Role and Functions of Leader and Manager in Different Business Situations

This article discusses the role and functions of leaders and managers in different business situations. It also explores various leadership theories and their application in different contexts. Additionally, it examines the key approaches and concepts of operations management and their importance in achieving business objectives.

MANAGEMENT
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Role and Functions of leader and manager in different business situations...........................3
P3 Application of different leadership theories...........................................................................5
M3 Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different leadership approaches.............................6
D2 Critically analyse and evaluate the different theories and approaches to leadership in given
contexts........................................................................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P4 Key approaches and concepts of Operations Managment......................................................7
P5 Importance of Operations Management in accomplishing business objectives.....................8
M3 Evaluation of improving efficiencies of operational management.......................................9
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P6 Various external factors that influence decision making of leaders and managers................9
M4 Assessment of External Factors which affect business environment and community........10
D2 Evaluation of operation management and its impact on business environment..................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Operations management implies to a process of administering and aligning business
practices in best possible manner with purpose of achieving high quality effectiveness and
efficiency (Operations Management, 2020). This areas of organisation covers management of
raw material, machinery, tools, labour in order to produce best quality products and service for
earning higher profits. It includes various stages such as planning, organising, and controlling
which consider continuous improvements to increase productivity and profitability. Starbucks is
one of leading American coffee organisation and owns numerous coffee house chains. Company
has its headquarters in Seattle, Washington. At present, company owns and operates its business
at more than 30,000 locations across world. Organisation deals in producing and serving high
quality coffee in different varieties to its worldwide customers. Its product portfolio includes
coffee beverages, cold smoothies, tea, baked food items, sandwiches and other products. In
addition to this, Starbucks has employed approx 290000+ employees. This report contains
information regarding role and functions of leader in different business situations. Along with
different concepts of leaderships that is undertaken by leaders. Further, report exhibits various
approaches of operations managements and its importance in achieving business objectives.
TASK 2
P2 Role and Functions of leader and manager in different business situations.
Every large or small business organisation has to face various situations arises due to
external and internal forces. There are number of business situations which create different
challenges and conditions in front of business leaders and managers. These conditions creates
various opportunities and threats for organisation that must be assess by management in order to
formulate strategies accordingly (Slack, 2018). These situations influence behaviour and attitude
of workforces negatively and positively which has to be handle carefully by leaders and
managers in order to keep them inclined towards operational goals. Starbucks is one of leading
corporations which work with large pool of employees every day. Many situations occurs in
front of management which are explained below:
1. New Technology: Starbucks operates its business on large scale and company has to
work according to technology prevailing in market. In order to keep its quality level high
and prominent company is planning to introduce new technique of manufacturing in

terms of new machinery, equipment, method of processing at workplace. Main aim of
taking such decision is to enhance production process and enhance sales outcomes. This
create a challenge in front of leaders and managers as workers are getting reluctant as
they do not want to adapt new technology. As result, it hamper company’s productivity
and profitability.
Role of leader: in such situations, Starbucks leader can act as motivator and mentor in
order to motivate its subordinate regarding new technology. Leader required
communicating with them about benefits associated with this decision. Leader can
motivate by telling its workforce about higher earnings and increments. Also, leader can
behave as mentor and resolve issues as well as problems face by workers while operating
with new machineries (Spandre and et. al., 2016).
Function of Manager: in such condition, prime function of manager is to plan about
what and how many machineries, equipments; safety tools are going to be required to
implement new technology. Secondly, managers can organise training and development
programs for its workers in order to enhance their skills and knowledge. So that it can be
easy for them to work with new technology.
2. Conflict Management: Starbucks is large organisation which employs and works with
different number of employees. Each employee has its own perception, attitude, working
style, thinking process towards organisation’s process and objectives. This create
sometime situation of conflicts and disputes between workers, top management and
employees which leads to higher labour turnover and hamper business productivity as
well as brand image (Haimelin and et. al., 2017).
Role of Leader: in such situation, leader required to cultivate sustainable working
environment through which they can built and inspire trust between employees, establish
healthy relationships. Leader required to identifying core reason of disputes and choosing
its leadership style and conflict resolution methods accordingly.
Functions of Manager: in such situations, prime function of manager is to set complaint
and problem department so that workers can express their issues which they are facing at
workplace. Also, manager required to understand perception of its employees and
formulate policies to satisfy their requirements.

P3 Application of different leadership theories.
Leadership theories refers various models or frameworks which are carried out by leaders
in order to lead and influence behaviour as well as efforts of its subordinates towards common
goals. These theories focus on various traits that are present in leaders which create ability to
guide individuals, teams (Liu and et. al., 2016). These theories include various factors which
provide support to effective leadership. Each concept has its own strength and weakness that
required to be consider by leaders before choosing such concepts.
 Situational theory: implies of different leadership style that acquired by leader
according to situation in order to enhance development of its subordinates and teams.
This concept of leadership states that there is no single leadership style is best as it
wholly rely on circumstances that what type of style going to best suitable for activities.
there are four prime styles that can be carried out by leader such as directing,
participating, supportive, delegating.. In case of Starbucks, leaders can carried out this
leadership concept depending upon requirements of teams and their strategies. Also, with
this leaders can able to work on basis of prevailing changes effectively and efficiently.
 Contingency theory: refers that effectiveness of leader’s ability is chiefly depend upon
how much their leadership style matches or interrelated with situation. This theory justify
that leaders required to identify what type of leadership style will going to prospers in
particular situation. This leadership concept suggest that there is no fine way to keep
whole company organised and managed. It states that different course of actions are
contingent upon intrinsic and extrinsic conditions of organisation. In case of Starbucks,
leaders can adopt this concept in order to build effective interpersonal relationships in
order show concern for teams and subordinates (Artikis and Artikis, 2015). Through this
leaders can provide effective structure by giving role assignment, planning to make sure
that goals are accomplished on time.
 System theory: implies that through this concept leaders can able to cultivate such
conditions which enables people to work at their high potential. This theory make use of
effective principles associated with human behaviour in order to make models of better
leaderships, strategies, systems design and social process. In case of Starbucks, through
this concept leaders can able to determine its subordinates behaviour within organisation.

Also, it enables them to establish effective system that enhance their productivity level
and skills.
 Transformational Theory: refers to framework in which leaders coordinate and works
with teams in order to identify required change. Through this they generate vision in
order to direct change by inspiring its team members. This model includes four stages
such as inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, idealized influence,
individualized consideration. In case of Starbucks, through this theory leaders can show
their interpersonal skills and charisma. Through this they can make inspired teams and
enhance overall performance of organisation (Heizer, 2016).
M3 Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different leadership approaches.
Every leadership style has its own advantages and disadvantages that might impact
negatively and positively over leaders decisions and its subordinates. Situational theory:
Strength is that leader select can style according to needs and requirement of teams as well as
successfully sustain balance within organisation. Weakness sometime it create a state of
confusion in mind of subordinates as leader frequently change style of leadership. Contingency
theory: benefit is that leaders can improvise their decision making skills and it allows them to
change policies according to situational change. Drawback that it is complex in nature as it
cannot be applied frequently in practical situation. System theory: advantage is that it increases
productivity and boost up morale of employees. Disadvantage is that it might create conflicts
situations between employees and delay in performing task. Transformational theory:
advantage is that through this company can able to retain its potential employees and new visions
can be formulated. Disadvantages this theory might develop negative outcomes as well.
D2 Critically analyse and evaluate the different theories and approaches to leadership in given
contexts.
From above discussion, it is understandable that leaders and managers required to analyse
each leadership theories as they have their own strengths and weaknesses. It is important for
them to have complete knowledge before selecting suitable leadership style. Starbucks leaders
can make use of situational leadership theory as company has its stores in various regions,
countries where different people are employed. So it can be easy for leader to act and choose
leadership style according to situation and able to cater their different requirements (Guertault
and et. al., 2018).

TASK 3
P4 Key approaches and concepts of Operations Managment.
Operation management is wide area of business administration which has various
different approaches and concepts that are undertaken by every firm. Operation Management
concepts encompasses of different set of course of actions or practices that business enterprises
carry out to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of manufacturing process (Chiarini, 2015).
Each approach has a responsibility for continuous improvement in terms of using least amount of
resources and time. It includes Business process redesign, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, total
quality management so on. Some of them are explained below with role of leaders and managers
in each approach.
 Total Quality Management: this approach refers to on-going process of identifying or
detecting and eliminating errors or non-valuable activities in order to enhance customer
experience. This approach is highly concerned about each employee required to be
involve in production process with purpose of providing high quality of final product and
services. This framework is majorly emphasise on improvising overall organisational
performance by enhancing it outputs and continual improvement of intrinsic practices.
Although, this approach is highly customer-oriented as it suggest that long term success
and survival of an organisation based on high level of customer satisfaction (Meredith
and Shafer, 2019). Starbucks corporation has strong structure of total quality
management in which company emphasis on quality of its service that enhance
satisfaction level of customers and their health.
Role of leader: Starbucks leader can establish and maintain healthy internal environment
at workplace to ensure that everyone is participating in organisational activities. Leaders
can make use of reward base performance so that employees get motivated and give their
100% efforts in improving quality. Leader required to establish effective vision
encourages behaviour of its subordinates.
Role of manager: Starbucks manager can act as facilitator by which they needs to ensure
that all required resources must be available at workplace. Also, managers can organise
time to time learning programs to enhance interpersonal and technical skills of employees
so that they can properly attend consumers and enhance their experience (Greene,
EKMK LLC, 2016).

 Lean Management: this approach refers to process of continuous improvements through
minimizing unnecessary wastage of resources and maximising customer satisfaction by
adding value to products and services. This approach is also focuses on enhancing quality
of product through on-going improvements. This mechanism includes various techniques
which remove those factors that create wastage of time, effort and money. It refers to
procedure of enhancing quality of products, services and production process for purpose
of increasing efficiency and effectiveness. Starbucks make use of lean techniques in order
to reduce delivery time of products to customers, removing waste without compromising
value and customer experience (Hübner, Holzapfel and Kuhn, 2015).
Role of leader: Starbucks leader can create an environment of standardise work so that
employees can think and process critically in order to participate any tasks. Leader can
act as motivator and mentor to prompt its workforce to take initiatives in enhancing
production process.
Role of manager: Starbucks manager can create culture within organisation so that each
employees take responsibility and initiative to provide effective solution to problems and
enhance its working. Manager must create powerful vision which inspire its employees
behaviour to accomplish objectives.
P5 Importance of Operations Management in accomplishing business objectives.
Operation Management plays a significant role for organisation in order to achieve
various long term and short term business objectives. It is a vital element of production operation
which is why operations approaches are undertaken by business enterprises. This concept helps
in accomplishment of objectives effectively and efficiently by continual improvements in
process and systems. Sole aim of operation manager is to make sure that products and services
are delivered on time to end-user and inputs are converted in final output in best possible
manner. Starbucks has effective management of operations which enables company to achieve
all its objectives in efficient way with efficacy. Some objective of Starbucks are explained
below:
 Product Quality: operations management is highly useful in enhancing quality of
product and services by implementing total quality and just-in-time approach. This
enables company to detect such factors which are adding no value to production process
(Choi, Cheng and Zhao, 2016). With help of quality management process company can

sustain reliability and durability of its product and can able to effectively meet out all
orders on deadlines.
 Increased profits: management of operations concepts and principles are useful in
increasing productivity and profitability of organisations. If company produce quality
product and experience to its end-user than it will automatically increase its reputation
and market share. By implementing lean management approach and six sigma company
can effectively analyse all its scarce resources and improve its manufacturing process
(Ivanov, Tsipoulanidis and Schönberger, 2017).
 Customer satisfaction: customers are valuable key for maximum sales, production and
overall success of organisation. Starbucks has objective of increasing customer
satisfaction and experience of its potential customer. Operation management enables
company to offer quality product and make sure that their requirements are fulfilled on
time. Moreover this system provides unique techniques with purpose of producing
desired consumer products.
M3 Evaluation of improving efficiencies of operational management.
Starbucks leaders and managers can successfully enhance efficiencies of operational
management by ensuring that entire functions are working according to set standards. Leaders
and managers both are accountable for implementing various approaches effectively and
efficiently in order to attain visionary and missionary goals of organisation. They can set weekly
goals for their workers so that they keep them heightened and motivated towards completing all
tasks and activities. Moreover, managers and leaders can organise various learning and
development programs to enhance skills of workers. Management required to take effective
decisions according to change. These course of actions will improvise effectiveness of firm and
can able to accomplish all business goals (Grant, Trautrims and Wong, 2017).
TASK 4
P6 Various external factors that influence decision making of leaders and managers.
Every organisation regulates or run its business around dynamic external environment
which has ability of influencing its operations and functions. It refers to those factors which exist
outside of company over which it has no control. Starbucks Leaders and mangers required to

consider effect of these particular forces as it affects their decision making process. Such factors
are discuss below:
 Political: these factors are associated with government interventions and political
stability of country. UK has instable political environment due to Brexit this impact
adversely over decisions of leaders and managers (Kato and et. al., 2015). Leaders are
one who predict future and managers arrange and manages resources. Unstable policies
will definitely influence working environment of Starbucks.
 Economical: these factors are related to country GDP, consumption level, consumer
income etc. UK has open and strong economy which influence decisions of leaders and
managers as they have to take decisions according to prevailing economic conditions.
 Social: these factors are associated with market trends and changing taste and preferences
of people. UK has diversified social culture and every day something new trends
emerged. Leaders and managers are required to evaluate market trends regularly so that
they can formulate decisions and strategies in order to bring success of Starbucks.
 Technological: these factors are associated with new techniques of productions and
emergence of new advanced machines and equipment in market. Leaders and managers
must adopt such changes for smooth and effective functioning of business enterprises.
these factors influence day to day decisions as they have to handle entire workforce.
M4 Assessment of External Factors which affect business environment and community.
These factors affect whole internal environment of business and immense impact on
society as whole. These forces re dynamic in nature and fluctuate on daily basis that affect
internal operations and decisions of business enterprise. Leader and managers has accountability
to examine these factors before taking any decisions and formulating policies. Leaders have
responsibility to analyse future trends and risk present in target market. Moreover, Managers has
to take care of resources and allocate same in efficient manner in order to meet out demands of
stakeholders and customers. Also, for purpose of achieving mission objectives company required
to regularly assess these factors (Guertault and et. al., 2018).
D2 Evaluation of operation management and its impact on business environment.
There are different approaches and application associated with operations management as
well as forces has favourable and unfavourable impact over environment of business. Such
factors are related to cost of production, quality, scarce resources, employee behaviour which are

need to be consider and evaluate properly in order to formulate effective strategies which result
in accomplishment of objectives of Starbucks. These applications and factors enables
organisation to create and sustain its competitive edge in target market and provide high
customer’s satisfaction. Low quality product with high cost can reduce loyal and potential
customers (Spandre and et. al., 2016).
CONCLUSION
From above research report, it can be concluded that operation management is wide field
of business as it involve various principles, strategies and approaches which enables firm to
produce high quality products and services to its potential customers. Management of operations
is chiefly plays a significant role in continuous improvement of production process in terms of
eliminating those activities which are not creating any value for firm. Moreover, it justify wide
role of leader and functions of managers in different business situations and enables them to
strategize in a way to keep workforce aligned and focus. With sustainable operational practices
company can able to achieve its competitive edge and survive for longer period of time.

REFERENCES
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