Human Resource Management and Leadership

The assignment discusses the importance of human resource management in organizations, highlighting key concepts such as performance management processes, employee reward strategies, and total quality management. It also explores leadership models, including the Guest Model of Human Resource Management and approaches to managing human capital. Additionally, it touches on enterprise resource planning (ERP) software and its role in organizational management.

MANAGING HUMAN
CAPITAL AND
LEADERSHIP

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1. HRM models and analyse the approaches of company to the management of its human
resources. ....................................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
1. Critically discuss the HR function of organisation and Recommendation. ...........................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
1. Evaluate Human Resource Management software programmes as well as there
effectiveness................................................................................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
1. Characteristics and models of effective leadership in an organisation.................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

ABSTRACT
Human Resource is one of the most essential department of company as it is the
backbone of company. It is the duty of human resource manager to recruit skilled and
knowledgeable employees in the organisation so that functions and operations of company can
run smoothly and successfully. Some models that are described are The Fombrun, Tichy and
Devanna Model, The Guest Model and The Warwick Model. There are various approaches of
Hilton Hotel to manage its human resources which are approaches Prioritize training and
mentoring, Attract Quality Talent, Soft and Hard Approach. There are various functions of
Human Resource Management that organisation plays in order to smooth working of company.
There are some function and their advantages which are Recruitment and Selection, Training and
Development, Motivation, Maintaining Good Working conditions and Managing Effective
Relationship with Employees. Recommendation are considered Strategic Vision, consider
demographics and effective training should be provided. Software's that HR managers of Hilton
Hotel is using are Enterprise resource planning (ERP), software, Database, Payroll Management
and Leave and Attendance Management. ERP is the best software for Hilton Hotel. Some
characteristics of leaders at Hilton Hotel is Developing good relationship, Leaders are motivated
person and Effective communication skill. There are various models of leadership these are
Autocratic Model of Leadership and Transactional Model.

INTRODUCTION
Human Resource is one of the most essential department of company as it is the
backbone of company. It is the duty of human resource manager to recruit skilled and
knowledgeable employees in the organisation so that functions and operations of company can
run smoothly and successfully. The roles played by human resource manager is very complex
and dynamic in company but it is the fundamental responsibility of them to understand the actual
meaning of effective Human Capital Management (HCM) (Snell, Morris and Bohlander, 2015).
In this present report, Hilton Hotel will be chosen for assessment. Hilton Hotel is one of the
biggest and the global brand of hotel in the world. It was founded in 1919 by Conrad Hilton. It
has more than 570 hotels across the world. This report will include various approaches of HRM
to manage workforce in the company. Addition to this, assignment will also discuss different
functions of HR manager of organisation.
TASK 1
1. HRM models and analyse the approaches of company to the management of its human
resources.
Humans are the backbone of company as without people none of the work in the
company can execute in an effective manner. Human resource department is one of the most
essential department in an organisation. The Human Resource management of Hilton Hotel is
also very effective and efficient as they are using some models of HRM to fulfil all the needs of
employees as well as company in perfect manner.
Here are some models that are described below-
The Fombrun, Tichy and Devanna Model- This is the traditional model of HRM which
is developed in 1984, as according to this model, the four models of human resource
management are interrelated to each other. The four functions are selection, appraisal, rewards
and development. These all are the fundamental functions of HR manager. This model stated
that, in an organisation, these four function should be performed to make effective department.
This model is used by the HRM team of Hilton Hotel; they perform all the functions in an
effective manner. Their selection process is very effective as they select the most skilled and
knowledgeable employees and as per the needs and requirements of the post. Addition to this,
appraisal system is also performed in Hilton Hotel once in a year and employees of Hilton is
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satisfied with appraisals (Arena and Uhl-Bien, 2016). Giving rewards to workers are also done
by HR manager of Hilton Hotel as the management used to give reward on performance basis on
quarterly basis. On the other hand, development of employee's is most crucial function that each
and every company should have performed. It is the desire of employee to grow more. The
management of human resource organize training and development programmes to enhance their
skills and knowledge of employee's. This is good model but it has some loopholes that it only
focus on four function of HRM and ignores all factors of environment and contingency that has
great impact on the function of HR.
The Guest Model- This model is developed by David Guest in 1997. David claims that
this is one of the most superior and the best model of HRM compare to all. This theory focus on
logical series of six elements which are strategy, practices of HR and outcomes of HR,
behavioural, performance as well as on financial consequences. According to David, the entire
financial results of company is depending of employee's performance and their performance is
depended on their behaviours. The behavioural outcomes are the results of employees’
commitment, flexibility and quality that is influenced by HR practice. Thus, it is resulted in
modification and alteration of strategies of human resource that are aligned with companies plan
of actions (Guest Models of Human Resource Management, 2017). This model is also used in
Hilton Hotel as the manager gives financial rewards to employees on their behavioural
performance. With the help of this model, the behaviour of employees is controlled and
managed.
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The Warwick Model- This is the theory related to Human resource management that
was developed by two researchers’ names as Pettigrew and Hendry. This model is having focus
on five factors which are macro and micro environment, business strategy as well as HRM
context and content. According to this model, there is a great impact of external and internal
factors on employee's performance as well as interaction between changes in both content and
context. The capability of this model is it easily helps in identifying as well as classifying
essential factors of environment that influenced human resource management. It maps
connection in between the environmental and macro elements and investigate how to make
changes in HRM context. This model is not used by HR team of Hilton Hotel but they should use
this theory in their operations and functions so that company can achieve effective growth and
performance as because this model helps in making alinement's in between environmental and
external factors.
There are various approaches of Hilton Hotel to manage its human resources which are as
follows-
Prioritize training and mentoring- Training programmes are most essential for to
manage the workforce in the organisation. By providing effective training the skills and
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Illustration 1: Guest Model of Human Resource Management
Source: (Guest Model of Human Resource Management, 2017)

knowledge of staff are enhanced. In order to grow and develop, companies used to invest on
training programmes. Apart from that, monitoring is also best in boosting the performance of
employee's. Training and development as well monitoring on performance are the best approach
of Hilton in order to manage its human resource (Mayo, 2016).
Attract Quality Talent- This is another approach of managing workforce of company.
HR manager should recruit and select talented and skilled employee's, so that quality of work can
be done. The staff of Hilton Hotel is very talented and it is only because of HR team. They do
not compromise or bias in selecting and recruiting employees.
Soft and Hard Approach- These are the two types of approach that organisation follows
in their operations and functions. Hard management means when company only focus on
requirements of business. In this type of approach employees are seen as employee's as resource
of company (Approaches of Human Resource Management, 2017). On the other hand, soft
management means the emotional requirements of employees are considered by company.
Motivation, roles and rewards are actually focused in this type of management. Hilton Hotel use
both the approaches of HRM in practices but they keep balance in between them.
TASK 2
1. Critically discuss the HR function of organisation and Recommendation.
There are various functions of Human Resource Management that organisation plays in
order to smooth working of company. Here is some function which are as follows-
Recruitment and Selection- This is the one of the most essential as well as fundamental
function of HRM. Recruitment is the procedure of captivating, screening and selecting qualified
people according to the needs of the post. It is the responsibilities of HR to recruit employees in
an organisation. Manager plan and device strategies for selecting suitable candidates. These
strategies are developed by identifying the needs of employees in the company (Shields and
et.al., 2015). Posting job, screening applicants, vacancies, conducting personal interviews,
providing guidance to managers on hiring decisions all are included in recruitment process. The
purpose of this process is to attract qualified candidates. It is very important to formulate
systematic plan for proper staffing before starting the function of recruitment. Estimation and
forecasting of workers in depend on the annual budget as well as long term and short term
objectives of company. The success of recruitment and selection process is evaluated by the
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vacancies they fill and time taken to fill those jobs. In developing effective, skilled and quality of
staff in organisation, HR manager plays a vital role. There are two types of recruitment which are
external and internal hiring. External recruitment means when company plan to fill the job
position by outsiders while internal recruitment is when organisation starts recruiting candidate
from inside the institutions. Both methods are used by the HR managers as per the situation and
conditions. The HR manager of company also conduct this function efficiently to hire candidates
and fulfil the staffing need of company.
There are some advantaged and disadvantages recruitment are as follows-
Advantages Disadvantages
 Effective recruitment procedure
reduced the operational cost.
 It increases the quality of candidates in
the company.
 Efficient recruitment process enhances
the employment brand.
 Internal hiring required less paper work
(Armstrong and Taylor, 2014).
 Sometimes it takes high cost.
 It is very time consuming process.
 It also damages workers’ morale
because present employees may feel
that there are less chances for
promotion.
Training and Development- This is the function of human resource management that is
indispensable. It is the duty of HR manager to organize training and development programmes
for employees. It is the best techniques to improve as well as develop current state of workers
effectively. Employees motivation is also increased by giving training to them as they feel that
they are valued for company. Organisation should hire experts to conduct training programmes.
Productivity of candidate working in the organisation is also increased so that organisation can
achieve its long term goals and objectives. Moreover, there are many benefits of training and
development programmes as it helps in increasing job satisfaction and team spirit among
workers. It also increases efficiency in system and structure of organisation as because it results
in financial gains. There are two types of training that organisation adopts are on-the-job training
and off-the-job-training. When company provides training to candidate at the work place on
his/her actual job is known as on-the-job training and when organisation provides training
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outside the work place is called off-the-job training. The HR manager of Hilton Hotel provides to
both the types of training. The training and development programmes are very effective and
efficient (Haynes, Hitt and Campbell, 2015).
Here are some advantages and disadvantages of Training and Development-
Advantages Disadvantages
 It increases skills and knowledge of
employees.
 Job satisfaction is increases.
 It raises the capacity to adopt
technologies.
 It helps in reducing employee's
retention.
 It also increases the moral of
employee's.
 It reduces mistakes and errors.
 It raises the growth of company.
 It is very costly affairs.
 This is very time consuming process.
 Trainers and experts charge high cost.
 Lack of Interest (Lakshman, 2014).
Motivation- This is also the most essential function of HR manager. Motivation is very
important for employees to work effectively as well as it is also beneficial for organisational
development. If employees are not motivated than it is not possible, maintain quality of work.
Company cannot able to meet goals if employees are not satisfied with the work. Thus, it is the
duty of HR manager to motivate employees so that productivity of company can be increased.
HR manager should organize a well-defined incentives and reward system in the organisation.
Monetary reward is the best method to increase the level of motivation of workers. Apart from
that, one another technique to boost the level of satisfaction is to recognize the success and
achievements in the company. HR manager should organize appraisals parties and meeting and
recognize the achievements from all the members of company. These are ways to motivate
employees and take productive work (Saleem and et.al., 2015). Addition to this, it is also the
responsibility of HR leader to communicate or interact in better way as because if the
communication system is not effective than it will leads to misunderstanding. On the other hand,
offering opportunities for workers in front of employees is also one the best way to motivate
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them. The HR manager at Hilton Hotel conduct various programmes to boost the level of
motivation among employees, like they provide incentives and rewards, they organize appraisals
parties, recognize the achievement in meetings or groups. The leader at hotel is very polite to
employees.
There are some advantages and disadvantages of Motivation are as follows-
Advantages Disadvantages
 It increases the job satisfaction.
 Productivity of company as well as
employees is increased.
 Workplace will become happy and
healthier place.
 The atmosphere of organisation also
become effective.
 Lower labour turnover.
 Less recruitment and selection
(Rubtcova and et.al, ,2015).
 Sometimes it leads to conflict in team.
 Sometimes, overconfidence is also
increases by giving excessive rewards
and incentives.
 It needs control.
 People become more task oriented as
they run for rewards and incentives.
Maintaining Good Working conditions- This is also the most essential function of HR
as it is very important to make the atmosphere and environment of working place a healthier
place. If the atmosphere of working place is not good than it is not possible that a person can
give its best. Any misunderstandings, conflicts if arises than it is responsibility of HR to solve as
soon as possible. Good working condition motivated employees’ and it will help in controlling
and minimize the labour turnover. HR should conduct group meeting once in a week and conduct
activities to minimize the stress of employees. By this techniques working place will be effective
and good. It is also very important that manager should divide the time structure effectively like
short tea break between intervals, make them free to talk with their subordinated and friends.
Excessive restriction and policies, laws will lead to stress. These are all the techniques to make
working conditions good. The working place of Hilton Hotel is very good as HR managers are
very concerns and making too many efforts for making healthier working environment (Popescu,
Comanescu and Sabie, 2016). They used to organize meeting and conduct games once in a week
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and celebrate all festivals. There are some advantages of having good working conditions are as
follows-
 It increases the level of motivation.
 It reduces the stress of employees.
 It gives optimistic reinforcement.
 It boosts positive thinking.
 Productivity is also increased.
Managing Effective Relationship with Employees- Employees are the pillars of
company. None of the company can achieve its goal if their workers are not skilled and
knowledgeable. It is very wide concept to manage the relationship with employees and it is one
the important function of HR manager. It is the duty of HR manager to maintain a healthy and
happy relationship so that company can achieve its goals and objectives easily. Group meeting
should be organized to identify the issues and difficulties of employees with the management or
working practices or any problems related with the company (Heraty, Michailova and Morley,
2016). Apart from this, HR manager should fix a box of suggestion and issues and tell employees
to write and put the paper in the box and it should be check once in a week. By doing these
activities, manager can know what is problems and issues are coming and try to solve them as
soon as possible. These all have direct impact on employee's relationship as they feel that their
words have power as well as they feel valued. By managing effective relationship, it creates a
sense of understanding in between employees and employers. The HR manager at Hilton Hotel
do many activities to make healthy and happy relationship with employees. They had fixed
suggestion box at each departments of Hotel, they have make informal group on what's app to
make good communication (Ratten, 2015). Thus, it makes good relationship with the staff. Here
are some brief advantages of managing effective relationship with employees are as follows-
 Labour turnover ratio of company will be control.
 Productivity of employees is increased.
 Healthy relationship in between employee and employer.
 Performance of employee's is also improved.
 Issues and problems are solved easily and fast.
 Employees will be motivated.
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RECOMMENDATION
All companies are powered by its employees, there will be nothing if they are not perfect.
From all above functions of Human Resource Management, it was find out that, managers of
Hilton are performing all these functions in effective manner. But still there are some needs for
improvement and development in their practices. Managers plays a vital role in formulating
correct and effective strategies to ensure productivity and great success for company. Here is
some recommendation for HR manager of Hilton Hotel are as follows-
Consider Strategic Vision- Strategies related to human resource cannot survive in
vacuum. In order to make effective plans of actions, it is very important that it should be aligned
with vision of hotel, Thus, by alignment it will help company to archive its goal and objectives
with the support of HRM (Riccucci, 2017).
Consider demographics- It is also very important that HR manager should analyse the
demographics of the man-force to ascertain where gap may exist between current skills and need
of skills and knowledge that might be emerge in coming time and then align it will the vision of
company. Hilton Hotel also faces escape of important staff members. Thus, it is very essential
that HR leader should focus on minimizing these gaps with the help of strategic as well as
effective recruitment, selection, retention and training efforts.
Effective training should be provided- In all above function of HR at Hilton Hotel it
was found that training and development programmes of Hotel is not up to the mark, that resust
in lack of motivation and outdated skills and knowledge. Thus, the HR manager of company
should call experts and provide training staffing members.
TASK 3
1. Evaluate Human Resource Management software programmes as well as their effectiveness.
All organisation desires to manage their human resources because humans are important
part of company. In order to achieve goals and objective of organisation in effective way it is
very essential to have the best human resource department s as well as best software of HRM.
There are various resources available of HRM off the shelf that help manager in their operations
and functions. This software’s make the work effective and faster as well as it helps in
streamlining the activities of human resources from hiring to performance software's that make
the work effective and faster as well as it helps in streamlining the activities of human resources
from hiring to performance evaluation (Snell, Morris and Bohlander, 2015). ERP is the best
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software for Hilton Hotel as because it is only beneficial for big compani. Here are the
software's that HR managers of Hilton Hotel is using are-
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software- This is the management procedure of
business software that allows a company to utilize a system of integrated application to manage
as well as automate many functions of offices that are related to human resource. With the help
of this software, it becomes easy to store different types of data. All the above functions that
were discussed above, all are largely benefited with ERP software. This is the best software for
the HR department of Hilton Hotel (Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software, 2018). More
than 85% of big companies in UK is using this software for smooth and effective HRM practice.
Here are some benefits of ERP that help HR manager of Hilton Hotel are as follows-
 It is very productive for big companies.
 It helps in optimisation of hotel processes.
 Timely and accurate information are stored.
 Unnecessary data is eliminated.
 Cost of litigation is reduced.
 It increases efficiency in HRM practices.
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Illustration 2: Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software
Source:( Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software, 2018)

Database- This is also an effective software that is very beneficial for organisation as
well as to HRM practices. Database helps in storing as well as managing all information of
employee (Garavan, 2016). It contains all necessary information of employees such as personal
details, profile of job, leave balance, salaries, promotion and many other important information.
Database is also very helpful for employees as they can search there all information from their
employee portal.
Here are some advantages of database software that is help company very large.
 It helps in reducing data redundancy.
 Errors and mistakes are also reduced.
 It helps in increasing consistency.
 It also assists in reducing entry of data in registers.
 Retrieval cost is also minimized.
Payroll Management- This software is also very effective system for HRM. This is
system of process by which salary is distributed to employees in the organisation. It has
capabilities that allows company to calculate pay and benefits of employee, revise salaries, track
payroll and manage direct deposits.
There are some advantages of using the software of Payroll Management are as follows-
 Salary is distributed to employees without any mistakes and errors.
 Chances of errors and mistakes are minimized.
 It saves times of HR managers.
 History of past records of salary or any other monetary transactions are recorded.
Leave and Attendance Management- This is also one of the best software that helps in
developing easy communication in between HR department and employees of organisation and
make sure that the management of HR should be effective and efficient (Saleem and et.al.,
2015). This system of software that automatically calculate leaves, determine trends and trigger
alerts.
Here are some benefits of using this software of management are-
 Fast access to basic information of employee.
 It helps in improving processes of HR.
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 It also helps in reducing errors.
 Makes effective and streamline communication between employee and HR.
TASK 4
1. Characteristics and models of effective leadership in an organisation.
According to Petrick (2017), Leader is a person who command and lead the entire group
or organisation in systematic manner. Leaders are those people who influence employee for
achievements of goals and objectives. The leaders of Hilton Hotel are very efficient, skilled and
knowledgeable person. The leaders of company are very effective but they face many issues in
practices of HRM such as in training and development programmes, lack of motivation etc. Here
are some characteristics of leaders at Hilton Hotel are as follows-
Developing good relationship- Leaders have power and trick to develop a good
relationship with employees. They should organize group meeting and conduct activities so that
a good relationship can be demonstrate. Addition to this, leader should make informal
relationship with employees so that various issues and problem within an organisation can be
resolved
Leaders are motivated person- Motivation is very important as it is the pillar of
organisation. It is the duty of leader to increase motivation of workers so that companies labour
turnover will be control. They should provide a good working conditions, rewards, incentives to
them so that contribute more efforts to organisation (Peng, Sun and Markóczy, 2015).
Effective communication skill- Communication is the essence of a good organisation.
Leaders should have effective communication skill so that they can communicate their words or
anything in a better way. If the communication skill of leader is not good than it is not possible
that performance of employees can be executed in better way. Addition to this, a gap between
staff and leaders can be minimized by effective skill of communication.
There are various models of leadership that help leaders to make their skills perfect and
effective as well as encourage employees to work for company. Here are some models of that
leadership that will help the leaders of Hilton Hotel to get positive feedbacks.
Autocratic Model of Leadership- This is one of the best model of leadership that it is
showing a fantastic result among various companies. With the help of this model leader can have
an impressive power as well as control over their team. When company is going to implement
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some changes in organisation and they know that employees will resist than this is the best
model that leaders can use (Lanvin and Evans,2016). It is very helpful to make decisions timely.
The leaders of Hilton Hotel should use this model within their functions and operations.
Transactional Model- It is also one of the finest and the most common leadership
models that have been used by many leaders. According to this model, it is the duty of leaders to
delegate certain tasks to workers. Employees should receive rewards when they perform as per
the expectations of leader (Models of Leadership, 2016.). In opposite, if employee does not able
to perform in the best manner than they should be punished. By this technique, workers’
motivation will be enhanced, organisational goals and objectives will also achieve. Like in
Hilton Hotel, leader should organize training for staff members and if after providing training if
they did not perform in better way than they should be punished and if they perform in good
manner than rewards should be given to them. Thus, it resulted in increasing of motivation and
retention will also control in Hilton Hotel (Brewster and Cerdin, 2017).
CONCLUSION
The above report summarized that, Human Resource is one of the most essential
department of company as it is the backbone of company. The roles and responsibilities of HR
manager is also very critical. This assignment also summarized various functions of HRM that
HR performed in effective way. Further this study also makes understood several models of
HRM as well as leadership. These models are very important for company's succeeded as it helps
in controlling and managing issues coming in organisation. On the other hand, characteristics of
leaders was also included in this assignment. Apart from this, this report also understood
different software's that make the work effective and faster and it assists in streamlining the
activities of human resources from hiring to performance evaluation.
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REFERENCES
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Rubtcova, M., Elena, V., Pavenkov, O. and Pavenkov, V., 2015. Managing Human Capital:
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