Role and Characteristics of Leader and Manager in Management and Organization

This research report explores the role and characteristics of leaders and managers in the context of management and organization. It discusses the importance of leadership in motivating employees, the role of managers in communication and experience, and various theories and models of leadership. The report also examines different approaches to operation management and highlights the importance of operation management in reducing costs and increasing revenue and profitability.

Management
and organization

Table of Contents
INRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................
LO 1
P1 ROLE OF LEDER AND CHARECHTERSTICS OF MANGER
LO2
P2 Role of leader and function of manger in different situation
P3 various theories and model of leadership
LO3
P4 approaches of operation management
P 5 Importance of operation management
LO4
P 6 PESTEL analysis leader and management decision making and impact
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES

INTRODUCTION-
Management and operation are play important role in leadership and management taking
decision related to organization. In this file doing research on Mark and Spencer company. This
company is related to retail sector. In this company manager and leader use operations
management for achieving objective and goal. That research report defines the basic role and
characteristics of the manger and leader. They are work in different situation implement the role
and function. In this including approaches of operation management level and play role of
manger and leader on the operations function (Gang, W. and Center2015). In this report define
relationship between, manager and leader with environment.
LO1
P1 role and characteristic of leader and manger -
A leader plays these roles in Mark and Spanker Company -
 Motivating employee- A leader motivation have been impact on the productivity and
improve quality of work. He is giving motivation in the team. In M$S company leader
find the team need and try to full fill it. They guide plan and give the direction and how to
implementing on the plan. The give motivation through communication, examples and
rewards polices use. M$S company leader use open communication with the team
member because they know individually then solve the personal problem of individually.
 A leader is friend and guider, philosopher – Always a leader is playing 3 main roles in
team. They can share felling, desire and opinion with employee as a friend. They can also
guide through supervisor and communicating with employee, explain plan and polices of
the plan and organization. A leader is also philosopher of our team he can use the
intelligentsia and experience of team member. He gives the guidance of team member
when they need of it.
 Need of all level- Leadership is always important in the organisation all level. M$S
company leader play role in top level management to understand co-operation and
formulation of their plan and polices in middle level they give guidance and
implementation on plan(Huq, Haque, M.M., Mazhabuddin. and et.al. 2014.).

 Organisation representative- A leader is the representative of team and organization in
front of competitor and others. M$S company leaders represent our team in seminar and
conferences and general meeting. They also represent our department and team which he
leads.
These are characteristics stick having a manger in MARKS AND SPENSER Company
 Leadership- A manger is having also leadership quality because he leads to team leader.
They also having these qualities in their leadership skill emotional, self assurance and
enthusiasm.
 Good communication- A manger also having good communication skill. This skill
makes a manger effective and attractive and also develops this ability to part of effort.
They also having good communication but them having listing qualities. This skill having
a manger then they can easily guide they employee and give the motivation on them.
They can easily solve the problem and explain all things related to personally and
individually.
 Experience- A manger having some experiencing then they can lead to organisation and
work in professional environment. A manger is not having any experience then they will
not motivate to other and team member and don't understand to work.
 Confidence- A manger also having confidence on self experience knowledge and
decision then they do work and take postpositive answer. A manger having it then they
take responsibility of team and make plan for the organization.
LO 2
P2 Role of leader and function of manger in different situation
UPGRADE IN TECHNOLOGY - M$S company is doing some changes in the technology then a
leader is leading the team for achieving organisation g goal related to upgrade in technology.
They set to goal and clear vision for the organization and motivate to employee and guide the
team member, and also builds moral for the organisation. They providing training of the
employer and employee update they knowledge. He explains why they technology change and
what the M$S want from it. They give guidance employee take part in the training programme. It

gives the lots of advantage in this organisation and future. Manger is also made plain for the
employee. In this he can explain how to achieve a particular goal. A manger is also assigning
work and target to the different team. A manger is also played 2 roles like developers of
technology and implementation on it. They also recruit new employ those having knowledge
about the new technology and improve in productivity. They organise seminar and conferences
to improve knowledge of the technology.
OPEN NEW SHOWROOM OF M$S COMPANY – This company want to expand their
business then they increase of responsibility and role of manger and leader. In this condition
leader define responsibility of team member and they build team for achieving project goal and
easily complete take. They make team of some new and all employees then give the tank of
team and lead. They can divide team and provide them motivation to achieve their task. A leader
makes new polices and rule with help of the manger. Manger give the target of team leader to
achieve of M $ S goal. Manager wants result then leader having responsibility to achieve than
leader makes the plan for achieving target and implementation on it. In this condition leader give
direction motivation of employee and try to solve problem that comes in this project complete.
Manger also increasing in advertising strategy, sales strategy etc. manger also makes vision,
mission, objective, goal and tactics of before expanding business. Leader is represented of work
and motivate to employ through the reward polices and give some challenges. Manger also
research employees impact on work pressurises. They provide training to work and give the best
trainer and guider (Sajid,, Shah, Kamran, Javaid and et.al.2016). They hiring new employee
those having knowledge and the experience in these sectors. Manger takes extra meeting of
leader and gives direction of plain and control on these activities. Team leader is also coming
solve the conflict of employee and work. M$S company Leader and Manger also make the
operation and plain in under their employee right, union and legal.
P3 various theories and model of leadership-
Situational leadership- M$S company wants those type of leadership who develop self in this
every condition. Leader having lots of characteristics like confidence, motivation, truthfulness
etc. they can handle every situation coming in the company. They manger their success in term
of employee productivity improving and improving in achievement. M$S company Leader are

change her style according to situation. They play her role to changes in large system and make
clear polices and rules. These leaders are doing work for they change over leader ship style come
in finical, demographics and changes. This is help to develop clear aim, like name working etc.
in this condition M$S company leader lead and guide to employee in the type of situation like
employ having personal problem, then they give solution related to emotion and they having
problem then give guidance of related to the motivation and explain everything. This type of
leader ship is very helpful; the organization they change over condition of according to the
condition. He develops herself to every condition like stick, motivated, friend guider etc. This
type of leadership is maintained friendly and positively environment in this company. That type
of leader is give positive result in that company (Bassoulet 2015)
System leadership- M$s company work for the society and in society changes are rapidly related
to the trend, expectation and social media, globalisation etc. some time result come positive and
negative. In that condition leader is having experience of environment and pressure or
opportunist. Then they give guide and motivate to staff. M$S company wants in this condition
different type of leader like system leader because any condition company will face social;
changes then they can help to lead and guide to employee. In this condition 2 type of leadership
qualities first is open minded then other is closed -minded minded leader is change to condition
and change over rule to the according. Closed minded leader is not work on condition. They
follow only for old rules. This type of leadership is not good for the M$S company because these
type of leader mindset is switched according to organizations and individual thinking.
Contingency leadership style- in this style leader can deal with leader and situation. This theory
work on best leadership style matches to the leader and condition. This style work in many
conditions like give guides of subordinate, complete the task and develop groups. M$S company
is can use this leadership style for assigning 3 factors
 Maintain relationship in leader and group and increasing confidence, loyalty attraction
etc.
 Clear the task requirement, uses of alternative, limited choices
 Leader having authority to reward and punish followers and team member.
This style is effective in certain situation because the people are work in 2 situations in condition
that are favourable and unfavourable. Favourable leader is focus on task not gives attention of

maintenance but unfavourable leader give the focus on task and help to other team member. This
approaches solve this problem leader is maintained relationship and focus on not to focus on
task. M$S company use this theory because this is focus on the relationship between the
leadership style and demand of situation. This type of leaders firstly examination on actuation
then use of different type of leadership.
LO 3
P4 approaches of operation management-
Operation management is the including planning organizing of production and manufacturing. In
this doing study supply chain management and operation management. This is having 3
approaches
Six sigma – It is the process and structure of improving organization and business. In this
including define of product measuring of quality, analysed market value, improving in product
quality and control of business. M$S company is use to measuring performance and process of
business. This company also want to include it. In this manger make plan for sailing and
purchasing non defective product and beat quality product. Manger purchasing and sailing
quality improve and focus on the customer satisfaction. Leader also give guidance of improving
qualities and communication (Phuc, Toan, Huong, and et.al.2016.). Leader and manger also
have responsible for it. So they make new rule and polices to include in this. M$S company also
provided the training of related to Six Sigma. A manger also including the cost saving six sigma
is in management review and goal. They give of project to leader and employ in that including
six sigma. It is totally not depend on the customer satisfactions and cost saving improving
quality of product it is also based on organization size and cluttered and company age etc.
Total quality management- in this describe long term susses through customer satisfaction. M$S
manger and leader is make polices for focuses on customer focus and satisfaction. They develop
new strategy with including customer and employee involvement (Hirschfeldt, Bertomeu. And
et.al. 2017). Manger has responsibility to collate budget for TQM at the starting in every
financial year. They also having other duty to talk with employee related to TQM. That company
manager also arranging training and various other development programmes related to TQM.
They also develop new strategy. Leader is also developed challenging objective and targets in
front of team. Leader also managing various strategy clear and better understand what they are

doing and why. Leader also having opened minded they give some freedom of employee to take
decision and give some feedback related to organization.
Lean manufacturing -lean management is work for the customer value and focus but zero waste
of material. M$S company use of this operation in making tactic and reduce of cost program. In
this manger make the rule and responsibility make maximum to maximum of product with help
of minimum to minimum waste of material. In this they use new technology and recruit new staff
and employee those know about the new technology. They can use the minimum supply chain
and also use the minimum resource of purchasing. They make some strategy to develop
knowledge in employee. They also mange all activate for give the improvement and increase
productivity. They providing experience person to guidance and arranging seminar and
conference to benefits of lean manufacturing management. They develop new cap ablest in
worker to improve work. They develop vision and mission to lean manufacturing. They also
have responsibility to provide direction and oversight to other teams. Leader is explained use of
these approaches to employee. They give motivation to achieving target and goal of adopting
through these approaches.
P 5 Importance of operation management
Operation management is give lots of benefits in the various section of M$S company.
 Reduce the cost of product and services – this is provided new technology and ideas to
develop products and service. This through M$S Company is developed new product
with minimum wastage and defective pieces. This management through increase the
quality of product and reuses the waste of raw mitral. The use long supply chain
management. Reduce the cost of selling product and also reduces purchase of raw
martial. They use minimum resource and develop the fresh and non defective product. It
is provided help of achieving target and improving quality of product.
 Increase revenue and profitability- in this through M$S company use of minimum
resource then save material and make maximum product. So they effect on the profitably
they also use long supply chain to Sale product and purchase direct raw material so the
saving meditates cost and also generate the profits and increasing revenue. In through
M$S company eager make the budget then they cannot waste of extra product and
services. In this through they save manufacturing cost an increase the product and

services cost so it’s directly effect on the profit and generate revenue. This through
employ also increase knowledge and utilise the time.
 Increasing in customer satisfaction- M$S company use the operation management and
increase the quality and quantity of product. They give customer to non defective product
so customer is attracted and satisfy to uses of product. And they purchase of product
through the M$S company (Zhou, Liu and Gui, 2017,). Customer gets best project hen
thy loyal with brand. Customer is give cheaper price and received the best product then
automatically their satisfaction level increase.
 Decrease amount of expenses – manufacturing cost is reduced then machinery expenses
then automatically reduced the investment cost. They use best staff then they give
minimum salary of them it is also increased the profit. They minimum waste of material
and use of time then productivity will increase. Also, save they cost of information
technology because they use new update staff. Increasing in Employee manager and
leader self motivation.
Operation management in achieving bushiness objective of M$S company -This is doing help to
achieving target and goal to the business. It through increase in productivity and improving
defective product and quantity as well. Every company was improved of satisfaction level
through operation management they can achieve personal and customer satisfaction level.
LO 4
P 6 PESTEL analysis and impact of leader and management decision making -
 Political factor – In this including all government factors. Like Govt. policy, foreign trade
police, tax police labour law, environmental law all things in including this is having so
much impact on manager and leader decision because M$S company take decision
related and followed the government. In political sector having some changes then they
also do changes in decision related to company.
 Economics factor-this is impact or f every does business and also how profitable they are.
In this including the economic growth, interstate rest exchange rate this factor is also
having they impact on the M$S company leader and manger to take
decision(Kimani,2017 ) .They defect on taking decision related to consumer employment
booms followed by period of stagnation or decline. Come differences in interest rate and
also coming inflation on demand and supply.

 Social factor – in this also including culture factor, attitude trend p of population. In this
also including growth of population age distribution, health, age attributes etc. these
factor direct effect on the manger and leader because M$S company is work for the
society and minimum inflation in society can change ever police rule and regulation and
strategy can change. Society can change in demand and supply of the company
(Whitecotton, Libby, and Phillips, F., 2013. ).
 Technology factor – in technology day by day increase. So these are can effect on the
every strategy and objective of management like market production, distribution
communication all things use new way. Manger makes the plan and strategy related to
old technology then they did not d work proper. There rule and regulation also not use
new technology so M$S company use the update and new technology.
 Environmental factor- theses factor is suddenly come in the organization and effect on
the raw material and population, demand and supply. Some time having heavy rain fall
then they affected all business. They do fail in strategy and plan of the manger and spoil
target of the leader. It is effected of making policy of related to the demand and supply of
the consumer (Ehiagwina, Fakolujo,Afolabi, and et.al. 2016).
 Legal factor- in this including consumer right and la, product labelling and product safety
advertising police, health and employee safety. In this factor companies know about the
all right and legal issue. Manger and leader are making rules and regulation against the
legal write and Govt. change in it company don't follow Then they spoil company
goodwill in the market.
CONCLUSION
In this research report Including role of leader and characteristic off manger. Diffing in
the different situation manger and a leader implementing our role and the function. In this report
using different theories and approaches models like situational leadership style, system
leadership style and contingency style. This report also having the operation management
approaches Six sigma, total quality engagement and lean manufacturing and also defining ether
importance of operation management and role of the operation management in leadership. Also,
define political, economical, social, environmental, technological and legal aspect impact in the
organisations and leader and manger decision making strategy.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Gang, W. and Center, L.E.M., 2015. Chemical Cmpanies Fcus on Evironmental
Mnagement. Shandong Chemical Industry, 1, p.058.
Huq, K.A., Haque, M.M., Mazhabuddin, K. and et.al. 2014. Impacts of Different Agro-
Ecological and Management Practices on the Shrimp Productivity of Ghers in the Southwest
Coastal Region of Bangladesh. Progressive Agricultur. 18(2). pp.149-155.
Sajid, A., Shah, M.A., Kamran, M., Javaid, Q. and et.al.2016. An Analysis on Host Vulnerability
Evaluation of Modern Operating Systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS. 7(4). pp.245-254.
Hirschfeldt, C.M., Bertomeu, F.D. And et.al. 2017, March. Practical Management in Mature
Field Operations. In SPE Latin America and Caribbean Mature Fields Symposium. Society of
Petroleum Engineers.
Bassoulet, A., 2015. How can private equity firms create value through improvements in the
operating performance?(Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
Phuc, P.D., Toan, L.Q., Huong, and et.al.2016. Management of health risk from biogas effluent
at smallholder pig farms in Vietnam: A transdisciplinary and community participatory approach.
Whitecotton, S., Libby, R. and Phillips, F., 2013. Managerial accounting. McGraw-Hill Higher
Education.
Zhou, H., Liu, G. and Gui, H., 2017, September. A strategy to load balancing for non-
connectivity MapReduce job. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and
Engineering (Vol. 231, No. 1, p. 012038). IOP Publishing.
Ehiagwina, F.O., Fakolujo, A.O., Afolabi, and et.al. 2016. An Overview of Multi-Operator
Global Systems for Mobile Communications Base Stations in the Context of Nigerian
Telecommunication Sector. European Journal of Engineering Research and Science. 1(1).
pp.50-55.
Kimani, w., 2017. Factors affecting success of enterprise resource planning projects within the
telecommunication sector in kenya: a case study of telecommunication companies in kenya.