Table of Content INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 P 1 Comparison of characteristics and roles of leader and manager......................................3 P 2 Roles of leader and role of manager in different situations.............................................5 P 3 Application of different theories and models of leadership.............................................7 P 4 Key approaches to operation management and role of leader.........................................8 P 5 Importance and value of operation management in achieving business objective..........9 P 6 Factors within business environment and impact upon operational management and decision-making...................................................................................................................10 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
INTRODUCTION The operation and management is a specific branch within the business which deals with managing the whole process of production of goods and services within which the company deals. The operation management deals with timely delivery of products and services to the ultimate consumers(Mohammadi, Soleymani and Mozafari, 2014). The present case is based on company Morrisons. It is a part of retail sector and was founded by William Morrison in the year 1899 around 120 years ago and was headquartered in Bradford, England, UK. The current report will start by covering the difference between manager and leader in respect of their characteristics and role within the company. Further it will discuss the role of leader and the role of manager in the company pertaining to different situations. Next the report will outline the different models and theories of leadership and how it is applied by leaders in business. Also, it will discuss some key approaches to operation management and role of leader init.Furthermore,itwillhighlighttheimportanceofmanagementandoperationsin accomplishing the business objective. At last the report will demonstrate the different factors present in the business environment which affects the working of management and operation and the decision- making. P 1 Comparison of characteristics and roles of leader and manager Leadershipistheprocessofguiding,directingandinfluencingitsfollowersand subordinates in the direction of attainment of goals and objectives of business. In contrast, management is the process of getting things done by others effectively and efficiently. Since leadership and management are different in their approaches so the role of leader and manager is also different. A leader is an individual or a person who is responsible for establishing objectives, conveying them to its followers and guide and direct them to accomplish the goals and objectives defined by leader. On the other hand, manager is a person who manages and checks that whether the work assigned by leader is going in accordance with the planned work or not. The leader performs the role of a motivator in hard situations as it motivates its followers whereas the manager is a person who is responsible for allocating all resources for the optimum utilization of them (Shabanpour - Haghighi and Seifi, 2015). There is a lot of difference between a leader and a
manager. Thedifferencebetween manager and leader of Morrison is discussed in the following points- BasisLeaderManager MeaningHeisapersonwhois responsiblefordirectingand guidingitssubordinatesor followersinorderto accomplish and achieve some specificgoalsandobjectives ofbusinesses(Radosavljević, Jevtić and Klimenta, 2016). Amanagerisanindividual whoisresponsibleforonly managingtheworkingand operations of business and is alsoresponsibleforall planning,directingand controllingthebusiness operations. ApproachThe leader has the approach of setting the direction for all the followerandsubordinates cominginitsdirectionand leadership. The approach of leader is just to follow the directions set by leader.Andtomake employeesunderstandthe plans and ideas of leader. InnovationLeader prefers innovation and creativityinthestyleof workingandcultureof organization. Manager just do the work as usual.Heisnotatall interested in innovating rather hepreferssamecourseof action every day. AimThe main aim of leader is to accomplishtheoverallgoals and objectives of the business. The main aim of the manager istokeepacheckonthe working of the employees and to get his salary. Long term viewLeader have long term view and that is why they look at the strength and weakness of the peopleandhelpthemin maintainingthosestrengths The view of manager is just on developingsystem,structure, budgeting,organizing, staffing, problem solving and controlling(Deihimi,Zahed
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and improving the weaknessesand Iravani, 2016). Developing skillsThe main objective of leader is to improvise the skills, traits andknowledgeofallits followers and to increase their confidence level so that they canworkeffectivelyand efficiently and can grow and develop. The manager does not try to developskills of others it just assigns employees with work and needs the work completed on time ConflictLeader is a person who loves touseconflictasatoolin order to improve themselves as well as its followers because in conflicting situations followers work more efficiently. In contrast, managers are the personwhoavoidconflicts. This is because of the reason thatconflictmayleadto mismanagement of work and also may reduce the efficiency ofemployeesbecausethe manager is not able to manage the conflict. Similarities With the above differences there are also some similarities like both the leader and manager works in one direction only that is attainment of overall organizational goal. Also there is similarity that both the leader and manager works for properly allocating the scarce resources so that they are optimally used. P 2 Roles of leader and role of manager in different situations With the help of difference between manager and leader it is quite clear that both are different in their role and type of work.So it very resonable that both of them will be different in their way of thinking and perceiving things.In the same situation both the manager and leader thinks and takes same thing in different ways. This is evident from the following examples of
different situation which occurs within the company. Different situations and the role of manager and leader of Morrison is as follows- Employee turnover-Itis a situation within which the employees of Morrisons leaves the job and goes to other companies(Anvari - Moghaddam, Monsef and Rahimi - Kian, 2014). This is may be because of the major reason that they might not be satisfied with their job role or with the working environment of the company or due to any conflicting situation present within the company. In this situation both the leader and manager reacts to situation in opposite or different ways(Anvari - Moghaddam, Monsef and Rahimi - Kian, 2014). Say for example in this situation, the leader of Morrison, because of his job role and characteristic will first try to analyse the situation of employee leaving Morrison. Nextit will personally meet the employee who is leaving the job in order to interact with him to know the actual reason of leaving the job whether personal reason, dissatisfaction with job or with working environment and culture of company.After understanding the problem of employees leader tries to find solutions to those problems and motivated the employee not to leave the job. On other hand, manager of Morrison is not even concerned about that an employee of company is leaving the organization. He is not bothered to ask that what are the reason for his detention from company and going for other options. He just performs his duty of informing the human resource department that an employee is leaving so it needs to recruit another employee and make arrangement for his resignation. Technology up gradation-since the business exist in an environment which is dynamic and ever-changing so there are many frequent changes in all the components of environment whetherbeitpolitical orsocialortechnological.Themajor changestake placeinthe technological factors. This is because of the reason that competition is increasing rapidly and to face it, Morrison needs to adapt to these technologies to sustain the competition. In the situation of implementation of the latest technologies, the leader of Morrison first try to analyse that whether there is a need of updating the technology or not. If there is a need then first it will make all the employees understand the benefits and advantages of installing that technology in the company. This is done leader of Morrison because ultimately employees are the ones who will operate the technology. If they will resist adapting to those techniques then it will be waste of time and money.
On the other hand, manager is totally opposite that of the leader(Reim, Parida and Sjödin, 2016). This is because of the reason that manager is not concernedthe whether the employees of Morrison will be able to handle the new technology properly and efficiently or not. The manager of Morrison will just install the new technologies in the company without getting the consent of employees. P 3 Application of different theories and models of leadership Leadership is defined as an activity or a process through which a leader is able to influence, direct and guide the followers and other employees of company in the direction of attainment of goals and objectives of business(Suarez - Barraza, Miguel - Davila and Vasquez - García, 2016). For managing the business successfully the leader needs to have certain traits and characteristicslike honesty, self- confidence, good communication and many moreother characteristics. For efficient management of work at Morrison the leader of company can use the following theories and models of leadership. Situational leadership-Itis a style of leadership adopted by leaders at Morrison. This leadership style suggests that there is no appropriate or fixed style of leadership which a leader follows. The adoption of leadership style totally depends upon the current and prevailing situations. This is majorly because of the reason that the business world is very dynamic and ever- changing so the situation does not remain same all the time. The leader have to adopt the style of leadership that best suits the current given situation. Advantages This is the most advantageous style of leadership because of the reason that this is very flexibletypeofleadershipasitdependsontheenvironmentwhichkeepsonchanging continuously so it has flexibility of changing the leadership style according to situation. Disadvantages Since this leadership style depends upon the current situation so it is some times difficult for leaders to understand the changing situation that whether they have to continue with the same leadership style or have to change. At some time the leader may not in the state of identifying that which leadership style must be used in which types of situation prevailing in the company. System leadership-This is a style of leadership wherein the leader of Morrison tries to develop a system andworking environment in which all employee work together with the common motive of achieving the objectives and goal of company(Han, Liu and Zhang, 2016).
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Advantages Since the business exist in dynamic environment so they needs to adapt to environmental changes so this style helps in proper leadership. Disadvantages This leadership style might develop a feeling within the employees that the leader is more controlling on them and employees cannot work according their wish or according to their mindset or way of working. They just have to follow the instructions of leader so it might develop dissatisfaction among them(Pavlineri, Skoulikidis and Tsihrintzis, 2017). Contingency leadership-this is leadership style wherein the leader of the company believes that this leadership style says that there is no pre defined leadership style. The use of leadership style totally depend upon the ability and traits of the leader only. Advantages Since the environment is dynamic so this style helps as this style is based on the principle that leadership style depends upon the situation. Disadvantages The same advantage is also a disadvantage because in some case the leader can also get confused that in which situation it has to apply which type of leadership. P 4 Key approaches to operation management and role of leader Operation management is that part of company without which the company cannot work. It is a department which looks after the process of production wherein all the inputs are processed through some machines and techniques and some final result is made. There some approaches which can be used in order to do work systematically and properly. The approaches used by Morrison are as follows- Total Quality Management (TQM) –Thisis a technique or approach for management and operation which is used by Morrison. This approach needs that the company must focus and aim at continuous improvement in the operations of business and the quality of the operations. The main focus is on quality because if the quality of goods and services will not be good then the consumers will not prefer the products and services of Morrison. So it is very essential for company to maintain the quality. The manager and leader both use this technique because it improves the quality of wok and this is much preferred by consumers.
Just in time (JIT)-Thisis yet another approach to operation management which helps in inventory management. This is a technique used by Morrison to produce its products and services on time and in efficient way. This approach help company in catering to the needs and requirements of consumer on time so that they do not switch over to competitors product. The main aim of just in time approach is to detect the problems and obstacles in the way of production and to minimize them by providing solutions to those problems so that production is done on time(Jabbari – Sabet, Moghaddas - Tafreshi and Mirhoseini, 2016). both the manager and leader applies this technique because this approach helps in proper and efficient management of inventory. Lean manufacturing-Itis also a type of approach to operation management which is used by Morrison. This is because of the reason that it helps in reducing the waste in the production process. This is a technique which aims at reduction of waste in the production process.If a company produces any product then it will lead to waste and effluents which will either hamper the environment or the goodwill of the company(Ahmadi, Haddad and Mariño, 2014). So for this Morrison uses the technique of lean manufacturing. This is because of the reason that lean manufacturing works with intention of reducing waste and if there is waste then it recycles it and uses it again. Also this technique is preferred by leader and manager as this reduces the waste of the limited raw material. Queuing theory-Thistheory is propounded by A.K Erlang and is also known as waiting line theory. This theory comes into application when the situation arises where the consumers come at the supermarkets of Morrison and have to wait for some time at that place and after having those products or services they go. This theory help Morrison to know the reason for delay in the products and services to the consumers. This waiting time indicates the reason behind delay of goods and services. After knowing the reason the company takes corrective actions to solve these problems. This approach is used by leader and manager of Morrison as it helps company in knowing the reasons behind the delay in the manufacturing of sgoods P 5 Importance and value of operation management in achieving business objective Operation management can be defined as an activity or process which is used in order to create the goods and services for the company. It can also be defined as decision- making relating to the process of production and all the related activities which are undertaken to produce the goods and services. Operation management is very crucial for the success of the
company because of the reason that if products and services will not be of good quality and attributes than it will not be preferred by consumers.Importance of operation management for Morrison is discussed in the adjoining points- Achieving business goals and objectives-The major importance of management and operation within Morrison is that it helps the company in achieving and accomplishing the goals and objectives of business. The basic goal or objective of business is to earn profit and grow. So to attain thisobjectiveit is very necessary for Morrison to have an efficient operation department. This is because of the reason that if the products and services produced are not of excellent quality then it is not possible for company to earn profit and develop the company. Increase in customer base-with help of TQM the products are produced with superior quality so it indirectly helps Morrison in increasing its customer base. This is because of the reason that the consumers know the company just because of the quality of goods and services (Thaler, Priest and Fuchs, 2016). If the quality will not be good then the consumers will go to some substitute goods or to competitors. So the number of consumers of company is dependent on the goods produced by operation and management department. If they produce nice goods then it will increase the customer base which will eventually increase the revenue and sales of business(Kavousi ‐ Fard, Niknam and Baziar, 2015). Waste management-as the Morrison uses the latest techniques and approaches of lean manufacturing which aims at reducing the waste in the production process so it helps the companies in doing work efficiently and effectively. This technique is systematic and scientific method of carrying on the production process with the least damage and waste. Expansion-if the products and services of Morrison are liked much by consumers then it can also go for expansion with a new product or service. The new launched product will be a great success because all the other product of company with which it deals are all successful so the new goods and services will have a guaranteed success. This is because it uses the technique of just in time with help of which the company do production on time Overcoming competition-operation and management of Morrison also helps in making product and services effective and efficient so that it can face the tough and cut- throat competition currently going on in the market. This is due to efficient operation department that the company have superior quality of goods and services which can stand in tough competition.
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P 6 Factors within business environment and impact upon operational management and decision- making There are many factors within the environment which affects the business and majorly the operational management department of Morrison. The business environment refers to the sum total of all the internal and external forces of business which affects the business and its working. There are many factors within the environment which impacts the working of Morrisons are as follows- Political-under this factor the company is affected majorly due to the changes in the nation's political state. That is any change in the political environment of business affects the working of Morrison. So company has to thoroughly study the political factors of the whole country. Economical-within this the company is affected by changes in labour cost.This factor also affect the operational management majorly. This is because of the reason that the operation department is totally operated and managed by labours so if the rates of labour will increase than it will be a disadvantage for Morrison and in same way if the labour cost is decreased then it will be beneficial for Morrison that it will get more labour at the same cost as before. Social-the company has to strictly follow the social pattern of the market in which company deals. This is majorly because of the reason that every market is different and the preferences of all the consumers are different. So for successful business company has to study the social behaviour of residents of that country. Technological-Theseare the major factor which affects the operational management of Morrison. This is because of the reason that there are a good deals of technological advancement taking place in the country due to tough and cut- throat competitive world. So, if the company does not adapt to the latest technologies then it will be behind in the race of competition (Moazeni, Powell and Hajimiragha, 2014). Also, it may be the case that if the company does not adapt to the latest techniques and tools then it is possible that technology of Morrison may become obsolete which is not good for company(Sharma, Bhattacharjee and Bhattacharya, 2016). Legal- all the different countries have different legal systems and the company operates in many different countries. So the company have to understand all the requirements of the country's legal structure before starting any business in new country.
Environmental- under these factors comes the factors like stakeholder, corporate social responsibility and many such factors which impacts thecompany's working. Morrison provides high quality products so it is beneficial for company to operate in UK as the people of UK prefer Impact on decision-making All these factors affects the process of decision-making by the leader because changes in these factors affects the working of the company very much. Like for example the leader decides to adopt a new technology and suddenly the government puts a ban on that technology then the leader has to change its decision of adopting that technology(Jung, Festijo and Peradilla, 2014). CONCLUSION With the in depth study of the report it can be concluded that management and operation is very important and crucial for the business. So it is very important to have an efficient and effective operation and management department within the company. The report started by discussing about the role and difference of leader and a manager. Furthermore, it discussed about the role of leader and the role of manager in the company pertaining to different situations. Next it outlined the different models and theories of leadership and how it is applied by leaders in business. Also, it demonstrated some key approaches to operation management and role of leader in it. Furthermore, it highlighted the importance of management and operations in accomplishing the business objective. At last the report described the different factors present in the business environment which affects the working of management and operation and the decision-making.
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