Survey on Interactive System and Operation Patterns

The provided assignment is a survey on interactive system and operation patterns of intelligent power utilization. It includes research papers and studies on the topic, covering aspects such as collection development and management, operation management of borehole heat exchangers, impact of health indicators on maintenance management, and more. The references and sources listed provide a comprehensive overview of the subject, making it a valuable resource for students.

MANAGEMENT
&
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1 & 3.....................................................................................................................................3
1. Introduction of the roles of management and leadership...................................................3
2. According to J. Kotter differentiate leadership and management functions......................3
3. According to P. Drucker analysis of the management by objective process......................4
4. Discussed by H. Mintzberg three management roles theory..............................................4
5. Examine leadership traits theory and two style of leadership............................................5
6. An analysis of Hard management skills and Soft leadership skills....................................6
7. A discussion of three transformation processes in operation management........................6
8. Determine the term of quality means and the four costs of quality for managers in achieving
business objectives.................................................................................................................7
9. A discussion of role managers play in total quality management approach......................7
10. A discussion of Just In Time approach and waste reduction in operations......................8
11. Three methods managers can adjust for capacity management in operations..................8
12. A short conclusion with your personal evaluation on the role of managers and leaders. 8
TASK 2 & 4.....................................................................................................................................9
1. Introduction of organisation...............................................................................................9
2. Explanation of department and their roles in operation.....................................................9
3. Background of management team in this department........................................................9
4. Strength and weakness of manager/ leader approach.......................................................10
5. Roles and duties of management in organisation.............................................................11
6 Real occasion , role of management that follow theories and models of management.....11
7 Theory of leadership style applied by the manager...........................................................12
8 Discuss the type of transformation process.......................................................................12
9 Impact of Capacity Management in the organisation........................................................13
10 Recommendation to the management for the future improvement.................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Management & operations is a field of management which covers all management
process in systematic way. Operation management is the direction of business practices to
develop the highest level of efficiency possible with in an organisation. It is afraid with
converting materials and labour into goods and services as efficiently as possible to increase the
profit of an organisation (Brandon-Lai, Armstrong and Ferris, 2016). To understand the concept
of leadership and management, Tesco plc has been taken. Tesco plc, together with its
subsidiaries, operates as a grocery retailer and it also provide retail banking and insurance
services. The company serves their customers through 6809 stores as well as online. The
presented report covers differentiate between the role of a leader and the function of manager.
There is analysing role of leaders and managers regarding to operation function of an
organisation. In addition, apply role of a leader and the function in the context of manager. Apart
from understand of the relationship between leadership and management in a contemporary
business environment.
TASK 1 & 3
1. Introduction of the roles of management and leadership
Management is essential for arranged life and necessary to run all types of management.
Good management is backbone of successful organization. It can be defined as all the archiving
an objectives or goal by continuous activities such as planning, organizing, leading and
controlling. The role of management to composed and exchange process of planning, decision
making, organizing, leading, motivation and controlling the HR, physical and information
resources of a company (Role of Management, 2017) .
Leadership is the ability of an individual or a group of persons to determinant and guide
followers or other members of an organization. The role of leadership to making sound,
establishing desired goals and providing followers with the knowledge and tools necessary to
achieve those goals.
2. According to J. Kotter differentiate leadership and management functions
According to J. kotter, management is the systematic process of dealing with people and
control the activities of management and also function. A manager does exactly that they uses

processes to control people in an organization. Leadership is act of leading a group of people.
Management differs from leadership in several ways -
Management
Order and Consistency
Leadership
Change and Movement
In this consider function of planning/Budgeting
 Establish Agenda
 Set schedule
There is establish direction according to leader
 Create vision
 Explain the big picture
Organizing/Staffing Aligning people
Controlling/Problem solving Motivating and inspiring
3. According to P. Drucker analysis of the management by objective process
According to P. Drucker, Management by objectives is the process of described objective
of a company so that management and employees agree to the objectives and understand what
they need to do in a company in subject to attain them (Management by objective process, 2018).
There is defined process of management by objectives -
1. Ascertain or revise the organizational objectives
2. Translating the organizational objectives to employees
3. Impact the participation of employees in the find out of the objectives
4. Observation of progress
5. Appraise and reward achievements
These steps analysis the work performances of employees and study of management by
objectives helps to incorporate managerial activities in a systematic way which directly impact
the organisational objectives in a efficient manner.
4. Discussed by H. Mintzberg three management roles theory
In the reference of H. Mintzberg, A single person can intensify their skills through
experience because it is not easy to understand in class room activities. It is suggested that break
down management role helpful for organisation because it simplify the organisational
complexity. There is mentioned different management roles theory in the reference of H.
Mintzberg -

Interpersonal Role – In this management role theory manager can provide all relevant
information of idea which is helping a company for develop strategies to achieve business
objectives (Ganesh, and Jambeck, 2013). The information provided in detail -
 Figurehead – There is manager responsible for legal, social and ceremonial information
and look up different sources for motivation.
 Leader – There is providing team, individual, department and whole organisation for
leadership .
 Liaison – The manager can communicate with external and internal contacts.
Decisional Role – In this section involve managerial role with using these information -
Entrepreneurs – As a manager there is creating and controlling change environment so
for this generate new ideas and apply them.
 Disturbance Handler – When a company hits an unpredicted road block so manager can
take initiative.
 Negotiator – There is taking part in direct and important negotiations with team.
Informational Role – There is involving process of information from different
perspectives -
 Monitor – In this role, information related to organization and industry and monitor
changes of an environment.
 Disseminator – There is communicating about potentially useful information about their
team and colleagues.
 Spoke Person – There is manager can present their company as a speaker and responsible
for transmitting information.
Manager of Tesco can adopt H. Mintzberg management role theory in the manner of
improve role of manager and leader to accomplish goals and objectives of a company. Different
types of role such as interpersonal, informational and decisional function helps to provide
different information related to differ sections and it will classify roles and responsibilities of
manager (Hatziargyriou, 2013).
5. Examine leadership traits theory and two style of leadership
The trait theory of leadership is reasoned the first modern theory of leadership. The
theory identifies the specific personality traits that different leaders from non leaders. It is based

on characteristics of many leader in both manner – Successful and unsuccessful. According top
this theory “leaders are born not made”. There are two leadership style mentioned below -
Autocratic – Under this style all authority and power complete centralised in hand of
leader. It is also called leader centre style and in every tasks all appropriate decision taken by
leader. The work load design by leader and exercise tight control over them.
Democratic – In the style, the leader can delegates and decentralises their power and
authority among employees. The final decision taken by leader but after consulted with the
colleagues and there is applied two way communication because there is leader and their
subordinate include in decision making process.
For example – Manager of Tesco have to take decision for increasing no of customers
and products. For this the leader can adopt democratic leadership theory where is provided
chance to all colleagues and subordinate in decision making process and take their suggestions.
6. An analysis of Hard management skills and Soft leadership skills
Hard skills are specific capabilities of an individual can dominate and demonstrate in a
measured way. It is required by the organisation to present their duty in business. In hard skills
consist of web design, finance, writing, computer programming, mathematics, writing, legal and
other quantifiable skills that are require according to job (Huang and et.al., 2013).
Soft skills is essential for a leader in order to provide encourage and motivation top their
team members for improve passion and productivity. Under the skills consist of work ethics,
teamwork, problem solving skills and communication.
For example, Tesco plc can need a person who have hard skill in different section which
help to achieve organisational goals and objectives. There is also required a leader with soft skill
to motivate and encourage other employees.
7. A discussion of three transformation processes in operation management
Transformation process is an activity or group of activities which changes made in a
company or another company which increase the performance of company's employees. The
management can participate in the improvement of business. It can give a failing business new
life and can increase the fast operation of company. There is defined three transformation
process -
Manufacture – In the transformation process of manufacturing consist of the evolution of
new product which supply physical goods for the consumer like food & beverage company.

Supply – In this process include all retail sector companies who provides different types
of goods and services to different customers. For example consumer can purchase different
product under single roof (Johnson, 2018).
Service – in this section there is including all retail sector which provide different types
of services to their customers such as payment service, query service, discount service.
8. Determine the term of quality means and the four costs of quality for managers in achieving
business objectives
Quality is the term of need and expectation from the side of customers and it will provide
the accuracy of product. The selling of product based on their quality, if consumer satisfied with
product quality so it was attracting to more people. There are four cost of quality in a company
for the manager which provide help to achieve goals and objective - Prevention Cost – In this cost provide help to manager to avoid quality problems and it is
related with create design, implementation and maintenance of the quality management
system. It is planned and incurred before actual operation. Appraisal Cost – It is related with activity and monitoring activities in subject to quality.
These types of cost associated with the customers and suppliers assessment of products
and services, materials, processes which is confirmed to specification. Internal failure cost – The cost determined before the products and services is delivered
to the customer. These costs go on when the outcomes of work fail to reach design
quality standards and it is detected before they transferred to the customer.
 External failure cost – In this cost incurred of curative defects which is disclosed by
customers. These types of cost happen when products and services that go wrong to reach
design quality standards are not perceived until after transfer to the customer.
9. A discussion of role managers play in total quality management approach
There is defined different role of managers regarding to total quality management
approach -
 A manager must communicate about the advantages of total quality management to all
other staff of a company (Luo and et.al., 2017).
 Manager of Tesco is to act as facilitator at the work place and it is responsibility to
assistance to employees in implementing.

 Take continuous feedback from customers regarding to products quality. If they are
facing any problem regarding to product defect so manger can improve quality and
maintain customer relationship management.
10. A discussion of Just In Time approach and waste reduction in operations
Just in time approach is strategy of management that adjust with raw materials orders
from suppliers directly with the schedules of production. An organization can use this inventory
strategy to improve efficiency and decreasing wastage of goods.
Wastage reduction is a approach which is a[lied by organization to increase production
practices. The aim of this approach to control health in the subject to environment as well as
manufacturing more units of output by using the wasteful units.
11. Three methods managers can adjust for capacity management in operations
There are three methods applied by managers in an organisation for adjust capacity
management in operation -
Business Capacity Management – This method related to human resource which is
requisite by the several sections foe manageable work. As a example in retail store, operation
team need to 150 people for manage floor work and it will handle by the customers to make it
simple to find anything (Mazidi and et.al., 2017).
Service Capacity Management – It is related to IT services in a company to expand
performance of employees. For example in retail store company operate electronic machine for
billing and scanning to save time of customers.
Components Capacity Management – There are included lower level management wok
like machinery, labour and raw material etc. for example in manufacturing company needed raw
material, labour or machine for manufacturing of products.
12. A short conclusion with your personal evaluation on the role of managers and leaders
It has been concluded that in an organisation a manager and a leader both are essential for
accomplish goals and objective of a company. With the help of several leadership and
management approach encourage and motive to employees for performing better. A manager can
follow several approach like total quality management and just in time and a leader can follow
democratic and autocratic approach.

TASK 2 & 4
1. Introduction of organisation
Tesco is a leading British multinational private sector company. It basically a groceries
and general merchandise retailer having its headquarters is in Welwyn Garden City, England,
Hertfordshire, UK. It is introduced by Hackney in year 1919 and the name of the founder in Jack
Cohen. Also known as the largest retailer in all over world in respect of gross revenues.
Tesco deals in electronics, furniture, toys, financial services, books, telecoms and so on.
It enhances their products and services as per the requirements and demands of the customers.
The main objectives of Tesco is to maximise sales and become the largest retailer firm (Niu,
Xiao, and Ke, 2013).
2. Explanation of department and their roles in operation
As Tesco is a multinational organisation that are dealing in groceries, electronic and so
on. It have many department that operates for the effectual work and also perform its operative
activities. It involves human resource, finance, information technology, outbound logistic and
many more. Some of these are mentioned below:
Human resource management:
HRM department handle the overall work initiating from hiring to improve the work of
management. This sections of Tesco facilitates training to its workers that assists in to maintain
effective relation with consumers. Firm generally invest money to enhance the services of
customers by giving them training session as well as it will encourage their employees also.
Team of operations mostly need the human forces which will be hired only by the human
resource department.
Outbound Logistic:
Outbound logistic department is responsible for delivering goods and services to
customers on specified time. Tesco started home delivery options in order to maximise its
services between rivals. Organisation also develop another services like parking facilities,
provide spaces for trolley and so on for more competitive advantage (Ou and Hong, 2014).
3. Background of management team in this department
Management team is considered as a group of individuals which run a great level of
business as well as perform daily activities and duties for managing the human who are working

within company and also handling accountabilities for key functions of business. In Tesco
management team, Chairman, CEO, CFO and many executives as well as non executive
directors are included. The manager of Tesco is Dave Lewis who has appropriate experience
consumer and general management, brand marketing etc. this team assists firm to accomplish its
objectives. All these people perform together to handle day to day activities in order to increase
effectualness and efficacious of goods and services.
4. Strength and weakness of manager/ leader approach
Tesco is one of the largest multinational firm which is handle by manager for the
business development as well as profitability. Its manger has appropriate management skills and
qualification in context of employees improvement and leadership capabilities. So, some
approaches of manger and its strength as well as weakness are explained below:
Contingency approach:
This approach is also called the situational approach that is based on situation and
performance of people (Rahman and et.al., 2015). In Tesco, manager apply this theory as it is
considered as the most appropriate management style, based on situation which are preferring
inflexible and rigid of activities.
Strength:
 It assists manager to find out each employee potential and then assigned task as per that.
 This supplies data on leadership style which aids to build leading profiles for human
resource planning.
Weakness:
 This do not facilitate accurate as well as adequate action that can be taken under various
situation.
 It is generally reactive in nature which suggests what manager and leaders can perform
into provided situation.
Trait approach:
Trait approach basically concentrate on the traits of leader not on followers. Through this
leaders are identify with the assistance of proper attribute which is essential for enterprise to
become organisational leaders.
Strength:
 It set a appropriate benchmark for the needs of its leader.

 It facilitates a detailed understanding as well as knowledge about the elements of leader
into leadership process (Saieva, 2013).
Weakness:
 It can not able to predict the future behaviour of people.
 In this there is no set of rules and guidelines in order to modify the trait of leaders.
5. Roles and duties of management in organisation
Roles as well as responsibilities are the particular task of any people or member which
are supposed to accomplished as the functions of their roles. Management plays a crucial role
within company in order to attain the goals of business by improving structure, encouraging
workers and developing strategies. Manager of Tesco understand its roles and responsibilities
well to enhance profitability and productivity. Some of them are mentioned below:
Maintain structure: In Tesco, management maintain as well as develop the structure of
company that assists in improving efficiency and productivity of business. Herein, manager
required to show the horizontal and vertical relations among various departments. Also, it have
to maintain the outsider relationship that is with consumers, partners of business, workers of firm
and many more (Viveros Gunckeland et.al., 2016).
Communicate with employees: Communication is most important role for management
within organisation. This is the responsibility of Tesco manager to share the vision of firm with
workers clearly through communication. Workers usually consider those vision that facilitate
advantage in financial term like profit earning, producing good quality goods etc. all these
process are performed only with the assistance of communication. Therefore, it is the duty of
managers to communicate the Tesco vision between employees effectively so that they perform
accordingly.
6 Real occasion , role of management that follow theories and models of management
Alex Ferguson who is the known as the football team manager. Also, the player that
manages Manchester United from year 1986 to 2013 and it has good knowledge as well as skills
of management. He is the one who has confidence in themselves, effective communication skills,
team development skills and many more. All these skills are to be available in manager for
effectual management that assists company to accomplish its goals of business.

Management theory: Alex Ferguson comply the system management theory which
assists him to motivate and manage their team. It is the theory through it strategies are set to
accomplish organisational as well as team objectives (Wen and et.al., 2013).
Role of this individuals into management is excellence and another will obey their style
of management for business effectiveness. Alex Ferguson is the one who plays crucial role in its
team and at retirement, it become team manager. It manages all work of team effectually and
handle their members. As many problems come into the path of Alex Ferguson but as a manager
it handle whole situation successfully.
7 Theory of leadership style applied by the manager
Alex Ferguson is a called the Scottish former of football player as well as handle the
Manchester as good leader. It follow the great man theory as he is self confident and always
believes on their own style of leadership and leads whole members of the team. Great man
theory assists him to treat all of them in business with respects and feel them valuable, well
performing group and also handle the. This type of leadership theory aids in significance the
manager jobs by encouraging their employees and team also awarding them as per its
performance (Wu and et.al., 2015).
8 Discuss the type of transformation process
Transformational process involves the stimulation of resources like physical efforts as
well as production for customers. If firm faces any kinds of operational problems then this
process assists organisation to develop as well as operates its operational task smoothly. Tesco
obey transformation process when any issues comes at the time of doing its responsibilities. This
involves different kinds of transformational process that mentioned below: Production: This consider those firm that manufacture products for the usage of
customers. It is the process that involve the initiation of physical goods like car etc. Transport: This includes the methods of moving products and consumers from one place
to others with the help of transport services. Usually services such as taxi, van etc. are
included in this type of process. Supply: In this transformation process, ownership of products will be modify after selling
for example good retailing (Zhang, Shah and Papageorgiou, 2013).

 Services: At this kinds of process, customers take many services by the service provider.
For example: Organisation facilitate service like customer care service to resolve their
problems.
Therefore, Tesco comply the supply transformational process as this facilitates retail
services to its clients. In this products ownership change after buying the goods of Tesco.
9 Impact of Capacity Management in the organisation
Capacity management assists company to accomplish their recent as well as upcoming
needs of information technology resources. It is a part of Information Technology Infrastructure
Library service delivery. Also, it is considered as a proactive management techniques. It effects
the company in cost reduction, develop capability of task and minimise the risk by facilitating
peak need.
In Tesco, management face problems that is affiliated with information technology
department because of unmatch information of supply with demand. It is observed that products
wastage is maximise due to this demand and supply are not able to match. Thus, manager
develop a strategies as well as try to consider them so that their productivity and efficiency
enhances. Also, manager adapt Just In Time approach in order to minimise the product wastage
during the time of supply. For this manager required to examine the recent demand and then
make decisions for future. Capacity management also aids Tesco to minimise the risk by
examining the previous performance (Zsigraiova, Semiao and Beijoco, 2013).
10 Recommendation to the management for the future improvement
Tesco required to create a mobile application that facilitate a appropriate guideline
regarding the goods and where it is kept in stores. As most of the consumers waste its time in
identifying products which they want.
Superfast delivery option assists Tesco to enhance its sales and attract more numbers of
consumers. Organisation facilitates option of home delivery to its clients so the development in
this services aids them to become more popular in all over world.
Therefore, firm required to consider the above recommendation for upcoming
development. It will assists Tesco to enhance its sales in future and gain new consumers. All
these recommendation obey by the manager for effective performance that maximises the
organisational profit.

CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion it has been concluded that in management and operations are
internal part of an organisation. There are a leader and a manager can play their essential role to
improve performance of an organisation. Different leadership approaches and styles to help in
decision making process. A manager can apply different methods for effective management like
capacity management and total quality management. According to company change their roles
and responsibilities in transformation process.

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<https://www.toolshero.com/management/management-by-objectives-drucker/>