Management Operation Report

This report analyzes the roles of leaders and managers in business operations, focusing on Marks and Spencer. It examines leadership and management theories, explores methodologies for activity administration, and analyzes the impact of external factors on operational management. The report emphasizes the importance of effective leadership and management in achieving business goals and optimizing resource utilization.

MANAGEMENT
OPERATION

INTRODUCTION
The role played by manager and leaders in an organization plays a significant role in
order to achieve the effectiveness and improving the performance of business. The roles and
responsibilities of the manager of operation is a part of business that emphasise of the
manufacture the goods and services. In order to make sure that the resources of operation has are
utilizing effectually and effectively or not (Sekar and et.al., 2014). It is very essential for
operation management to meet the needs and requirements of customers. In this report Marks
and Spencer has chosen for assessment as well as roles and responsibilities played by the
operational manager of company. It is the big retail company in United Kingdom. This report
will also discuss the key approaches of operation management as well as significance and
essentials of these approaches of Marks and Spencer. Further the impact of external factors on
operational management.
TASK 1
P.1. Roles and Responsibilities of leader and managers and there characteristic.
Leader and managers have many rules and responsibilities in all the companies. The
leader and managers of Marks and Spencer has many duties towards the management, customers
and all other external or internal member.
Leaders are the most important person for a company. They have special skills and
abilities to solve issues and troubles coming in the company. Leaders are the key person in the
company, without them, no work will be organize in well manner.
These are the following roles of leaders as discussed below- Need at all levels- the function and role of leader is required at each and every level of
organization or management. Leader has skills to cooperate and leads to execute plans
and policies of company (Renz, 2016). The leader of Marks and Spencer makes effective
plans and policies in order to make effective team work as well as improve the
performance of workers. They are the representatives of the company- Leader are the representatives of an
organization. In all the campaigns, programmes, seminars and general meetings, leader is
the person who represent its team or organization. Give support to all- This is the role of leader and this role is important in the situation
where any member of company or team needs a financial support or any other personal
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support that leader have to support his/her team member. Leader is a person who gives
support to each and every members of organization. Leaders always find out the
optimistic results. Leaders acts as friends, escort and philosopher- This is the role of leader and this role is
important in the situation where team member is new joiner that leader have to act as
friend, escort and philosopher. Leader acts as friends, escort and philosopher for the
members of organization (Reichard And et.al., 2016). Leaders has skills to talk with the
members of team in very polite way as well as he also guides the members of team to
work in much proper or right way.
 Leader create atmosphere of organization to trust and honesty- This is the role of leader
and this role is important in the situation where there is a conflict arise than leader has to
create a healthy atmosphere by giving honest judgement. Leader is a person who
promotes open communication in the company which boost innovative and creative
thinking and collective work.
There are many roles and responsibilities perform by the manager of Marks and Spencer which
are as follows- Hiring and Staffing- This is the role of manager and this role is important in the situation
where manager have to fill the vacant job position of the company. This is the main role
of a manager to hire the employees for the company. The manager should always be
aware of requirement of people in the company. Delegation- This is the role of manager and this role is important in the situation where
leader have to delegate the duties according to the qualification and skills. It is the duty of
managers to delegate the duty and responsibilities to each and every member of the
company (Marchetti, P.A. and et.al., 2014). Manager before delegating the work to
employees, should ensure the skills and ability of employees. Leadership- A good manager is one who has power to complete or accomplish the tasks
from others. He has skills to lead people in direction towards achieving the goals of
organization. Reduces the risk- This is the role of manager and this role is important in the situation
where there is high risk in the any project or task. Manager of Marks and Spencer has
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power to solve the risk which is coming to destroy the organization. He has power to
control the internal and external risk too.
 Monitoring and controlling- This is the role of manager and this role is important in the
situation where manager have to monitor and control the activities of empployees or at
back office than this role is played by manager. It is the main role of a manager to control
and manage the work of organization. He should also evaluate the cost at regular basis in
order to manage the cost of operation.
Comparison of roles and responsibilities of Manager and Leader.
BASES MANAGER LEADER
Aim Managing the activities of
business and making decisions
regarding the affairs of
company.
Task Accomplishment.
Focus on Short term decision making. Long term decision making.
Power to make decision Manager has power to take all
critical decisions of company
like financial decision,
decisions regarding sales,
innovation and many others
(Kwon and Shin 2014).
The powers of leaders are
somewhat limited to some
extent. Majorly they have
power to take decision
regarding there team and
performance of employees.
Function and Operation Hiring and Staffing,
Delegation, Leadership,
Reduces the risk, controlling
and Monitoring
Need at all level, They are the
representatives of the
company, Give support to all-
Leaders acts as friends, escort
and philosopher, Leader create
atmosphere of organization to
trust and honesty
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P.2. Importance of leader and manager roles in business operation of Marks and Spencer.
For Marks and Spencer performance of leaders and managers it is always remained
essential as their skills and traits of them leads to success of failure for the organization. Even so,
significance of managers and leaders roles for Marks and Spencer can be understood as-
Impressive planning and decision making- By the effective coordination of managers and
leaders, is very helpful in making effective control and creates impressive planning. Beside this,
there various ideas are evolved for innovating, creating more ideas for business. By coordinating,
the productivity and profitability of company could be enhance effectually (King and Farrel
2015). In order to take position in the market, they could make strategies and plans together. For
example- managers of entity plans for the operation of business and decision making regarding
more operation's. Moreover, It is to take as challenge by leader to execute tasks for developing
performance of entity effectually.
Effectual environment of Marks and Spencer- Managers determine all the performance of
employee's of Marks and Spencer. Same as, leaders which builds team and always ask members
about the issues and troubles which are occurring at work place. They both work together \and
bring positivity in the environment of company. Therefore, leaders and manager both plays
effective role in decision making and development and growth of company.
Optimal utilization of resources and funds- In order to make control and managed cost of
production, managers and leader both have to work on optimum utilization of resources
(Jokisaari and Markku 2017). They both planned what type, what quality of resources are to be
used so that there is no wastage of resources. Hence, the leaders and managers of Marks and
Spencer operates and work according to the available resources and make them optimum use.
Assessing profits- It the main aim or purpose of the business to achieve the goals and objectives
of the company is to make profit and revenue. Leaders and manager of Marks and Spencer
playing vital role as they be always aware of earning sufficient profit so that cost of operation
can be covered.
From all the above importance it was analysed that leaders and manager of Marks and
Spencer are responsible for planning, staffing, directing, managing and controlling all the
activities and affairs of the organization (Jardine and Tsang, 2013). It is very much essential to
bring uniformity in their work which helps in achieving the target and goals of the organization.
The roles played by the leaders and manager of Marks and Spencer is motivating and
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encouraging towards their employees as well as achieving the goals and objectives of the Marks
and Spencer.
Telling and Directing- This is also one of most important function of a manager and
leader of Marks and Spencer. Directing and telling is a management function through which the
management instructs, guides, and inspires the employees according to the current situation by
communicating with them. It also oversees the performance of the employees for the
achievement of the predetermined goals. It is the function of leading the employees to perform
efficiently, and contribute to their optimum for the achievement of the organizational objectives.
Participating and Supporting- leader and manager have to perform this function also in
Marks and Spencer. Leader and manager have to participate and support all the instructions
come from the high authorities and communicate the junior members of the organisation and
make them participate and supportive in accomplishing the task.
P.3. Models and Theories of management and leadership.
In order to create team or group for executing the task, approaches of leadership is very
essential. Theories are many theories which leaders applied to make better leadership skills and
quality. Theories are as follows-
Situational theory- As per this theory there is single style of leadership which is best
until and unless leader has the quality to manage and handle the situation occurs. This theory
states that leaders should have quality and ability to make strategies as per the situations. The
best leaders are those who are able to develop the skills and handle and control the situations. For
example- in selling of product leader will give idea how to sell and rest of the task will be done
by sales department.
Contingency Theory- In this theory, autocratic style of leadership is considered which
manages the work of team and meeting the objectives and goals of Marks and Spencer (Jardine
and Tsang, 2013). Leader instructs and manages the work as per the completing of task.
Possibility hypothesis: This authority hypothesis is considered as absolutist style of pioneer for
overseeing collaboration and meeting objectives of M&S viably (Sekar and et.al., 2014).
Pioneer of M&S utilizes framework hypothesis at most extreme level for group building ready to
develop its specialists' enthusiasm towards gathering. It impacts on gathering's productivity too
element's adequacy proficiently. For example- In case of finance or budget balancing, leader or
managers have to take there decision by their own level, they do not involve other members.
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Methodologies of administration:
 For administration of business tasks, a few methodologies are utilized can be recognized
as:
Authoritative approach: In this administration approach, supervisors basic capacities are
examined as; arranging, coordinating, staffing and controlling. Consequently, appropriate
administration of whole business tasks is done authoritatively for M&S.
 Conduct approach: This administration approach is identified with offer significance to
human conduct and execution administration of specialists (Jokisaari and Markku, 2013).
Moreover, he accentuation on setting up and keep up relations with different business
gatherings of M&S. In this manner, conduct approach is for overseeing conduct and
enhancing business execution of the substance.
 Behavioural Theory- This theory is directly related to the behaviour of leader on his team
or members. The behaviour of leader as per this theory should be positive and healthy
towards each and every members of team. He should always encourage his member of
team.
TASK 2
P.4 Key methodologies of activities administration
Activities administration is precise instrument for overseeing whole business tasks and
enhancing business execution of M&S. It impacts incorporated administration of creation and
circulation of merchandise (Abualrub and Alghamdi 2014). Also, proper arranging and basic
leadership is finished by pioneer and chief to accomplish adequacy of element and upgrading
effectiveness. In such manner, distinctive methodologies are recognized some basic of them can
be talked about as:
• Business process upgrade: It is business administration system which accentuation on
distinguishing and confining structure of plan. In agreement to this, choices are made regarding
business forms inside M&S. Other than this, it is profited for getting ready methodologies for
enhancing quality administrations, administration of whole business activities et cetera (). In this
way, an auxiliary structure is set up by chief for executing systems as cost brought about and
time devoured for business tasks. For which, pioneer acknowledges difficulties and assembles
group of individuals for achieving errands to accomplish association's objectives.
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• Six Sigma: This approach of administration task accentuation on nature of business
execution and its administrations. In such manner, director investigations marketing and further
making arrangements for embracing new advancements and speculation on acquiring new
hardware gear (Arnold and et.al., 2015). In this manner, nature of foodstuffs and home items can
be enhanced proficiently. Further, pioneer composes instructional course for labourers to
actualize new advances. Subsequently, six sigmas is a viable approach for enhancing quality
administrations and proficiency of M&S.
• Lean producing: Under this task administration approach, proper arranging is set up for
assembling process including acquiring and utilizing crude materials, cost brought about on
business activities, work cost lacerate (Bolman and Deal 2014). In like manner, he produces
distinctive thoughts for supervisor to make arranging with respect to ideal usage of assets and
reserve (Harrison, 2013). It impacts generation and circulation framework also successful for
diminishing wastage of materials. In this manner, lean assembling approach is valuable for
overseeing business tasks and upgrading productivity of M&S efficiently.
Just-in-time method (JTI)- It is a strategy of inventory where materials are only ordered
and received as they are needed in the production process. The goal of this method is to reduce
costs by saving money on overhead inventory expenses. M&S must be able to accurately
forecast demand for goods and services for the just-in-time method to be effective. The just-in-
time inventory method is considered a pull approach in manufacturing. When sales activities
warrant more production, inventory is pulled and more manufacturing supplies are ordered.
Along these lines, task administration approaches are compelling for M&S to
incorporated business administration and successful arranging with respect to its execution. It
impacts efficiency and benefit of the substance on bigger scale too administration of its business
exercises. What's more, quality administrations of its administrations can be enhanced effects
attractiveness and aggressiveness.
Role of leader and Manager
There are various roles which are performed by the leader and managers at Marks and
Spencer which are as follows-
Leader
Motivator- A good leader is a motivator. It is the responsibility of leader to motivate
other member of team as well as keep them happy and satisfied. The leader of Marks and
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Spencer are very active and efficient as they provide incentives and rewards and keep them
motivated. Leader should motivate there employees or managers to motivate and use Just in
Time, Six Sigma and other approaches.
Mentor- Leader is the mentor of his/her team member. It is the role of leader to guides
the person in right direction to achieve the success. In addition to this, it is also the responsibility
of leader to act as mentor and guide them how to use these approaches
Navigator- In order to support the mission company, actions are aimed. Leader acts a
compass and make the employees to achieve the great heights of success by moving the
members in right direction. Leader is responsible for giving the right direction so that all the
above approaches can be done in a systematic manner.
Managers
Figurehead- Manager perform the roles and responsibility of ceremonial as well as
symbolic in nature like welcoming the official guests, signing the legal documents etc.
Leadership- All managers are leader of the company. The roles include hiring, training,
disciplining as well as motivating employees. Manger is responsible for giving training to all
employees so that all the employee's use these approaches in a proper manner.
Monitor- This is also one of the most important role that is performed by the managers of
Marks and Spencer. They are responsible for monitoring all the activities of the employees
within organisation. Managers have to monitor all the activities that all approaches that were
discussed above are executing properly or not.
P.5 Importance and estimation of task administration in accomplishing business destinations
It is critical for administrator for arranging of business activities of M&S properly. It
impacts on business execution, benefit level and quality administrations of the substance viably.
Be that as it may, significance of handiness of administration in accomplishing business
destinations can be comprehended as:
• Balance amongst creation and conveyance framework:Administration identified with
generation and dissemination of foodstuffs, home items is required for M&S. It impacts
profitability, benefit level and interest for its administrations (Bolton and Thompson 2015).
Counting this, it is connected with request and supply of the merchandise and enterprises of
M&S. Thusly, successful administration is very required for business tasks and diminishing
wastage of assets too overabundance generation.
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• Coordination in cooperation: Dissecting and dealing with laborers' execution is
proficient for making comprehension and coordination among specialists to meet M&S' goals. In
such manner, labourers' execution get enhanced also they stay capable for supporting each other
and group constructing effectively (Bon and Mustafa 2013). In this way, pioneer's work will be
simple and compelling for execution administration and expanding labourers' productivity at
most extreme level.
• Clear and compelling heading towards encourage business activities: It is
investigated that if business activities of M&S are overseen then a reasonable and compelling
heading is resolved towards enhancing business execution. It can make future arranged
methodologies and improvement of element adequately. In addition, sources are perceived for
clear and powerful bearing later on time. Alongside this, coordinated administration of business
element can be acquired.
Henceforth, it is perceived that administration of business activity is a compelling
methodology for making balance amongst request and supply of merchandise. So also,
compelling utilization of assets and reserve can be perceived for expanding its efficiency and
benefit on bigger scale. Other than this, wastage of assets can be diminished which affected on
business execution and administration of interest and supply of products proficiently.
Here are some importance of operation management are:
Operation management involves similar management for every industry or business
irrespective of their nature of the operation. Planning, organizing, staffing, monitoring
controlling, directing and motivating are its significant elements.
Operation Management is important to improve the overall productivity. The ratio of
input to output is termed as productivity. It gives a measure of the efficiency of the manager as
well as the employees.
Operation management plays a crucial role in an organization as it handles issues like
design, operations, and maintenance of the system used for the production of goods.
P.6 Business natural elements effect tasks' administration and basic leadership
Diverse natural components are distinguished which as interior and outer which affected
on business execution. In such manner, interior components including execution of
representatives, store and assets are broke down which stay controllable. In any case, absence of
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store and assets can be overseen for business tasks of M&S (Cavarretta and et.al., 2015). So
also, absence of coordination can be overwhelmed by pioneer to beat their issues, empowering
them towards compelling coordination for group building and working in gathering. In this way,
inward business ecological components can be overseen for administration of business activities
and expanding its proficiency.
While, on the opposite side, outside natural elements stay out of hand including political,
lawful, financial, mechanical and lawful variables influence business execution bot emphatically
and contrarily. For instance; expanding interest and wage assess rates influence monetary
execution of the element contrarily. Thus, diminishing in these rates impacts its monetary
position decidedly (Daire and Cleary 2014). Hence, changes in government arrangements,
showcase cost and so on effect business execution of M&S additionally choices are made for
future business exercises. Counting this, distinctions in individuals' disposition, intrigue, decision
towards basic supplies, sustenance things and home results of the element get changes by time to
time. Moreover, because of changes in innovations now and again effect item and
administrations' quality. It is connected with creation and dispersion of products also
administration of its tasks.
In this way, business natural variables effect business execution and quality
administrations of M&S. Based on breaking down these elements, choices are made with respect
to future business activities and actualizing its administrations (Christopher, 2016). Counting
this, administration of whole business tasks get impacts additionally create distinctive thoughts
for business activities. Thus, dissecting sway on business tasks because of changes in natural
elements effect business execution and incorporated administration of its exercises.
CONCLUSION
Form the above report is focus on arranging and basic leadership is finished by pioneer
and chief to accomplish adequacy of element and upgrading effectiveness. As per then above
report is focus on critical for administrator for arranging of business activities of M&S properly.
It impacts on business execution, benefit level and quality administrations of the substance
viably. From the above report is focus on changes in government arrangements, showcase cost
and so on effect business execution of M&S additionally choices are made for future business
exercises. Counting this, distinctions in individuals' disposition, intrigue, decision towards basic
supplies, sustenance things and home results of the element get changes by time to time. As per
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the above report is focus on circulation framework also successful for diminishing wastage of
materials. In this manner, lean assembling approach is valuable for overseeing business tasks and
upgrading productivity of M&S efficiently. Form the above report big retail company in United
Kingdom. This report will also discuss the key approaches of operation management as well as
significance and essentials of these approaches of Marks and Spencer. Further the impact of
external factors on operational management.
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