Management & Operations in TESCO, a multinational groceries and general merchandiser

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Management &
Operations

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION
Management operations introduces as a administration or management of business
practices to develop the advanced level of efficiency within an enterprise. For this project,
TESCO is a chosen British multinational groceries and general merchandiser. It was established
in 1919 by Jack Cohen and headquartered in England, United Kingdom. This report is based on
different tasks which includes roles and characteristic of manager and leader in different
situation (Ferguson and et. al., 2017). Different types of leadership style will also included in this
project which will help business leader to deal with difficult situation easily. Along with this,
importance of operational management and macro factors will also covered in this report which
will impact on business performance and productivity.
TASK 1
P1 Explain different role of leader and characteristic of a manager
In an organisation manager and a leader play a vital role as they help in guiding their
employees, motivating them and also help in solving their personal issues.
Manager:
Manager may be defined as a person who is responsible for controlling management
activities and is mainly regarded for his skills for managing resources.
A manager is a person who exercise organisation managerial functions and has power to
hire, fire, maintain discipline, and monitor attendance relating to subordinates.
Role of Manager:
 Managing Daily Operations: The primary role of managers of TESCO is to ensure
that daily activities of organisation are performed by the employees.
 Staffing: Managers of TESCO is not only limited to overlook business operations but
also recruit new employees, train them and make them familiar with organisation policies
(Reid and Sanders, 2015).
Characteristics of Managers:
 Experience: Manager must be enough experience and have knowledge to work in a
professional environment and lead a team. Managers of TESCO work as a volunteer

either within the field or with the non profit. They manage the events of the organisation
whether it is raising for an organisation or organizing an event.
 Time Management: The important characteristics of manager is that one should follow
the time management strictly (Slack and Brandon-Jones, 2018). Managers of TESCO
needs to set examples for their employees to manage time because this will help them to
prioritize the day, communicate with the employees and make sure to achieve day to day
operations.
Leader:
A leader is referred as a person who is head of the group, in-charge and build confidence
in their subordinates to achieve organisational goals.
A leader should be a inspiration for their subordinates so that it motivated them and
encourage to follow their directions in order to achieve objectives and goals.
Role of leader:
 Required at all levels of management: In every organisation, leader is required who
can train and guide their employees regarding their roles and responsibilities. Leader of
TESCO work at all the levels of management (Khanna, 2015). In respect of this
company, top management leader helps in formation of plans and policies as well as in
middle and lower level of management helps in interpretation and execution of plans
framed by top management.
Characteristics of Leader:
 Initiates Action: Leader of TESCO should take action by communicating plans and
policies to his subordinates and guide where and how the work actually starts.
Difference between managers and leaders of an organisation.
Basis for comparison Managers Leaders
Meaning A manager is a person who
manages all the business
activities. He is responsible for
planning, directing,
coordinating and controlling
Leaders is a person who
influences his subordinates to
achieve the goals and
objectives of an organisation.

the employees.
Approach Manager of an organisation
plans the details of all the
business activities carefully
keeping in mind the needs and
requirements (Mahadevan,
2015).
Whereas a leader is a person
who basically sets the
direction which the
organisation follows.
Aim The aim of the manager of an
organisation is the attainment
of required result within the
specific period of time.
The leader of an organisation
aims at increasing the growth
and development rate of an
organisation.
Focus Manager of an organisation
basically focuses on the
process and procedure that a
firm need to adopt in order to
achieve efficiency
(Schönsleben, 2016).
Whereas the leaders focuses
on people that are related to
the organisation.
Decision making Managers of an organisation
are responsible to make
necessary decision regarding
the firm.
The leaders of an organisation
are responsible for facilitating
the decisions that are made by
the mangers.
Style Managers follows
transactional style for making
every decision.
The leaders of an organisation
follows transformational style.
Difference between leader and manager
Characteristics Leader Manager
Behaviour A leader always keeps his
team members first and then
A manager is a self centred
person. He is not concerned

think of himself later about his team members and
entire focus relates to
fulfilment of tasks.
Role Leader Manager
Decision and planning To be competitive in the
market, a leader is proactive
when it comes to taking
decisions in various situation
Manager makes decision
according to the organizational
abilities to assign roles and
responsibilities.
Difference between management and leadership
Basis Leadership Management
Focus Leadership mainly focus on
their subordinates and is
people-oriented.
Management focus on
organisation task and
responsibilities
Styles Leadership approach
participative styles (Schwarz,
Hall and Shibli, 2015).
Management approach
autocratic or dictatorial styles
Goals Leadership set long term goals
to achieve objectives
Management set Short term
goals to achieve objectives
Outcome Leadership get their outcome
by reaching long range of
goals and objectives
Management get their outcome
through managing organisation
projects.
TASK 2
P2 Role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational contexts.
TESCO is a multinational retail organisation in United Kingdom. In the organisation,
there are mainly three types of situation which is faced by business manager and leader. All these
situation and in which role of manager and leader will be determined as under:

Stable situation: This situation mainly related with policies and procedures of human
resource management. It is a stable situation which will not change on daily basis. In this
situation manager play vital role by analysing best policies and procedures related with HRM.
On the other side, leader also play vital role by leading and implementing each policies within an
organisation.
Moderate Situation: It is another situation and changes in technology is a best example
of this situation (Kapadia, Dong and Yang, 2018). In this situation, manager and leader has
different role which will help an organisation by improving its profitability and performance. In
this situation, manager have to provide training and development to those employees who have
lack of knowledge about the technology. Along with this, leader also play effective role by
providing accurate guidelines about how to operate technology.
Fast changing situation: Needs and wants of customers is a best example of fast
changing situation which will impact on business operations and performance. In this situation,
manager should conduct market research and identify needs and wants of customers. Proper
identification of customer's needs and wants help an enterprise to increase their sales. Leader
should guide their followers to deal with any situation easily.
P3 Different leadership theories and models
Leadership theory
This theories are approaches that help leaders of organisation to facilitate effective
leadership and influence employees of organisation. Situational leadership, system leadership,
contingency leadership theories are mention below.
Situational leadership theory
This theory of leadership bases on assumption that style of leadership depends upon
situation. The most effective style of leadership for influencing followers is situational
leadership. This style of leadership suggested that there is no single leadership style is best as it
based on situation at hand. To conduct effective and successful leadership, leaders must be able
to adapt their style and approach according to circumstances. Some employees function better
when leader is more directive and autocratic while other employees perform better when leader
step back and trust their decision to carry out plans.

Strengths: Situational leadership theory is able to recognize need and want of
circumstances and able to flexibility adopt situation requirement. This leads to create
comfortable work environment for employees (Grant, Trautrims and Wong, 2017).
Weakness: This leadership does not provide enough information for leaders as they have
to respond in different ways to situation. Situational leadership create confusion to leaders as
well as employees in organisation.
System leadership
System theory believes that organisation is made up of numerous parts or subsystems. All
part of organisation must work together with harmony in functioning of company. This theory
provides an approach which help in understanding and analysing and completely focusing on
system of organisation. Subsystems of organisation included departments, work groups, business
units, individual or employees of company. System theory is used to evaluate, measure
performance and control employees in each department of organisation.
Strengths: Situational theory of leadership focuses on surrounding environment and how
changes can impact organisation working system (Harrison and Lock, 2017). It is design to deal
with complex situations or company and it can easily manage change through interaction with
environment.
Weakness: Disadvantage of this theory is that it does not focus on specific function or
task requirement in particular situation. System theory is not able to provide details for leaders.
Contingency theory of leadership
This style of leadership is based on assumption that effective leadership style depends
upon various contingency. This leadership theory states that there is not best style of leadership
in organisation. Leader can perform better and effectively when their style of leadership fits with
the situation. Contingency theory of leadership states that leaders effectiveness determined by
how well leaders leadership style match with situation. Success of leadership depends upon
number of variable or contingencies, this include leadership style, qualities of followers and
aspects of situation.
Strengths: This theory is well tested by many researchers and proven valid and reliable
approach in explaining how to achieve successfully leadership (Choi, Cheng and Zhao, 2016).
Contingency theory of leadership provides a simple rule of thumb for identifying which leaders
are best in which situation.

Weakness: Contingency leadership is not at all flexible which is consider as a drawback
for this theory. Sometime this theory mismatch between leader and situation in organisation.
TASK 3
P4 Key approaches to operation management
Importance of operation management
It can be refer as a process that helps in effective planing, organizing, coordinating and
controlling various resources of organisation and produce goods and services of organisation.
Major aim of operation management is to ensure timely delivery of products and to successfully
turn raw materials into finished products. With effective operation management, organisation can
manage all attributes of operation such as people, equipment, information, technology etc.
operation management is important for manufacturing quality products of company. It enable
products and services of developed with high quality or enhance quality of products. Operation
management is responsible for optimum utilization of resources leading to enormous profits of
organisation. It play very important role in developing, designing, handling and maintaining
production of goods in organisation (Radnor and et. al., 2015). Operation management is a key
for customer satisfaction and achieving organisation goals. This department produce and
manufacture products according to needs and wants of customer to satisfy them. Operation
department provide high quality products and services to which helps in maintaining positive
customer relationship and ultimately increase profits of organisation. With increase in sales of
products and services by satisfied customers it will not only improve brand image but revenues
of company will also increase.
Just in time
This method is used to reduce times in production of goods as well as customers or
suppliers. Just In Time can be refer as strategic activities which are developed to achieve
maximum production with minimum inventory with company. Manager is responsible for
evaluating demand and supply requirement of Tesco products in market and develop a plan
regarding manufacture as well as inventory of company products. Leader's roles is to conduct
effective execution of plan develop by manager and maintaining operations according to
requirements. Leaders will make sure that actual execution match with plan. Manager's roles is to
develop controlling measures whenever required.

Six sigma
It is a set of tool and techniques which helps in improvement of process of organisation.
Six sigma develop strategies which seek to improve quality of total output by a process through
identifying and removing defective products (Martínez-Jurado and Moyano-Fuentes, 2014). This
will leads to minimizing variability in manufacturing of products and process of business. It is a
duty of manager to create vision, mission and metrics of Tesco and manager is responsible for
communicating it effectively so that each and everyone in company understand goals or
objective of company. Leader's role is to establish strategies which focus the six sigma program
in accordance with organisation specific culture and goal.
Lean manufacturing
This is a systematic methods uses in manufacturing industry which leads to minimize
waste. Lean manufacture is an approach that focus on minimizing waste in manufacturing system
while maximizing productivity of Tesco company. Manager of Tesco provide direction to
employees of organisation. Manger will be responsible for motivating employees to achieve
objective of company while working in direction provided by manager. Leaders of company will
helps employees by solving their problems and providing them solution to their problems.
Leaders of Tesco will act as a active coach for employees of organisation (Kompella, 2015).
P5 Value of operation management
Operation management is essential and effective for success and growth of an
organisation. There are different importance of operation management for TESCO which will
explained as under:
Profitability management: Operation management is essential concept which will support
an organisation by increasing its profitability and performance level easily. It will help an
organisation to motivate their employees and gain better results within given time duration.
Competitive benefits: It is another important aspect of operation management which will
support an organisation to gain competitive benefits within given time duration. For this
company do market research which will help them by providing accurate information about
needs and wants of its potential customer's. Thus operation management is most significant and
vital part for growth and development of TESCO.

Reduce waste: Operation management is also significant part which will support an
organisation in reduction of wastage. It is important for success and growth of TESCO and it will
also assist them to increase their market share and sales.
TASK 4
P6 Factors within business environment
Business environment introduces as a sum of internal and external factor of company.
There are some factors such as Corporate Social Responsibility,Values, Ethics and Culture. All
these are main factor which will be impact on business growth and success.
CSR: It introduces as the important tools of business that play essential role in sustainable
development of an organisation by giving all kind of environmental, social as well as economic
advantages to their entire stake peoples. The corporate social responsibility impacts the decision
making process of the enterprise by providing benefits in the welfare of all stakeholders.
Values: It is also important factor which will impact on business while making decision
related to business success and growth. In process of the decision, system values offers full
importance, because people values about specific location or time. It will supports the
organisation to plan decision making process and gain better outputs within given time duration.
Ethics: To apply CSR, business enterprises will have to be practices ethical business
regulations and also ensures that the business activities do not harm each stakeholders.
Leadership and top management must also ensure that the vision and mission statement of nation
must be changed and redefined on time in order to comply with ethics of business (Ivanov,
Tsipoulanidis and Schönberger, 2017).
Culture: It refers as the customs, ideas and social behaviour of employees of a specific
place. Business culture refers the working environment in an organisation that impacts and
effects the working of employees in the organisation. Culture influences the management,
decisions and all business functions from accounting to production. Likewise, the country an
organisation do also have their own beliefs, values and morales on which the working of an
organisation is based on.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned information, it has been concluded importance of operation
management in reduction of wastage and improvement of its image in marketplace. Different

situation have been introduced which will impact on business performance and success of an
enterprise. For this manager and leader have to played different role which will assist an
organisation by increasing its market share and sales easily.