Improving Organisational Performance

The assignment delves into the relationship between management theories and organizational effectiveness. It argues that organizations must adapt their working structures to achieve targets and objectives. The importance of employee training, incentives, and leadership styles is emphasized as crucial factors in driving performance, reducing turnover, and enhancing customer satisfaction. The document draws upon various management theories, including McGregor's Theory X and Y, resource dependence theory, and adaptive management principles.

INTRODUCTION TO
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Analysis of the individual problem..................................................................................................1
Problem identification.................................................................................................................1
Solving the problem....................................................................................................................2
Management Theories.................................................................................................................3
Management Principles...............................................................................................................4
Problem from management and operational perspective ...........................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Management is the combination of various activities done in the organisation for the
achievement of organisational goals and objectives. These activities includes- planning,
organising, controlling and directing. The major function of management in business is to make
optimum utilization of resources in the effective and efficient manner. Improper management
will directly lead to dis balance in the working activities of the organisation. And the business
might also suffer loss. It is the duty of the organisation to maintain proper working environment
so that the problem of duplication of work is avoided(Anheier, 2014). As this will also lead to
demotivation among the employees of the organisation. Proper management in the organisation
will also help in achieving the competitive advantage in the market for longer period of time.
The organisation taken in this report is Imperial Hotel. The hotel is the group of various other
hotels. The project will be based on the problems faced by the hotel. These problems include
improper team work and inefficient use of IT in the operational activities of the hotel. There are
some major internal issues in the hotel which is affecting the business of the hotel. These internal
issues includes high employee turnover, negative working culture in the hotel, lack of
management and improper operating and controlling procedures. It is seen that the employees of
the hotel are not giving productive outcome. The management theories can be used by the Hotel
to achieve proper outcome in the front office department.
Analysis of the individual problem
Problem identification
The Imperial hotel must find out the major issues which is resulting in the functioning
and strategy formulation of the hotel. It is seen that the front office department of the hotel such
as conference & banqueting, reception and restaurant and bars are not working in the desirable
manner. There is lack of coordination in the department also there is inefficient use IT system
for booking, reservation and property management. As the front office department is one of the
main department in every hotel(Davis and Adam Cobb, 2010). So its functioning must be in a
adequate and desirable manner. The services are directly offered by the front office to its
customers and if the customers are not satisfied with the services the hotel might suffer loss. It is
seen that proper data is not maintained by the department regarding the arrival and departure of
guests . This is directly increasing the chances of miscommunication and conflicts among the
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other departments of the hotel. The working of the housekeeping department is also affected
because the reception staff is failing in providing the data regarding the arrival of the guests. Due
to this the guests have to wait for a long period of time. The conference and banqueting staff of
the hotel is also unable to make proper arrangements for the meeting and conferences. As the
exact number of guests are given to the staff(Dugan and Komives, 2011). So it is seen that one
department is affecting the work of the other departments as all the departments of the hotel are
inter- related to one another.
Solving the problem
The problems in the hotel can be solved by the management using appropriate
management theories. As these theories will help the new manager of the hotel in taking best
decisions for the functioning of the hotel. The management needs to make some necessary
changes in the plans and strategies of the front office department. And the IT system also needs
to be updated by the manager. So that proper services are offered to the customers without
wasting their precious time. If adequate plans are made for the future course of action than the
hotel will be able to attract more and more customers. As the services of the hotel will be
improved and the financial condition of the hotel will be stable. Making some major changes in
the activities of the hotel will also increase the productivity and performance of the hotel. As the
morale of the staff will be improved and they will have sense of belongingness towards the hotel.
This will solve the problem of employee turnover and absenteeism in Imperial hotel. The
manager of hotel can make use of Tuckman theory for making the team more effective and
productive. The theory is discussed below-
Forming- In this stage the team is actually formed and the goals and objectives of the
team are conveyed to the members of the team. The manager of Imperial hotel needs to convey
the importance of front office to the members of the team(Grint and et. al., 2016).
Storming- Under this stage the trust among the members of the team are build. The head
of the department needs to build healthy relationship with its subordinates. So that work can be
done efficiently.
Norming- In this stage the team starts performing to achieve the goals and objectives of
the organisation. The front office department can motivate its team members to take flexible
decisions for the working of the team.
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Forming- In this stage the major goals of the team are achieved by the team members.
The staff members of the hotel will will the new manager in achieving the goals and providing
maximum satisfaction to the customers.
The manager of Imperial hotel needs to provide guidance to the staff members. So that they can
improve their performance.
Management Theories
The manager of Imperial Hotel can use the following management theories to improve
the work in the organisation. The theories are discussed below-
Theory X and Theory Y -
Source: McGregor x and y theory, 2017
The theory X states that the negative points of the employees. This means the employees
will be less responsible in forming their duties. The employees of the hotel are less motivated.
Due to which the problem of employee turnover is rapidly increasing in the hotel. To solve this
problem the manager can provide rewards to the employees for the better work done(Head,
2011).
Theory Y stages that different individual have different needs and wants in the
organisation. This depends upon the priorities of the different individuals. The employees of
hotel will motivate themselves to perform better and to increase their productivity. If the job in
the hotel is satisfying the employees will stay for the longer period of time. They will be more
committed towards their job and also towards the hotel. As the employee will make use of their
skills and knowledge in the better manner.
So the management of the hotel can use this theory to motivate the staff members of the
organisation. As the different individual will get motivate with different factors. So the
management must know the needs and wants of the employees. The focus can be emphasised on
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Illustration 1: McGregor x and y theory.

achieving those needs. By using this theory the skills and knowledge of the individual will be
enhanced and there will be rapid growth of the hotel(Waddock and et. al., 2010).
Mayo's Human Relation Theory
This theory focuses on maintaining proper and adequate relation between the superior
and subordinate of the organisation. The major focus of this theory is to ensure that the
employees of the hotel are satisfied with their work and they must be involved in the decision
making process of the hotel departments. This is because if it done than the employees will
automatically perform better and their productivity will be enhanced. If there is healthy relation
among the superior and subordinate in the hotel than this will directly promote coordination in
the activities of the hotel. The needs and demands of the employees and hotel can be easily
fulfilled by using this theory. The staff members of front office department will be highly
motivated to give their best outcome. This will directly result in improving the image of the hotel
in the market and will attract more and more customers. As the hotel will be able to provide
better and improved services to the customers. The conflicts and issues in the front office
department can be solved in the effective and efficient manner. This is because the manager will
be able to give better solutions to the problem(Reiman and et. al., 2015). Employees of the hotel
can also be tasked to take decisions regarding the activities of the hotel. The responsibility can be
easily delegated to the staff members of the hotel using this theory of motivation.
Management Principles
The following management principles can be used by the manager of the hotel to guide
and lead the staff members.
Division of work- According to this principle of management the work in the hotel must
be allotted based on the skills and knowledge of the individual in the department.
Unity of command- This principle states that the information in the hotel must be
transferred in the sequential manner. So that exact and appropriate information is received by the
housekeeping and conference& banqueting staff in the hotel.
Authority and responsibility- According to this the authority and responsibility must be
delegated to person who is capable in taking the decisions for the hotel. By using this the quality
of the service will be improved and the efficiency in the productivity can enhanced .
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Problem from management and operational perspective
The problems and conflicts in the operational activities of the hotel will directly give rise
to dissatisfaction among the customers. This because the hotel will not be able to plan and
implement the future course of action. Conflicts and issues in the hotel will directly lead to
employee turnover and absenteeism in the hotel(Schilling, 2010). Due to this the resources of the
hotel will not be able to used in the effective and efficient manner. If the management of the
hotel needs to control and manage the operational activities in desired manner than the changes
in the strategy formulation needs to be done by the new manager of Imperial hotel. If the
manager wants to make less errors in the operational activities than adequate leadership style can
be used to guide and lead people. The relationship between the superior and subordinate needs to
be improved by discussing the plans and solving the problems keeping in mind the views and
ideas of staff members of the front office department. To resolve the operational activities of the
hotel trainings can be given to the employees of the staff members. So that they are able to serve
better to their customers(Stead and Stead, 2017). Training will in increasing the skills of the
individual in Imperial hotel. The manager can also provide monetary benefits to the employees
who are performing better. By doing this the employees will motivate themselves to achieve the
desired targets in the effective and efficient manner(Zulch, 2014).
CONCLUSION
From the above given report it has been concluded that if the organisation wants to
achieve its targeted goals and objectives than changes needs to be made in the working structure
of the company. The employees of any organisation also plays a vital role in achieving and
maintaining the work balance. Proper training and incentives can be given to the employees to
motivate them to perform better. As these training will help in improving the skill and will
reduce the chances employee turnover. The superior of any organisation can use the management
principles and theories to guide its employees. And these theories will be beneficial in
overcoming the disputes and conflicts of the organisation. As the customers will be satisfied
because better services will be offered to them.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Anheier, H.K., 2014. Nonprofit organizations: Theory, management, policy. Routledge.
Davis, G.F. and Adam Cobb, J., 2010. Chapter 2 Resource dependence theory: Past and future.
In Stanford's organization theory renaissance, 1970–2000 (pp. 21-42). Emerald Group
Publishing Limited.
Dugan, J.P. and Komives, S.R., 2011. Leadership theories. The handbook for student leadership
development. pp.35-57.
Grint, K., and et. al., 2016. What is leadership. The Routledge companion to leadership. p.3.
Head, T.C., 2011. Douglas McGregor's legacy: lessons learned, lessons lost. Journal of
Management History. 17(2). pp.202-216.
Reiman, T., and et. al., 2015. Principles of adaptive management in complex safety–critical
organizations. Safety science. 71. pp.80-92.
Schilling, M.A., 2010. Strategic management of technological innovation. Tata McGraw-Hill
Education.
Stead, J.G. and Stead, W.E., 2017. Management for a small planet. Routledge.
Waddock, S., and et. al., 2010. The principles for responsible management education. Towards
assessing business ethics education. pp.13-28.
Zulch, B., 2014. Leadership communication in project management. Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences. 119. pp.172-181.
Online
McGregor x and y theory. 2017. [Available through]: <https://myventurepad.com/assumptions-
theory-x-theory-y//>
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