Management and Operations Report

This report explores the concepts of management and operations, analyzing the differences between managers and leaders, the functions of managers according to Fayol, and various leadership styles. It then examines the importance of operations management in a retail setting, focusing on the role of a store manager in the Fenwick group. The report analyzes different approaches to operations management and identifies those used in Fenwick, assessing major outside factors that impact operations and their influence on the decision-making process of the store manager.

Management and Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Explaining the definition and variation of manager and leader............................................1
1.2 Several functions of managers according to Fayol and use of these functions in the
operations management...............................................................................................................2
1.3 Different style of leaderships such as situational, contingency and systems leadership in
the Fenwick company.................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Explain the importance of operations management in the Fenwick store............................5
2.2 The major role of store manager in the Fenwick group........................................................6
2.3 Different approaches to operations management and identifying what is used in your store.
.....................................................................................................................................................8
2.4 Assessment of major outside factors that can have an effect on the operation management
in Fenwick company...................................................................................................................9
2.5 Impacts of these outside factors on the decision making process of the store manager in
the Fenwick organization..........................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
The operation's management is all about planning, supervising and organising the
production process and other necessary task in the organisation. It is also known as the
production management and it is a special branch of the company (Ahuja, 2017). In the
operation's management there is an operational manager who control and manage all activities of
this department and carry on all his or her tasks towards the target achievement. It also includes
all responsibilities and duties of the manager.
TASK 1
1.1 Explaining the definition and variation of manager and leader.
Managers – In the enterprise, manager is a person who conduct and manage all tasks and
maintain the business environment. They are makes plan, organise his or her team member and
assign them various work according to their abilities and efficiencies (Asam and et.al., 2015).
The managers make new strategies and accomplish organisational goals with use of several
available sources such as natural, environmental, financial, human resources and many more.
Managers are members of board of directors and they act as a bridge between the employers and
top level officers. Different functions and duties of managers :
 Managers are works as different perspectives and wear many hats.
 Managers are the team head and also an organiser, planner, a coach, conflicts solver.
 He or she is the decision maker, controller, cheer leader means he or she is all rounder.
 The manager conduct his or her role that is important for the organisation and role is
divided into three categories such as informational, interpersonal and decisional.
Leaders – They are the person, who influence and inspire his or her group member towards to
achieve the organisational goals. The leaders are work in the group and they lead this group in
right direction. They hold as a dominant or superior position in its criteria or field and they are
capable to influence over on others and competent to exercise high level of control (Baxley and
et.al., 2016). Leaders makes many policies and regulations than they give order to their
subordinates for accomplishing the company's targets and goals in which they work.
Different functions and duties of leaders
 The leaders have exists only with followers.
 They have willingness of people to follow the leader.
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 The duty of leaders are setting many goals.
 They take initiative in all matters of interest to their team.
 They work towards to motivate and improve the morale of their team members.
Differences between leaders and managers :
Leaders Managers
They create the organisational vision. They create goals.
They build perfect relationships between their
team members.
They responsible for build the process and
system.
The leaders take risk. The managers control risk.
They have a personality of change agents. All managers maintain the status quo.
Leaders increase their personal skills. They rely on proven and existing skills.
They are unique. They are copied.
Leaders create maximum fans. They make employees and staff members.
They work as the coach. Managers work as give direction to their
subordinates.
1.2 Several functions of managers according to Fayol and use of these functions in the operations
management.
The management are describes as a special social process that involves the duties and
responsibilities for effective and economical planning about the regulation of business operations
of the company. It includes different elements and functions as well as it is a dynamic process
(Chiarini and Vagnoni, 2015). In this context, Henri Fayol a French mining engineer and director
gave basic functions related to the manager and made principles of management theory. He is
also known as founding father of management. He refers various roles of manager in the
organisation and his principles are depends on his experience as the best director of that
particular mining company. Fayol developed many theories and strategies that are still relevant
in present days. He describes major five function of the good manager, these are as follows :
 Planning – planning means to create a per-forma or strategy in order to accomplish the
organisational goals. According to Fayol, it refers to look ahead in the future and make a
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successful plan so that the manager achieve target. There are needs of an active
participation of the entire firm in that particular work. Planning must be connected to the
time and implementation and it also linked with different level of the organisational
structure.
 Organizing – It refers as a function that arrange all employers and staff members in well
organise and conducts work to them. It is a system in which whole part of work done by
everyone (Cucoranu, 2015). It established the formal relationship among various
employees and staff members. It is a basic key function of manager in the organisation.
Good organising avoids many misunderstandings, confusions, disloyalty and many more
conflicts that can be generates in that particular organisation.
 Commanding – It means order or direction given by the manager to their employees and
staff member to reach at certain target. In the organisation, all employees and team
members done work accordingly to the direction of their head and the successful manager
have integrity with communicate properly, take decisions with respect to the aims and
goals. Managers are able to encourage and motivate their team members to take several
initiatives.
 Coordinating – In the organisation, all tasks are harmonized the manager and all
business activities run perfectly (Fisichelli and et.al., 2016). It is the essence of whole
management for the achievement of business goals. In other words, it is a systematic
process of execute and develop the orderly pattern of whole team members efforts and
secure the unity. In addition to this the manager coordinate externally and internally and
cover up all functions.
 Controlling – the controlling and evaluation both are the elements of similar nodes. It is
a process that make sure all tasks must producing the expected results. Every manager
should perform this task in order to achieve organisational objectives and monitor the
outcomes of various activities, taking corrective actions, reviewing feedbacks in the
particular company.
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1.3 Different style of leaderships such as situational, contingency and systems leadership in the
Fenwick company.
The leadership is a systematic process whereby the leader influences a team of persons
combine in a special form to achieve a common target. A person is made as a leader, if he or she
can influence the group in which the group members work together to reach at a result of
common problem (Ahuja, 2017). Leadership creates wrestle with the motivations of leaders. A
leader makes selfish in his or her nature if he or she wants to accomplish the desired objective.
The leader inspire and motivate to their team member and lead them to the right
direction. In this context, there are some leadership approaches that are use in the achievement of
organisational common goals. These are describes as follows :
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Illustration 1: Leadership approaches
(Source - Effective Leadership Styles & Approaches, 2015)

 Situational Leadership Approach – It is a special model of repeatable, timeless
framework for leaders to match their behaviours. It is depends on the relationships in
between followers and the leaders to serve as a framework to finalizing every condition
which is based on the performance appraisal (Asam and et.al., 2015). It is the style that
studied and developed by the Kenneth Blanchard and Paul Hershey for leaders. It is an
adaptive process of the style of leaders and it encourages them to take a lot of stock of
weigh and variables of their team members.
 Contingency Leadership Approach – It is a specific style of the leadership that deals
with the perfect match of a situation and that leader. It is concerned with styles and
situations with effectively and efficiently (Baxley and et.al., 2016). The leaders are
primarily concerned with attaining the aims and goal whereas leadership are concerned
with the developing better interpersonal relations among his or her team members. It was
developed and studied by the Fiedler in mid 1960s and the Fenwick Company's leaders
use it to work better in any contingencies.
 System Leadership Approach – It refers to set the direction of various characteristic in
the organisation and it is a strong point of a transformational leader who get high rate as
an innovative and proactive leader. It enables to the leaders in the company in which he
or she work and crate the different situations where people complete their work
productively. It has been developed by the Dr. Ian Macdonald and he described it as the
problem solving leadership theory.
TASK 2
2.1 Explain the importance of operations management in the Fenwick store.
Operation management is a process that involves planing, organising, managing,
controlling and supervising the production and manufacturing and even in retail departmental
store operations. Operations are a primary activity for a supermarket retail business (Chiarini and
Vagnoni, 2015). As such, a business that wants to be successful needs to have a leading
operating model. Staff plays very important role in this model. It is necessary to put a sustained
focus upon how to develop the best operational staff to ensure the department store is fit to
embrace the significant future developments that are expected and to excel in customer service.
Operations must be viewed with the appropriate level of importance, so it is important to support
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an ambition to create a world class operating environment, which consists of people, process,
technology and organisation.
Importance of operation management in Fenwick Department Stores:
Operation management is obligatory in Fenwick to manage the daily activities seamlessly. With
its help, Fenwick is able to make good use of its resources.
 Operation management is important to improve the overall productivity of the Fenwick
department stores. The ratio of input to output is termed as productivity. It gives measure
of the efficiency of the manager as well as the employees (Cucoranu, 2015). Since the
discipline focuses on using the available resources in the best possible way to achieve end
goals, so to improve the overall productivity of the stores.
 The objectives of Fenwick are to make sure that the quality is managed at all times and
yet making sure that the operations are done effectively to save the resources so that the
company can benefits out of it.
 Operation management in Fenwick contributes in making the products to align with
customer's requirements. Operation management is the heart of n organisation as it
controls the entire operation (Fisichelli and et.al., 2016). If the products are been catered
to the needs of the customers then, they'll be sold at a rapid rate.
 Through efficient managing of the operations the management of sales can be done
properly.
 It enables the organisation to survive in changing environment. Operation management in
Fenwick helps to adapt organisation to changing demand of market / changing needs of
societies. It is responsible for the growth and survival of the company.
 Operation management handles issue like design, operation, and maintenance and
improvement of systems used to produce company's vital products and services.
 Important aspect of Operation management is Quality management. Company is very
much concerned about the products which are been offered to the customers in the
market.
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2.2 The major role of store manager in the Fenwick group.
In any organisation, the store department is a special place or location that concludes
merchandise in required quantities to the clients for their end use is known as the retail store
department (Fu, 2015). There is a store manager in every store department in the organisation he
or she takes care of daily routine operations in the store and make sure about the maximum
revenue in the Fenwick company. The store manager is responsible for managing all equipments
and assets in the store or that area. There are certain duties and role of the store manager in this
organisation that describes as follows :
 Managing merchandise – It is basic function of the store manager in respect to
accomplishment of various goals. The manager should procures right kind of
merchandising for store and make protect the merchandise (Rouvari and et.al., 2016). It is
a vital part of management to manage it properly. Items that are usually purchase on
impulse that should be placed on the display close area.
 Handling all activities related to the retail – The manager should handle day to day
operations and maintain the organisation environment. He or she also maintains the
customer services as much as better and in every company standard is more important.
 Optimize the cost – It is an essential element of increasing firm's profits. It should
complete by the store managers in order to expand the sales and growth of company
(Saucedo-Martínez and et.al., 2017). There are special requirements of reducing the cost
because it helps in to maximise the profit of organisation.
 Make customer feel special – In this point, the manager should make sure about the
customers that they feel special for the company. In the store department, manager should
sustain the policies in fever of the customers.
 Adequate floor space – In the store department, it is an important function of the manager
that he or she ensures about the floor space of store so that the customers move easily
without knocking something of the shelf. In the Fenwick group, organise the store in such
a way that the customers will not have to choose they want.
 Handle the order of inventory – It is an additional important aspect of a retail store
department (Schnepp, Vidal and Hawley, 2017). The inventory level should be monitored
and keep in big quantity so that their customers are free to cheese more quantities in bulk
order.
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 Hiring right person and provides better training facility – It is the duty of the store
manager that he or she recruits and hire new employees with more capabilities. It also
makes sure about their training and development program in order to attained the
objectives and goals of that company.
2.3 Different approaches to operations management and identifying what is used in your store.
Modern operation's management revolves around four theories : Business process
redesign (BPR), Reconfigurable manufacturing systems, Six sigma and Lean manufacturing. The
above mentioned approaches are been discussed below :
 Business Process Redesign : A BPR is a complete overhaul of a company's key business
process with objective of achieving a quantum jump in performance measures such as
return on investment, cost reduction and quality of services (Siryani Mazzuchi, and
Sarkani, 2015). Business process that can be redesigned encompasses the complete range
of critical processes, from manufacturing and production, to sales and customer service.
 Reconfigurable manufacturing systems : Reconfigurable manufacturing systems are
production systems designed to incorporate accelerated change in structure, hardware and
software components (Song and Parola, 2015). This allows systems to adjust rapidly to
the capacity to which they can continue production and how efficiently they function in
response to market or intrinsic system changes.
 Six sigma : Six Sigma is an approach that focuses on quality. It was primarily developed
from 1985 to 1987 at Motorola. The word “six” references the control limits, which are
placed at six standard deviations from the normal distribution mean. Every Six sigma
project within a company has a defined step sequence and financial targets, such as
increasing profits or reducing costs. Tools used within the six sigma process include
trending charts, potential defect calculations and other ratios. Fenwick department stores
uses Six Sigma approach for Operations management (Ahuja, 2017). Six sigma is a
quality-control program which emphasizes cycle-time improvement and the reduction of
manufacturing defects. Six sigma focuses on meeting customer's requirements, improving
customer retention, and improving and sustaining business products and services. Six
sigma is a disciplined, statistical-based, data driven approach and continuous
improvement methodology for eliminating defects in a product, process or service.
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Hundreds of companies around the world have adopted Six sigma as a way of doing
business. Implementing Six Sigma reduces the risk of the company having dissatisfied
customers. Employing a six sigma methodology at business helps employees manage
their time effectively, resulting in a more efficient business and more productive
employees. By using Six Sigma a business can set up a team of experienced employees
from all levels within the organisation and from every functional department.
 Lean manufacturing : Lean manufacturing is a systematic method of eliminating waste
within the manufacturing process. The lean theory accounts for waste that is created
through overburdening or uneven workloads (Asam and et.al., 2015). This theory sees
resource use for any reason other than value creation for customers as wasteful and seeks
to eliminate wasteful resource expenditures as much as possible.
2.4 Assessment of major outside factors that can have an effect on the operation management in
Fenwick company.
In every organisation, there are so many factors that can effects on the operation
management and influence it. There are several factors that affect the day to day business
activities and there should require a discussion to know about all its impacts (Baxley and et.al.,
2016). The control and capacity planning is the special issue that is faced by almost each process
in a given company. There is a well developed and studied technique adopts for consider major
impacts and identifying these factors. In this context, there are so many outsider factors or
elements that describes as follows :
Rules and Regulations of Government – The organisation operates its business activities in
different countries and there are different rules and policies made by their governments. These
rules and policies can be influence the organisational business activities (Chiarini and Vagnoni,
2015). The operation's management of the company constantly under pressure to stay with in the
law and act. Such activity of governments must effect on the operational works and the manager
should compile it in the right way.
Different Economic Conditions – In the economic environment, there are several things that are
inflation, different interest rates and many more that can effect the activities of operations
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management at the huge level. It is an important considerable element that include so many
changes.
Various Workforce Demographics – In current days, the old generation retires and new
generation comes in every team and work force that can a huge impact on the organisational
operation's management. Due to enhancement of company's and its global presence there is a
requirement of new employees and staff members.
New Advancements of Technology – Due to increase in the technology, it can effect on the
management of operations. This is considered an external influence because when new
technologies are introduced the department of operation can look for several ways to reduce cost
and at how to downsize (Cucoranu, 2015). It is a special factor that revolution the method to do
business in the right way.
There are also some outside factors for example suppliers, customers and different
market situation etc. These are also a huge impact on the business activities and the store
manager should notice on these external factors.
2.5 Impacts of these outside factors on the decision making process of the store manager in the
Fenwick organisation.
In the big organisation like Fenwick, there are so many departments and employers that
are work in the company. The external factors that are above discussed give there impacts on the
business activities of department of operation. Many elements like recession, inflation, exchange
rates and many more effect on the production department and also products as well as services of
this organisation (Fisichelli and et.al., 2016). In context to this, if interest rate is high in the
economy then the company will go for borrow capital at the increase rate and if this condition is
opposite there are vice a versa change. The social culture factor influence the price of finish
goods that are purchase by the customers. It may change gradually and these changes will be
imperceptible if there are no consideration on it. Major impacts of such factors discussed as
below :
 Organisation's image – All the external factors have a huge impact on the brand image
and also goodwill of the company. There are so many factors that can influence the
consumers and the revenue or turnover can reduce (Fu, 2015). So for this reason the store
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manager should acknowledge it. The manager should work in order to achieve the desired
goals and objectives of the company and also maintain the goodwill.
 Organisational resources – There are many resources, equipments and assets in the
company. In this context, all external factors must have a huge impact on such factors
and for this reason the manager should identify all such factors and maintain resources in
order to achieve competitive advantages.
CONCLUSION
The operation management is an essential that require in every department of the
organisation. In this report, the essential functions and responsibilities of the managers and
leaders. The manager and leaders have some essential qualities and talents that should require for
conducting all business activities. The report presents the various approaches of leadership and
role of the store manager in this company. Further, it covered the external factors that can effect
on the operation's management and its significance impact on the decision making of store
manager.
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REFERENCES
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SD (No. NPS/NRSS/NRR—2016/1289). National Park Service.
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Song, D.W. and Parola, F., 2015. Strategising port logistics management and operations for
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Online
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<https://tjziregbe.wordpress.com/2015/06/27/effective-leadership-styles-approaches/>
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Ahuja, 2017Asam and et.al., 2015Baxley and et.al., 2016Chiarini and Vagnoni, 2015Cucoranu,
2015Fisichelli and et.al., 2016Fu, 2015Rouvari and et.al., 2016Saucedo-Martínez and et.al.,
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2015
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