervised the activities in the business operations. They also direct the
employees by taking whole responsibility to accomplish the targets. The main aim of the
organisation is to enhance their profits by 20% for this they can deliver the productive products
to their customers that helps in satisfying the demands and needs of the consumers. In this they
use the Just in time approach to maintain the stock level in the outlets. Also use the total quality
management approach that helps in the operations of the business by managing the transporting
process and the quality of the product so that customers are satisfied with them and company
earns a high amount of profits. Proper managing and maintains in all levels of the business
activities helps in sustainability band proficiency of the business venture. To fulfill the objectives
of the firms they use the Kaizen model where the improvement is done on the regular basis this

will maintains the brand image of the Marks & Spenser in the marketplace(Thomé, Scavarda and
Scavarda, 2016).
Common objectives of M&S
 The main aim of the M&S is to maintain their sustainability in the market by providing
efficient quality products and services to their customer.
 M&S are working for enhancing their sales by 20% and profits by 15% to satisfy the
demands of customers. It is also related to increasing the growth of company by retaining
customers and employees.
Functions of operations management
 Finance- It is the major function of operation management in which manager can utilized
their whole funds in an appropriate manner so that needs of customers are fully satisfied.
In case of M&S, manager can evaluate all the finance and allocate the funds as per the
requirement and leader can direct and commands their employees so that it can be
efficiently.
 Strategy- Operation management doing the essential task for making the strategy to
optimal utilizing the resources of firm that helps in holding the money and maintains the
survival of business. In context of M&S, manager can made the strategy that helps in
satisfying the customers and utilization of resources.
 Operations- It is related to planning, organizing, directing and controlling the activities
within organisation that helps in converting raw material into finished goods. In case of
M&S, manager can plan their operation by using various function of management so that
raw material can convert into finished goods in an efficient and effective way.
 Product design- This is related to use of technology that is helpful in designing the
products as per market trends. In case of M&S, manager and leader can focus on
designing the product on the basis of using advanced technology. This helps in earning
more profits.
 Forecasting- It is an essential function of operation management in which manager of
M&S can forecast the demand of customers for enhancing the growth and revenues in
their survival.

LO4
P6 Assess factors within business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision making by leaders and managers
Analyzing the business environment is very important to sustain and earns the large
amount of profits in the marketplace. In this manager of Marks & Spenser can examine the
external frameworks that place a high emphasis on the role of leaders and managers that can be
underneath.
 CSR - It refers to that responsibility that shows the contribution of the businesses in the
societal goals, charitable goals that helps in engaging the supporting ethically oriented
practices. In case of Marks & Spenser they manager and a leader can focus on the CSR
responsibility because it maintains the company image and increases the market share of
the organisastion. In this they could follow the recycling process that helps in reducing
the wastage and optimum utilization of resources. In this company cal also focus on the
eco-friendly transportation facilities so that it is very proficient benefit for the business
venture.
 SUSTAINABILITY – It is an important term that shows the success of the business
enterprise because a firm can be sustain in the marketplace when they earn high amount
of success and maintain their image in the competitive world. For sustaining in the
market Marks & Spenser can focus on the innovation in the products and services that
will value to the customers and in these leaders can take the decisions to directs the
employees for efficient working and manager can research the market for enhancing the
sales of the company (Mahadevan, 2015).
 Stakeholders- It refers to those people that presents as an important source because they
invest and show their interest in the organisation for longer sustainability within the firm.
In this they invested more and show their control to fulfill the responsibility of the
company. In case of M&S, leaders can show their trust towards the organisation so that
employees can effectively do their work. Whereas managers can make transparency
towards their stakeholders so that they cannot fear about their invented amount.
 Organisational culture- This defines the term related to norms, belief and expectations
of an individual within society that influence the operations of the organization. In

context of M&S, as they deal globally due to this managers and leaders mainly focvus on
their culture within organisation so that they can feel success and longer sustainability
within organisation. Manager can adopts the culture by focusing on business environment
that can helps in meeting the needs of customers and employees.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it is to be concluded that the management and operations are the
significant aspects in the organisation if it is follow in an appropriate manner they can earn high
amount of profits and sustainability in the marketplace. It suggests the managers and leaders both
play an important role to solve the problems that was arises in the business venture. In this leader
can follow a suitable theory that helps in solving the issues and manager can flows the proper
management approaches that helps in direct the company to face the challenges and accept the
opportunities for earning higher profits. In this they can face the problem related to the conflict
management where both leaders and manager can manage the relations between the subornation
and the top level managers so that it helps in maintaining the environment on the working place
and it also helps in enhancing the brand image in the world (Nakagawa, NEC Corp, 2015). Using
the operational approach in the business like six-sigma, just in time etc. helps in future for
earning the growth and market share in the market place.

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