Operations Management and Leadership

The provided document is a comprehensive analysis of operations management and leadership strategies. It explores the importance of operations management in delivering items that meet customer needs and wants, while also analyzing internal and external factors that impact business success. The assignment also discusses leadership styles and their role in directing team members and enhancing sales and profitability. It provides a detailed overview of various topics related to operations management and leadership, making it a valuable resource for students and professionals alike.

Management and
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Roles and characteristics of leader and manager...................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................2
P2 Application of role of leader and functions of manager in different situations.....................2
P3 Various model and theories of leadership approaches on M&S............................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
P4 Key approaches to operations management and role that leaders and managers play..........5
P5 Importance and value of operations management to achieve business objectives................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
P6 Factors within business environment that affect operational management and decision-
making.........................................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Management and operations defines that business operations require to be conducted in
proficient manner which help organisation to deliver adequate items and services in marketplace;
thereby attain goals and objectives (What is Operations Management?, 2015). Leader construct
relations with employees which benefit them to anticipate conflicts and issues faced by them;
thereby provide them appropriate solutions. Present report is based on Marks and Spencer which
is popular retail store established in UK, and in various nations; that provide different varieties of
food products and clothes to people. This assignment specifies that superior responsibility is to
provide tasks and targets to members in according to their skills and abilities. This benefits firm
to provide items and services in respect to needs and wants of public which help administration
to grab attention of large number of customers.
TASK 1
P1 Roles and characteristics of leader and manager
Superior responsibility is to conduct business operations and make members perform
tasks in such manner that adequate items and services are delivered by firm in marketplace.
As indicated by López and et. al. (2015), manager formulate tactics and strategies to
regulate and manage functioning of staff members; thereby make them perform activities in
effective manner and attain targets within specified deadline.
According to Liu and et. al. (2015), leader establish relations with staff members to keep
them dedicated and inspire them towards duties assigned by administration. This helps them to
timely anticipate issues and conflicts faced by employees; thereby provide them adequate
solutions and perform tasks effectively.
Mintzberg's role of management: Superior responsibility is to make employees perform tasks
effectively and deliver adequate items and services in marketplace. These are various duties that
are performed by superior of M&S are described below:
Interpersonal role: Management require to establish relationship with employees to
make them feel connected and dedicated towards job. It is essential that superior conduct training
and development programs to enhance skills and abilities of members; thereby make them
perform tasks effectively. Leader consists strong bond with workers, so they are able to
anticipate issues and conflicts that are faced them; thereby provide them adequate solutions. This
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help M&S to retain skilled and competent manpower for longer period and reduce their absent
rate.
Informational role: Superior duty is to provide tasks and targets to employees in respect
to their skills and abilities. Meeting and conferences are conducted by management of M&S
which help them to deliver appropriate data to members about work and activities that are
assigned to them.
Decisional role: Management prime responsibility is to involve employees so that
adequate judgements are taken by administration which are beneficial for organisation. They
require to frame appropriate strategies and select alternatives which help M&S to provide items
and services in respect to needs and wants of people (Slack, 2015).
Characteristics of manager and leader are defined below:
 Management duty is to frame adequate strategies; thereby leader responsibility is to
provide direction and guidance to manpower; thereby keep them motivated and inspired
towards job.
 Employees will perform tasks effectively, if they get work and targets in respect to their
skills and abilities.
 Manager conduct training and developments programs to enhance capabilities of
workforce in respect to duties assigned to them.
 Manager and leader establishes relations with members, so they timely anticipate issues
and conflicts faced by them; thereby provide them adequate solutions.
TASK 2
P2 Application of role of leader and functions of manager in different situations
Firms are present in environment which is dynamic, so administration require to make
strategies and tactics in respect to make system function in efficient manner. Along this, manager
even require to implement adequate tools and techniques in system. This benefits organisation to
utilise funds, material and manpower appropriately and deliver items and services in according to
needs and wants of people (Thaler, Priest and Fuchs, 2016). In M&S, employees are given duties
in respect to their skills and abilities so they timely attain targets that are assigned to them by
executives. Management provide instruction and guidance to workers, so they will perform tasks
in effective manner. Along this, leader establishes relations with workforce which help them to
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make employees motivated and dedicated towards job. This help company to retain skilled and
competent members for longer period and also reduce their labour absent rate. These are various
conditions in which both manager and leader require to function are stated below:
Delegation of authority: This situation define that administration provide duties and
powers to subordinates to make them feel connected and value their capabilities. Employees are
given freedom to make judgements and choices so that business operations are conducted in
appropriate manner. In M&S, staff members chooses alternatives and make changes in system so
that items and services are delivered by company in respect to taste and preference of public.
Employees skills and knowledge is improved as they will execute work in innovative manner
and implement new techniques so that they complete tasks within deadline (Fayol, 2016).
Decision-making process: This conditions specifies activities that are executed by top
executives to take appropriate judgements and choices which are beneficial for firm. Staff
members have complete and accurate information about system and market situations, so they
will provide information to administration which is beneficial for organisation. In M&S,
employees are involved by management in decision-making process so appropriate judgements
and sections are made by company. Along this, timely alterations are made in system and
advanced technologies are implemented; thus quality items and services are delivered in
marketplace.
Training and development: Management conduct performance appraisal activities which
help them to acknowledge abilities of employees on basis of outcomes generated by them and
standards that were provided to them. Sessions, seminars and conferences are appropriate
activities that are conducted by superiors to improve skills and abilities of employees in respect
to duties and targets that are assigned by administration. In M&S, training and development
programmes are organised by manger, so firm have skilled and competent manpower which
perform tasks effectively and timely accomplish their targets (Balasubramaniam and et. al.,
2016).
Thus, it can be comprehended that manager and leader established healthy relationship
with members so they are able to utilise funds, material and manpower in efficient manner.
Along this, management formulate strategies and tactics which help them to make system
function in according to market conditions. Leader provide adequate instruction and supervision
to employees in respect to make them perform tasks effectively. This benefit organisation to
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retain skilled and competent manpower which have capability to handle complex and difficult
situations easily.
P3 Various model and theories of leadership approaches on M&S
Superior establishes relations with staff members which help them to keep employees
motivated and dedicated towards job. Leader responsibility is to provide adequate instruction and
guidance to manpower in respect to duties assigned to them. This help M&S to make workers
perform tasks effectively and deliver adequate items and services in marketplace. Manager and
leader uses various leadership theories and models which help them to make system function
effectively and deal with complex situations in proficient manner (Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017).
Thus, these are various leadership approaches that are used by superior of M&S are described
below:
Situational leadership: This is form of approach which defines that superior require to
make system function in according to market conditions. Leader require to be flexible and have
abilities to handle difficulties and complexities that are present in environment. Management
conduct market survey which help them to anticipate needs and wants of public, thereby deliver
them appropriate products. Training and development programs are executed by seniors to
enhance skills and abilities of employees and make them capable to face challenges and perform
tasks effectively.
System leadership style: This approach defines that management duty is to implement
appropriate tools and techniques in system, so that members deliver items and services in
according to taste and preferences of public. Administration require to make system function
effectively and utilise funds, material and manpower efficiently. Along this, they even require to
formulate strategies and policies which help management to direct employees and make them
perform tasks effectively (Lehmann and Joseph, 2015). This benefit firm to grab attention of
large number of people and enhance sales. Along this, superiors are able to enhance market
image and generate adequate profit from business.
Contingency leadership style: This form of approach specifies that management require
to make appropriate judgements and select alternatives which are beneficial for organisation. It is
necessary that superiors have accurate and complete information about internal and external
factors to acknowledge their impacts on business operations. Management have skilled and
competent manpower which help employees to handle difficulties and complex conditions
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appropriately. Along this, leader timely anticipate issues and conflicts faced by members;
thereby provide them adequate solutions. Thus, workers will perform tasks effectively and attain
targets within specified deadline.
Therefore, among these leadership style superior of M&S uses contingency approach
which helps management to accomplish goals and objectives. This form of leadership helps
subordinates to perform activities appropriately and deliver items and services in respect to needs
and wants of people (Certo, 2018). Along this, company is able to handle complexities and
difficulties; thereby conduct business operations in effective manner. Thus, administration is
able to enhance market position and position firm superior than competitors.
TASK 3
P4 Key approaches to operations management and role that leaders and managers play
Management duty is to make system function efficient and utilise funds, material and
manpower in adequate manner. Manager and leader of M&S have skilled and competent
manpower in firm so quality items and services are delivered in marketplace. Operations
management approaches are used by superior which help them to attract large number of people
and enhance sales. Along this, company is able to improve market position and generate
adequate profit from business. These are various tactics that are used by management are stated
below:
Six sigma: This approach define that superiors examine performance of employees and
outcomes generated by them. This help management to identify defect and variances in items by
comparing actual items from standards that were described to members. M&S which is a retail
store providing variety of products, leader responsibility is to deliver adequate things to
customers. With help of six sigma, manager is able to grab attention of large number of
customers and enhance sales as standardised items are provided by company (Knott-Craig and et.
al., 2015).
Total quality management: This concept specifies that management require to have
skilled and competent manpower, so that appropriate items and services are delivered in market.
Along this, superior main responsibility is to implement latest tools and techniques in system
which help firm to provide quality products to customers. This benefit M&S to grab attention of
large number of customers and position themselves higher than competitors. Thus, company
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sales are improved, profitability is increased and administration is able to enhance market image
and goodwill.
Lean production: This approach define that manager constructs relations with suppliers
which help organisations to order materials in according to needs and wants of customers. This
help administration to utilise funds appropriately as they don't require to store large amount of
raw in their warehouses. M&S which is retail store require that superior should have adequate
quantity of items available in store. They even require to have different variety of products in
according to demands and wants of customers. Hence, management of M&S have connection
with suppliers so appropriate products are available in stores.
Continuous improvement: Superior require to provide creative and innovative items and
services in respect to needs and wants of public. Manager make alterations in system and execute
modern tools and techniques, so M&S deliver quality and unique products in marketplace.
Leader take suggestions from lower personnels which directly communicates with clients and
have accurate information about needs and wants of people. Along this, sales people have
information about competitor's offerings; this help management to make changes in items and
provide things in according to taste and preference of public (Shirae and et. al., 2015).
P5 Importance and value of operations management to achieve business objectives
Administration responsibility is to utilise funds, material and manpower adequately; so
that business operations are executed in appropriate manner. This help management to deliver
adequate items and services in marketplace, thereby grab attention of large number of customers
and enhance sales. M&S provide quality food products and clothes to people which benefit
members to position firm superior than rival brands and enhance sales and profitability. Along
this, management is able to make employees perform tasks effectively; so firm's goals and
objectives are accomplished timely. Thus, these are various advantages that operations
management tactic have on system functionality are described below:
Minimize wastage of raw material: Superior uses various operations management
approaches which help them to conduct operations effectively; thereby deliver items and services
in according to needs and wants of public. Along this, modern tools and techniques are
implemented in system of M&S so employees uses material efficiently and reduce wastage of
raw things (McPherson and Pincus, 2017).
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Optimum utilisation of resources: Management require to deliver adequate items and
services in marketplace in according to needs and wants of people. They even require to use
funds, material and manpower in efficient manner so that appropriate products are provided by
firms to customers. M&S which is a retail store have modern technologies implemented in
system which benefit company to utilise material adequately and employees will perform tasks
in effective way. Thus, company deliver food items and clothes in respect to taste and preference
of public.
Profit maximisation: Organisation provide items and services in respect to needs and
wants of people which help management to grab attention of large number of customers. M&S
which is retail store has latest tools and techniques in system, so quality items and services are
delivered by company. This benefit administration to increase customer base and enhance sales;
thereby improve profitability (López and et. al., 2015).
TASK 4
P6 Factors within business environment that affect operational management and decision-making
Each and every organisation, administration duty is to examine internal and external
components to acknowledge their impact on business operations. It is essential that management
have complete information about environment of business which help firm to utilise resources
efficiently and deliver adequate items and services in according to needs and wants of public. In
M&S, administration involve subordinates in decision-making process so that appropriate
judgement and selections are made which are beneficial for company. Thus, organisations are
able to accomplish goals and objectives within specified time.
Internal factors: Management require to have information about system capabilities so
that they are able to utilise funds, material and manpower in adequate manner. Superior of M&S
examine intrinsic components to acknowledge strengths and weaknesses of company. This help
firm to deliver adequate items and services in market and accomplish goals and objectives. These
are various internal factors that require to be managed by manager are stated beneath: Stakeholders: This component includes investors, employees, suppliers and creditors;
which have influence on business operations. Administration duty is to formulate
appropriate strategies and tactics which help them to direct members; thereby make
employees perform tasks effectively (Liu and et. al., 2015). In M&S, executive
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provide profit share and benefits to shareholders which benefit company to retain them
for longer period. Along this, company is able to take additional funds to enlarge business
and set up outlets in different nations. This advantage firm to deliver adequate items and
services to customers; thereby enhance sales and generate adequate profit from business.
 CSR activities: This element defines that organisation deliver items and services in
marketplace to fulfil needs and wants of public. M&S conduct corporate social
responsibility which help management to take benefits from government in respect to
taxation. This also benefits company to enhance their market position and goodwill as
various activities are executed by management for welfare of society.
External factors: Administration conduct market survey to get accurate and complete
information about market conditions. This help them to anticipate opportunities and threats that
are present in environment. PEST analysis is appropriate technique that are conducted by
management of M&S are described below: Political factors: This component defines that government formulate policies in respect
to taxation, trade restrictions and employment laws; to regulate and manage functionality
of organisations. Administration of M&S has framed appropriate strategies which help
them to make system function legally and conduct operations in effective manner. Along
this, as retail store is established in different nations; so management require to make
system function in according to rules and regulations of government. This benefit
administration to enhance market image and reputation (Slack, 2015). Economic factors: This element defines that administration require to have complete
information about interest and exchange rate of country in which business operations are
conducted. If particular nation have inflation, than public have adequate income to
purchase items in respect to their needs and wants. M&S is retail store which consists
outlets established in different countries, so management require to have adequate funds
and resources to make system function effectively. Social factors: This component specifies that organisation provide variety of items and
services to fulfil needs and wants of people. Management conduct market survey which
helps them to acknowledge trends, culture and fashion that is prevailing in market. This
helps M&S to provide products in respect to customer's requirements. Thus, employees
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are able to grab attention of large number of people and enhance sales; thereby increase
profitability and market goodwill (Thaler, Priest and Fuchs, 2016).
 Technological factors: This element define that superior require to implement modern
tools and techniques in system, so that funds, material and manpower are utilised
efficiently. This benefits manager to deliver adequate items and services to people in
according to their needs and wants. M&S consists latest technologies which help
subordinates to provide products in according to taste and preference of clients. Hence,
company is able to compete with competitors and enhance market position and image.
Therefore, it can be comprehended that administration conduct examination of internal
and external factors to anticipate system capabilities and market conditions (Fayol, 2016).
Management responsibility is to conduct business operations adequately so that items and
services are delivered by M&S in according to taste and preference of people. This helps
company to attract large number of customers, thereby enhance sales and generate adequate
revenue from business.
CONCLUSION
As per above report, it can be concluded that management responsibility is to conduct
business operations effectively so that organisation goals and objectives are accomplished
timely. Superior require to provide duties and tasks to members on basis of their skills and
abilities. Along this, they even require to conduct training and development activities to enhance
capabilities of employees and make them perform tasks effectively. Leader require to use
appropriate leadership style which help them to direct members and make them motivated and
dedicated towards job. Operations management has various benefits, as it helps management to
deliver items in respect to needs and wants of people. Along this, internal and external factors
that are constituents of business environment are analysed by administration which help them to
take appropriate judgements, thereby enhance sales and profitability.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
López, M. A. and et. al., 2015. Demand-side management in smart grid operation considering
electric vehicles load shifting and vehicle-to-grid support. International Journal of
Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 64. pp.689-698.
Liu, B. and et. al., 2015. System operation and energy management of a renewable energy-based
DC micro-grid for high penetration depth application. IEEE Transactions on Smart
Grid. 6(3). pp.1147-1155.
Slack, N., 2015. Operations strategy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thaler, T. A., Priest, S.J. and Fuchs, S., 2016. Evolving inter-regional co-operation in flood risk
management: distances and types of partnership approaches in Austria. Regional
environmental change. 16(3). pp.841-853.
Fayol, H., 2016. General and industrial management. Ravenio Books.
Balasubramaniam, K. and et. al., 2016. Energy management system for enhanced resiliency of
microgrids during islanded operation. Electric Power Systems Research. 137. pp.133-
141.
Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H. R., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning,
scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Lehmann, J. and Joseph, S. eds., 2015. Biochar for environmental management: science,
technology and implementation. Routledge.
Certo, S. C., 2018. Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Education.
Knott-Craig, C.J. and et. al., 2015. Surgical management of symptomatic neonates with Ebstein’s
anomaly: choice of operation. Cardiology in the Young. 25(6). pp.1119-1123.
Shirae, T. and et. al., 2015. Operation management device and method for job continuation using
a virtual machine. U.S. Patent 9,069,597.
McPherson, R. A. and Pincus, M. R., 2017. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by
Laboratory Methods E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Online
What is Operations Management?. 2015. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.topmba.com/mba-programs/what-operations-management>.
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