Roles and Characteristics of Leader and Manager in Management and Operations

This document discusses the diverse roles and characteristics of leaders and managers in management and operations. It explores different theories and models of leadership, such as situational, scheme, and contingency leadership. The document also highlights the importance of operations management in attaining business objectives. The case study focuses on Apple, an American international company known for its software and online services.

Management
Operations

Table of Content
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................2
TASK 1...........................................................................................................................................2
P1. Elucidate the diverse roles and characteristics of leader as well as manager.......................2
TASK 2...........................................................................................................................................4
P2. Inspect examples of how the roles of leader As well as the function of a manager be
relevant in dissimilar condition...................................................................................................4
P3. Be relevant dissimilar theories and models of approach, consisting situational, scheme and
contingency leadership................................................................................................................5
TASK 3...........................................................................................................................................6
P4 Areas approaches for organization of process and the roles played by leaders and
managers......................................................................................................................................6
P5. Significance of operations management in attain business objectives..................................7
TASK 4...........................................................................................................................................9
P6. The elements consider in business environment that force upon operational management
and decision making by leaders as well as managers.................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................10
1

INTRODUCTION
Management and operation is considered as essential for accomplishing Vision and
Mission in short span of time. It assists in handling various activities of business organisation in
improved manner. The assignment is discussion about the company which is named as Apple. It
is the American International Company which provides software, online facility to its user. This
company was founded by Steve jobs in the year of 1976. The primary aim of this assignment is
to use appropriate kind of style of leadership for carry out different circumstances in improve
way. They also provide data as well as information in respect of different model in relation to
leadership and Management in improved way (Karuppan, Waldrum and Dunlap, 2016).
TASK 1
P1. Elucidate the diverse roles and characteristics of leader as well as manager
Leader: The leader is considered as a person who always emphasised on prompting
subordinate in the company. In reference of Apple, the leader focus on encouraging its
employees in order to carry out their task in improve way. It also helps in accomplishing Vision
and Mission of organisation during the particular phase of time period (Burns, 2018).
Roles of a leader
 The leader emphasized on encouraging subordinate for achieving Vision and Mission in
particular period of time.
 Moreover the leader also provides the clear image about the guidelines that assists in
executing task in improved way.
Characteristics of a leader
 It is important for leader to have a great communication skill in order to motivate
subordinate for performing their task.
 The leader also has a great confidence level for encouraging subordinate for carry out
Complex task in easy way.
Manager: The manager is considered as a person who focuses on organising, staffing,
planning, directing and controlling the task and function of Organisation in improved way
(Grant, Wong and Trautrims, 2017).
Roles of Manager
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 In reference of Apple the supervisor emphasized on improving appropriate strategy and
tactics for accomplishing vision of business organisation.
 The supervisor plays an important role within business organisation in order to offer
required information to its employees in regard of their policies.
Characteristics of a manager
 In reference of Apple the supervisor have great communication skill for managing
different activity of business organisation in improved way
 It is necessary for supervisor to bring innovative ideas for carry out a task in improved
way.
Difference between leader and manager
Basis Manager Leader
Meaning The manager is considered
as a person who focuses on
organising, staffing,
planning, directing and
controlling the task and
function of Organisation in
improved way (Folkers,
2017).
The leader is considered as a
person who always
emphasised on prompting
subordinate in the company.
Approaches The manager gives vivid
information concerning
approaches
Leader supply guidelines for
accomplishing objective
during the particular phase
of time period
Subordinate Workforce are measured as
a minor of administrator
Supporters are measured as
the assistant of a manager.
Style The manager obeys
transactional style.
The leader obeys
transformational style.
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Transformational theory of leadership: In this model the leader emphasized on the person
and social method that create the value or worth for necessary alteration in the subordinate for
accomplishing goal. In reference of Apple the leader is effective for success of business
organisation. It also helps Organisation in overcoming from the entire problem related to
leadership in future phase of time period.
Classical theory of management: In the classical theory of Management it is important to
obey the worth for satisfying the economic and physical need of subordinate in improved way. In
context of Apple it is important to fulfil the need of subordinates for boosting profit in future
face of time period (Lee, 2018).
TASK 2
P2. Inspect examples of how the roles of leader As well as the function of a manager be relevant
in dissimilar condition.
There are different kind of role as well as responsibility which are implemented by leader
and manager in different circumstances. In context of Apple there are various alterations which
is necessary for organisation to fulfil the necessity of individual person, changes in policies or
plan of Government and so on. There are also the descriptions regarding the various situations in
reference of Apple there are role of leader and manager are also discussed in detail manner:
Conflict resolution: It signifies the things which resolve the conflict as well as disagreement
which increases issues effect on activities of organisation and performance level of subordinate.
For example in reference of Apple the situation related to conflict resolution can be created in
order to increase or boost profit margin of organisation by satisfying the demand of user. The
manager focuses on developing or managing the plan for achieving objective. The subordinate
are carry out the various method for resolving the issues or conflict. There are various things that
occurs difficulties in relation to work of team such as inappropriate communication, improper
relation with employees and many more (Young, 2016).
Roles of leader: Herein, the circumstance the leader focuses on plays an appropriate role for
eliminating the problems by offering different solutions. In context of Apple the leader focuses
on setting or defines Vision and Mission for carry out the task as per the capability and
knowledge. In order to maintain appropriate communication with its team member they also
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focus on resolving this complexity in order to gain favourable outcomes and carry out the task in
well-defined manner (Karlsson, 2016).
Roles of manager: In context of Apple administrator focuses on improving the performance
in order to carry out task or work for accomplishing objective. The manager also focuses on
offering necessary assets to its work force in order to carry out their tasks in improved way.
Rapid change: There are various kinds of changes which is availed in organisation for
fulfilling the need of customer. There are various benefits in relation to the products which are
provided by Apple such as iPod, iPhone, logic Pro and many more as per the necessity of
customer. It helps them in gaining competitive edge over rivalries. It is vital for Apple to bring
quick changes or alteration and for this purpose it is necessary to provide training to its staff for
enhancement in the knowledge for carry out the work in improved manner.
Roles of leader: Here in the leader focuses on selecting capable workforce in order to carry
out the work with execution of new technology.
Roles of manager: The manager focuses on in developing is tactics for carry out the task in
better way (Camuffo, De Stefano and Paolino, 2017).
P3. Be relevant dissimilar theories and models of approach, consisting situational, scheme and
contingency leadership
The detailed explanation of model as well as concept in relation to Apple that is going to be
discussed below:
Situational leadership theory: In this concept the leader focuses on carry out their different
rule according to the circumstances. This model or theory was given by Paul Harsey and the
method determines various forms of leadership like selling, telling, delegating and so on. In
reference of Apple if the manager use this theory than they apply this in various circumstances
and perform the task in improved manner by resolving different issues (Filimonau and Delysia,
2019) advantageous to offer success and growth for workforce to provide effective participation
in different process.
Weaknesses: The Primal weakness of theory is that it does not provide the appropriate data
information in respect of leader and create a misunderstanding within organisation that distract
work force.
System leadership theory: This theory signifies that the leader focuses on handle various
circumstances for carry out the work of employees and in respect of given task. In reference of
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Apple the individual person focuses on performing various functions in an appropriate manner
and provides effective direction to its workforce. It is also appropriate for creating positive
Ambience for their work force can carry out their tasks in good way without any kind of issues
and also focuses on increasing the performance level of organisation.
Strengths: The main advantage of this theory is the leader assigns the work to its workforce
in better way by using different plan and strategy for achieving favourable benefits.
Weaknesses: This theory creates several kinds of difficulties in order to set various activities
in an appropriate way.
Task oriented theory: This theory define the assign work which is necessary to achieve the
favourable benefits for carry out the task. In reference of Apple it is advantage for manager to
carry out the various tasks for completing it in given time (Wisner, 2016).
Strengths: The main purpose of this approach or method is to clarify the aim in which is
given by the leader. The manager focuses on allotting the task to its employees in order to giving
knowledge regarding their duties (Sato and Himura, 2018).
Weaknesses: The disadvantage of this theory is there is a same way of performing their
work and there is no innovation at workplace that decreases moral or motivation of subordinates
The application of chaos theory and management by objectives
Management by objective is considered as the theory or model that appropriately defines
the goal. They focus on contributing full efforts to work engagement of employees in decision
making towards goal. In context of Apple by adopting different concept they enhance the
motivation level of the worker for achieving favourable benefits during the particular phase of
time period (Gillen, Jacquillat and Odoni, 2016).
Chaos theory signifies that there are various things that necessity the alteration due to
economic recession and frequently changes in the behaviour of consumer at market place. In
context of Apple there are various concepts which is apply in order to reduce issues and losses in
different situations. This theory is very appropriate to bring changes at workplace (Slack and
Brandon-Jones, 2018).
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TASK 3
P4 Areas approaches for organization of process and the roles played by leaders and managers.
Management and operation signifies the essential elements of business organisation. It is used in
planning, organising and controlling the production process. It is also useful for business
organisation to handle the production process for achieving favourable outcome during the
particular phase of time period. It also assists in boosting the productivity or efficiency level. In
reference of Apple there are various functions that involve inventory management, human
resource and many more (Al-Dulaimi, Wang and Chih-Lin, 2018). There are various functions in
relation to operation of Apple that is given below:
Various approaches adopt by Apple
Just-in-time approach: This is a kind of approach that focuses on entire material
provided by organisation for their manufacturing and it is directly reach to the manufacturing
warehouses for assessing needed quantity. It eliminating the price or cost of store and ensure that
there is a need of inventory whenever it is needed. It is responsibility of leader of Apple to
impose discipline with the business organisation and its employees in order to handle the price or
cost of business organisation.
Total quality management: It signifies the managing product quality as well services of
business organisation in order to reduce any kind of extra cost it assists Apple to sustain their
user for a longer time period and make sure regarding the development or sustainability within
business organisation. The leader focuses on improving the superior quality of product as well as
services in order to decrease the deficiency in the quality of goods offered.
Six Sigma: This is a kind of approach was adopted by Apple so that they execute
appropriate functioning element within business organisation. It helps a company in reducing the
mistake or error in order to organise their operations. It boosts the efficiency level in order to
manufacture product as well as services for satisfying their customer. It is the responsibility of
leader as well as manager to execute appropriate functioning related to organisation and also find
discrepancies in order to take appropriate decision during the particular phase of time period.
Lean Management: Lean management signifies in handling the regular development so
that business can gain in future phase of time period in context of Apple it is the responsibility of
manager as well as leader to regularly assess the level of performance within business
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organisation. It makes ensure that minimise the wastage as well as contribution which is
provided by subordinates (Berenguer and Shen, 2019).
P5. Significance of operations management in attain business objectives
1. Controlling and the distribution system:
Management and operations determine as whole monitoring as well as controlling the flow of
stock and their outflow in various kind of finished products as per the demand at market place. In
the context of Apple they focuses on the need of stock as per the present need for eliminating the
cost or price of maintaining stock and that helps in increasing high level of efficiency.
2) Process design:
Management in Operation help in and designing so that they can achieve the vision of
business organisation in given time period. In reference of Apple there are several functions
which are necessary to enhance for essential procedure that assists user in performing their
purchase in good way.
3) Transformation of raw materials in finished goods:
Here in the essential thing of operations and management in converting the material into
finished product and then finally provided to its end customer there are various theories which is
used by supervisor of Apple for converting the material into finished good in an effective way. It
helps in reducing or eliminating the cost by using various techniques like total quality
management, Six Sigma and many more (He, Mak and Rong, 2019).
4) Capacity management:
Capacity management and operations plays an essential role for business organisation in order to
appropriate utilisation of resources with effective potentiality. In reference of Apple it is
connected with the different operational management that assists in effective utilization of their
operation in order to increase the manufacturing or eliminating wastage.
5. Inventory management:
It is necessary to handle the inventory within business organisation when there is a
necessity of managing inventory. In context of Apple they provide appropriate services in order
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to manage their product in an appropriate manner.
6) Scheduling:
In operations and management there are various functions which is performed by the business
organisation in a appropriate sequence for performing their task in an appropriate manner. In
context of Apple they follow the appropriate level in order to provide appropriate product and
services to its customer as per their need (Erjavec and Trkman, 2020).
TASK 4
P6. The elements consider in business environment that force upon operational management and
decision making by leaders as well as managers
CSR: It is important for business organisation to obey the CSR for boosting their
Goodwill as well as brand image of Organisation in mindset of customer at market place. In
reference of Apple they follow the CSR policy for the advantages of stakeholder and also for the
benefit of society during the particular phase of time period. The primary purpose of company is
to increase the living standard of individual person of community.
Culture: Culture involves behaviour, belief values as well as idea of customer in
particular area. It is important to execute this strategy in relation to culture for boosting the talent
as well as ability of subordinate during the particular phase of time period. In reference of Apple
the leader as well as manager emphasized on prompting the subordinate for culture in an
appropriate manner. It also helps them in satisfying the wants of user at Marketplace for
achieving favourable outcomes.
Value: Values are those within organisation for offering product as well services to its user
in order to satisfy their need. It is considered as the most important factor of business
environment through which they focuses on providing product as well as services for satisfying
the need of customer in the particular phase of time period. In reference of Apple the focus is on
providing innovative and specific product as well as services for satisfying the changing attitude
or need of customer during the particular phase of time period (Gao and Su, 2018).
CONCLUSION
On the given report it has been analysed that leader as well as manager is very important in
taking appropriate decision for becoming a successful businessman in future phase of time
period. It also assists in adopting various theories of leadership in order to handle circumstances
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in better way. The manager of supervisor also focuses on formulating various policies in order to
give direction for performing their responsibilities. Operation management is useful in managing
the functions and activity in improved way. This assignment help in improving the level of
understanding that imposes various factor related to environment that is determined by leader as
well as manager within business organisation is discussed in this assignment
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Karuppan, C.M., Waldrum, M.R. and Dunlap, N.E., 2016. Operations Management in
Healthcare: Strategy and Practice. Springer Publishing Company.
Young, T., 2016. Knowledge management for services, operations and manufacturing. Chandos
Publishing.
Camuffo, A., De Stefano, F. and Paolino, C., 2017. Safety reloaded: lean operations and high
involvement work practices for sustainable workplaces. Journal of Business Ethics, 143(2),
pp.245-259.
Sato, T. and Himura, Y., 2018, February. Smart-contract based system operations for
permissioned blockchain. In 2018 9th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies,
Mobility and Security (NTMS) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Al-Dulaimi, A., Wang, X. and Chih-Lin, I. eds., 2018. 5G networks: fundamental requirements,
enabling technologies, and operations management. John Wiley & Sons.
Berenguer, G. and Shen, Z.J., 2019. Challenges and strategies in managing nonprofit operations:
An operations management perspective. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management.
He, L., Mak, H.Y. and Rong, Y., 2019. Operations management of vehicle sharing systems.
In Sharing Economy (pp. 461-484). Springer, Cham.
Erjavec, J. and Trkman, P., 2020. Behavioural operations management-identification of its
research program. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 36(1), pp.42-
71.
Gao, F. and Su, X., 2018. Omnichannel service operations with online and offline self-order
technologies. Management Science, 64(8), pp.3595-3608.
Folkers, A., 2017. Continuity and catastrophe: business continuity management and the security
of financial operations. Economy and Society, 46(1), pp.103-127.
Burns, M.G., 2018. Port management and operations. CRC press.
Slack, N. and Brandon-Jones, A., 2018. Operations and process management: principles and
practice for strategic impact. Pearson UK.
Grant, D.B., Wong, C.Y. and Trautrims, A., 2017. Sustainable logistics and supply chain
management: principles and practices for sustainable operations and management. Kogan Page
Publishers.
Karlsson, C. ed., 2016. Research methods for operations management. Routledge.
Lee, C.K.H., 2018. A review of applications of genetic algorithms in operations
management. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 76, pp.1-12.
Filimonau, V. and Delysia, A., 2019. Food waste management in hospitality operations: A
critical review. Tourism management, 71, pp.234-245.
Wisner, J.D., 2016. Operations management: A supply chain process approach. Sage
Publications.
Gillen, D., Jacquillat, A. and Odoni, A.R., 2016. Airport demand management: The operations
research and economics perspectives and potential synergies. Transportation Research Part A:
Policy and Practice, 94, pp.495-513.
Slack, N. and Brandon-Jones, A., 2018. Operations and process management: principles and
practice for strategic impact. Pearson UK.
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