Comparison between Leaders and Managers

This document discusses the comparison between leaders and managers, their roles in the company, different theories of leadership, and how leaders and managers can improve management and its efficiencies. It also includes a Pestle Analysis of Marks & Spencer.

MANAGEMENT
OPERATIONS

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P 1 comparison between leaders and managers...........................................................................3
M 1 analyze and differentiate the role of leader and function of manager..................................3
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................3
P 2 roles of leader and functions of manager applied in situations that are different..................3
P 3 different theories of leadership..............................................................................................5
M 2 strength and weakness of different approaches to situations...............................................6
D 1 analyze and evaluate different theories of leadership...........................................................6
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................6
P 4 key approaches to operation management and role that is played by the leaders and
managers of the company............................................................................................................6
P 5 Importance and value of management of operations.............................................................7
M 3 leaders and managers can improve management and its efficiencies..................................9
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................9
P 6 Pestle Analysis of Marks & Spencer.....................................................................................9
M 4 factors affecting the environment of business....................................................................10
D 2 factors of operations management and there impact on the environment of business.......11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Operations management is chiefly concerned with planning, organizing and supervising in the
contexts of production, manufacturing or the provision of services. As such, it is delivery-
focused, ensuring that an organization successfully turns inputs to outputs in an efficient manner.
Marks and Spencer is a major British multinational retailer with headquarters in London,
England, that specializes in selling clothing, home products and food products. This report
contains topics such as comparison of leaders and managers, their roles in the company. different
theories, approaches and external analysis of the environment (Nair and Reed‐Tsochas, 2019).
LO 1
P 1 comparison between leaders and managers
Basis Leaders Managers
Definition They have the skill to motivate their
employees and influence them by
communication so that they can help
the company to achieve their goals
and objectives.
Manager is set to keep a check on the
duties and the roles of the staff so that
they can assess the factors of risk and
control the outcome of the situation.
Risk Leaders of the company takes risk in
order to try out new things in order to
achieve success in different areas.
Managers of the company assess the
involvement of risk in the situation so
that risk can be minimized (Majukwa
and Haddud, 2016).
M 1 analyze and differentiate the role of leader and function of manager.
Leader sets the vision whereas manager of the company has to make sure that everyone follows
the vision set by the leaders.

LO 2
P 2 roles of leader and functions of manager applied in situations that are different
The role that both leaders and the managers of the company plays is essential their style
of work is different from each other and they assess the situation according to its impact and
intensity. Marks & Spencer is British originated company who offers varieties and different
kinds of products to their consumers. It is the style of working of leaders and managers that help
the company to take control over the impact of the situations (Chan and et.al., 2017).
Turnover of labor-
This aspect is concerned with the power of employee retention of the company. this
factor can affect any nature of business which is why it is necessary to take extra care in order to
prevent the company from these measures. If the company wants to gain the benefit of
competitive advantage then they need to come up with a strategy which helps them against this
measure. If by any chance company deals with this aspect more than usual then it will lead to
more problems for the company such as affecting the image of the brand, quality of goods
produced getting affected. For taking control over these measures and introducing measures to
fight against this aspect leaders and managers of Marks & Spencer use their style of management
through which they are able to resolve the issue and take control of the situation. Leaders of the
company state that style of management is chosen on the basis of the condition of the situation so
that it can be easily solved and they can improve the quality of products offered. They give
support to their employees so that they feel motivated. This way errors are reduced in work and
confidence is boosted. Strategies such as rewarding them on the basis of their performance is
introduced.
Conflict between employees-
There are many reasons and sometimes many of them are unreasonable which gets the
employees into a conflict. For instance miscommunication, confusion in work related aspects and
issues regarding discrimination leads to this aspect. In order to reduce the level of conflicts the
leaders of the company sets up a team so that they learn to work with each other. They believe
that by interacting with each other this will be over between them.
Level of productivity-

This aspect is concerned with meeting the expected goals of the company. This aspect is
necessary to resolve so that they can reach their expected goals. It is necessary that they
introduce and make it mandatory for everyone to enroll a training program so that employees are
able to enhance and work on improving the measures which helps them to take control over
achieving the objectives.
P 3 different theories of leadership
Leadership theories helps the leaders of the company to work under a set of guidelines
and follow the protocols which is beneficial for the company.
Situational leadership-
This aspects calls for the style of leadership and it varies according to what the situation
expects and demands from the management of the company. There are many styles which they
can follow such as transformational, autocratic or democratic whichever of them fits the best on
the basis of situation assessed. It is necessary to have the trust of the employees of the company
in order to make this form of leadership successful. The negative factor of this theory is that it is
viable only for short term methods and accommodate only for the time being.
System leadership-
This theory works on the belief of interdisciplinary measures. It involves making the
environment of work free and its culture friendly. This way it will allow employees working in
different departments of the company to work together. The motive of this aspect is to work to
enhance the level of coordination and cooperation of workers. It helps to work according to the
changes of trends so that they can goals and objectives can be achieved. There are criteria and
conditions which needs to be met in order to make this strategy effective. This is because it takes
time to implement the system and for the companies such as Marks & Spencer this aspect is not
suitable because they maintain their operations a large scale (Hudson, Dotson and Maier, 2018).
Contingency leadership-
This theory believes that in order to be work effectively the style of leadership must
comply with the situation effectively. This theory also believes that changing the style of
leadership according to the situation is best because they believe that no one situation can

accommodate in every situation. A leader of the company will be considered as contingently
effective when they can accommodate their style on the basis of every situation. In order to be
successful it is necessary that the leaders possess these qualities and abilities. This theory is
beneficial because the outcome of it can be taken out easily. Also managers are able to take
decisions easily. On the other hand it takes a lot of time and many of the companies are against
this theory.
In last leaders of Marks & Spencer has to assess the style of leadership against the
situation they are in.
M 2 strength and weakness of different approaches to situations
Leaders and managers of the company have their own strengths and weaknesses but all
on basically they have to allocate the strength in the right area and find a way to overcome their
weakness which may mark the success of the company.
D 1 analyze and evaluate different theories of leadership
According to the evaluation and the detail analysis of contingent theory it has been
proven that no one style of leadership is suitable for every situation which is the reason why
leaders have to assess the situation and then implement the forces of theory.
LO 3
P 4 key approaches to operation management and role that is played by the leaders and
managers of the company
Six Sigma-
This aspect states that it is necessary to work with a set of tools that are fix as this will
help Marks & Spencer to improve their structure. This has helped the company to improve the
lot of their products. This also helps the company to assess the defects in the stage of
manufacturing so that they can decrease the level of factors affects the variability of the product.
The approach of this method is taken out on a statistical outcome and quality of the products are
also managed through it. Planning is done to execute the steps and with patience the value is
attained which helps them to achieve their target. For instance working on reducing carbon or
pollution which will help them to save the cost on making the finished product. They can past

this cost to consumers and they may get the product at less price which will help to increase the
level of satisfaction. Apart from it this model has another beneficial feature for the company and
that is to extract the most return possible from the goods they have manufactured and delivered.
It is necessary that the strategies are supported by the managers of the company. This way
decisions can be easily taken as strategies are easily assessed ongoing basis after the evaluation
which takes out the factor of assumptions.
Lean Manufacturing-
This aspect is concerned with reducing the level of wastage as least as possible by taking
in all the factors in mind such as maintaining the productivity. There are many steps that are
required in order to reduce the wastage. For instance work of labor needs to be managed and
their timings needs to be more flexible so that work of load can be reduced. Marks & Spencer
needs to keep in mind about the expectations of consumers and work according to that. The
concept of this approach works only on the basis of adding value to things. This aspect was
introduced by Toyota and because of its success many companies tries to implement this in their
culture (Magon and et.al., 2018).
Queuing theory-
This theory works on a mathematical approach and collect the statistics on the basis of
time spent of consumers for waiting in a line. This model will help companies such as Marks &
Spencer to predict the approximate time that is going to be spent in the line. This way company
will be able to make the network of distribution in a less complex manner so that they can meet
the point of equilibrium. Most of the people don’t waste their time if they see a big line ahead of
them. It is necessary that Marks & Spencer must analyze the behavior and consumption pattern
of people. These issues needs to be resolved as many of the retail stores of the company has large
no. of people waiting for them. If this is solved they will be able to serve more people.
The model of Six Sigma will help Marks & Spencer to remove the measures that are
faulty so that obstacles can be reduced and path to reach the goals and objectives is free and clear
(Mišić and Perakis, 2020).

P 5 Importance and value of management of operations
This aspect helps the company to make sure that by improving and increasing the
productivity of the company they can reach goals. If they are able to implement it successfully
then the image of the brand will reflect more in the market in a positive manner. There are some
methods which will help Marks & Spencer to do that (Gölzer and Fritzsche, 2017).
Total quality management-
This factor has a motive and that is to improve the quality of products in a timely manner
so that in the changing times needs and wants of consumer can be met. This approach states that
it is necessary that every employee helps to reach the goals irrespective of their position in the
company.
Just in time-
With the help of this strategy Marks & Spencer will be able to minimize the waste all
they need to do is use the raw materials in the right manner. The cost of the output produced can
also be decreased which is incurred in the stages of keeping the inventory. It is necessary to
maintain the stock. In order to maintain the right amount of stock it is necessary that they
evaluate the demand of the products and maintain the stock on the basis of that. It will help the
company when the demand increases or decreases. It is necessary to have efficient and effective
suppliers so that company can rely their operations on them. It is necessary to have skilled labors
so that company is able to maintain their productivity. The flow of operations is increased while
it reduces the level of production. Apart from this the difference of cost in the stages of
manufacturing is high as all of the elements which are not necessary is ruled out from the steps.
Cost of maintaining the inventory is also reduced. Although there is one negative factor of this
that if the suppliers does not have a powerful network then they won’t be able to provide
materials in a short or urgent span of time.
Kaizen-
This aspect is concerned with making the improvement of factors on a continuous basis.
This includes people irrespective of their position. For example they can be CEO or they can be a
labor. There are different sectors where this method is preferred such as healthcare, banking,

government etc. where this method is used. The reason behind the implementation of this factor
was Toyota introduced it and after their successful utilization of method it has become useful. It
will be beneficial for Marks & Spencer (De Roover, 2017).
M 3 leaders and managers can improve management and its efficiencies
Many of the theories are available such as lean manufacturing, six sigma and queuing
theory so that efficiencies of leaders and managers can be improved and they will be able to meet
their standards.
LO 4
P 6 Pestle Analysis of Marks & Spencer
Political Factors-
Marks & Spencer maintains the relation with the government and their organizations.
They believe that it will help them to keep their interest safe. They respond to the queries of
government and they get full support from them because of their brand image and their way of
trading. The business of the company gets affected because of the instability of politics and the
taxes. The reason behind this is that if they impose a high return on tax regulations then the price
of the products will be more. This will leave a negative reflection on consumers which will affect
the sales of the company (Littlefield and et.al., 2016).
Economic Factors-
These factors are concerned with the level of employment, rate of taxes, level of inflation
and the standard of living of people. UK is considered as one of the largest economies and the
rate of inflation in the country is low. These factors are creating difficulties for the company as
the current condition of economy is not good which leaves less disposable income in the hands
of consumers and being a high end brand it is affecting the sales of the company. This has led to
firing of many employees as because of recession they are not able to clear the salaries of the
company.
Social Factors-

The purchases made by consumers are solely based on their culture, psychological
behavior, social and personal issues. Due to immense competition that the company is facing and
the changing trends is affecting the business of the company. In order to compete with small and
local businesses they need to sell their products on the basis of demographics so that they can
target the right type of audience suitable for the brand. In order to increase their sales company
started accepting payments from credit cards.
Technological Factors-
In order to keep up with these factors they have announced that they will come up with a
program that is technology transformation program which will help the company to digitally
transform their business and they will be the first one to do that. This way they will be able to
deliver a diversified level of customer experience. In order to adopt new methods they are
working on a new operating model of technology. Marks & Spencer considers this aspect as a
important and useful measure as it helps them to deliver more flexible products.
Legal Factors-
These factors are concerned with following the rules and regulations of the country in
which the company is serving their base of operations. In order to serve under the protocols set
by the government they conduct a training program so that every employee is aware of the
protocols. The company grabbed the attention of media when it came to knowledge that they
were not able to protect their own employees and labor from the risk of asbestos. There have
been issues regarding this aspect for which company even had to fought cases in the court of law
and pay the fine to settle the offence. This affected the image of brand adversely in the market.
Environmental Factors-
This aspect is concerned with working in the compliance of the environment and to use
more of energy efficient sources in order to improve the sustainability. Marks & Spencer has
come up with a green policy so that they can work for the betterment of the environment. The
company is focusing on reducing the level of trans fat in food this will reduce the level of energy
used and add more value to the product. They are also working on the use of sustainable
practices (Machado and et.al., 2017).

M 4 factors affecting the environment of business
These factors helps the company to predict the upcoming situation and make their plans
and strategies ready so that no opportunity is missed by them which can lead them to achieve
growth in the market.
D 2 factors of operations management and there impact on the environment of business
The factors which works under the management of operations states that they need to
keep improving on continuous basis as this way they will be able to meet with the demand of the
market and needs and wants of consumers.
CONCLUSION
From the above studies it has been concluded that leaders and managers of Marks & Spencer
need to coordinate with each other so that they can make strategies that are effective and take the
full use of theories such as six sigma and total quality management through which they can reach
the objectives of the company.

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Machado, C.G., and et.al., 2017. Framing maturity based on sustainable operations management
principles. International Journal of Production Economics, 190, pp.3-21.
De Roover, R., 2017. The Medici Bank: its organization, management, operations, and decline.
Pickle Partners Publishing.
Mišić, V.V. and Perakis, G., 2020. Data analytics in operations management: A
review. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 22(1), pp.158-169.
Magon, R.B., and et.al., 2018. Sustainability and performance in operations management
research. Journal of cleaner production, 190, pp.104-117.
Nair, A. and Reed‐Tsochas, F., 2019. Revisiting the complex adaptive systems paradigm: leading
perspectives for researching operations and supply chain management issues. Journal of
Operations Management, 65(2), pp.80-92.
Hudson, N.L., Dotson, G.S. and Maier, A., 2018. The Dermal Exposure Risk Management and
Logic eTookit: Characterizing and managing dermal exposure during emergency
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Chan, H.K., and et.al., 2017. The role of social media data in operations and production
management. International Journal of Production Research, 55(17), pp.5027-5036.
Majukwa, D. and Haddud, A., 2016. Operations management impact on achieving strategic fit: A
case from the retail sector in Zimbabwe. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), p.1189478.
Littlefield, D.A., and et.al., 2016. Data recovery operations, such as recovery from modified
network data management protocol data. U.S. Patent 9,244,779.
Gölzer, P. and Fritzsche, A., 2017. Data-driven operations management: organisational
implications of the digital transformation in industrial practice. Production Planning &
Control, 28(16), pp.1332-1343.