Managing Organizational Change

This assignment delves into the complex world of managing organizational change. It examines diverse perspectives on leading and implementing change, drawing upon scholarly works that address topics like sensemaking in high-performance sports, coachable moments in management, risk management in community nursing, and the challenges of global HR. The provided sources offer insights into strategies, factors influencing success, and the human element within organizational transformations.

MANAGING PEOPLE IN
ORGANISATION

INTRODUCTION
Management of people within Harrods is important to control various operational activities
that leads towards profitability and production for the firm. The report will demonstrate and
analyse recruitment and selection process followed by Harrods emphasising on the purpose
of job advertisement, job descriptions and person specifications. Motivational theories
followed by advantage and disadvantage of these theories for Harrods will be discussed in
this report. Finally, the report will undertake the factors that has an impact on individual
behavior and also which drives effective cooperation within Harrods. There are some
recommendations are also provided below at the end of report associated with Maslow
theories that helps to manage workforce within firm.
TASK 1
1 Recruitment and Selection process
Recruitment and selection: In this process, human resource manager of Harrods is responsible
for hiring best and suitable candidates. This will be done by organising recruitment and selection
process within business. Employees who are already working in the firm are also able to fill the
vacancies by approaching to the next level. Candidates are informed by organisation through job
advertisement and other promotional activities. In addition to this, the process of recruiting and
hiring new employees within firm starts with advertisement and end up with interview and
selection process. Eligible candidates can apply for the post in Harrods (Anderson, 2016). The
recruitment and selection process are dependent on an individual skill and level of the
employees. Recruiters works for providing recruiting and staffing service for firm that has an
important role to improve and develop the labour force. This process is important because it
selects the best one for work in the firm who is capable to manage the operations effectively.
JOB ADVERTISEMENT
Harrods is looking for a Manager for its branch in UK.
POST- MANAGER
WORK PLACE- Harrods, UK
SALARY- $20,000
POLICIES
 1 YEAR BOND
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 SECURITY AMOUNT WILL BE DEDUCTED $1000
 LEAVES APPLICABLE WITH RULES AND REGULATIONS
 TERMS AND CONDITIONS APPLY
JOB DESCRIPTION
JOB PURPOSE
Harrods is looking for a Manager for its branch in UK and this will be done by appointment by
the interview process. The Manager should have good knowledge of business management and
must be able to manage and control different activities within firm.
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
 The manager should undertake some major elements of business in order to understand
things such as employee’s management, work allocation, management of resources etc.
 Ensure the management and control work, marking and preparation of training and
development programs to improve employees performance.
 Provide the proper management and employment facilities, health and safety securities
and welfare provisions.
 Annual meeting arrangement work will be undertaken.
 Consider the work including planning, evaluation of strategies and plans, improvement
and development.
 Proper knowledge of business objectives/strategies/functions and further work will be
carried out.
 Support the workers and other board members in firm at all times.
 Should participate in committee team meetings and internal verification and process of
making plans and policies.
 Liable to manage and control staff development programs and appraisal procedures.
 Undertake the collaborative consultancy and research agreed by management and also
be a part of leadership responsibilities and duties.
 Liable for the firms daily operational activities. (Thomas, (2015).
 Have responsibilities of workers health and service programs and policies. Duty to take
responsibilities of avoiding the injuries to himself and also employees at workplace.
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PERSON SPECIFICATIONS
ESSENTIAL DESIRABLE
Qualification Experience of business manager
post at lest of 2 years and studies in
any certified college and must be a
valid degree in business
management and control.
Experience Experience of managing workers at
workplace and studies at level 3 for
business managing resources.
Must able to manage employees and
other financial resources within
organisation.
Skills/Ability  Able to work effectively
and efficiently as a part of
management team.
 Well organizer and ability
to plan ahead of deadlines.
 Flexible in the nature and
good relation and
communication skills
towards both employees
and co-workers.
 Motivational and potential.
 Successful manager for the
business.
 Experience of delivering
services and knowledge to
employees and planning and
resources effective
management.
 Experience of organizing
development activities in the
firm.
RESUME
STEVEN SMITH
Brand academy of health and services near Vegas road
opposite UK bank
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United Kingdom
97654345678
OBJECTIVE
My objective is to do work with passion, potentiality and effectiveness with my skills and
knowledge. I like to achieve success in my life and passionate about my work.
QUALIFICATION
 Passed 10th with 87%
 Passed 12th with 89%
 Business management course from UK university of management in business
 Experience of business and managing employees in different departments.
 Diploma in management skills and performance
SKILLS
 Specific management.
 Knowledgeable of business resources and planning activities.
 Strong written and oral skills
 Attractive personality
 Appropriate knowledge of every business section
 Self-motivator and hard worker
Recruitment and selection is a process which is managed and controlled by managers in
the firm. In addition to this, this is a very important procedure of business management that
skilled employees are necessary that helps to manage work in time with effectiveness. There is a
job advertisement, job description, person specification and resume made for Harrods provided
above in order to understand the role of managers and process of recruiting and hiring candidates
(Barros, 2017). The process starts with job advertisement in which Harrods management
advertise for the manager vacancy in the market through various resources such as media, social
media platform and contacting people. Appropriate and eligible candidates will send their
resume to Harrods management and shortlisted will be called for the process of interview. The
interview will be taken by the present manager and other members of committee and board
members. There are several questions will be asked from the candidates in order to determine
their abilities and skills. The process is important because it will select the best and appropriate
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candidate for the post of manager in Harrods effectively. As per the skills and knowledge
mentioned by candidate in his or her resume will be addressed by board members and questions
will be asked on the basis of that (Fink and Yolles, 2015). Finally, the best candidate will be
recruit for the manager post by committee members. Policies and plans should be understood by
the new manager in order to determine roles and responsibilities effectively.
Reputation: There is a domino effect on organisation by recruiting and selecting the best
candidate effectively. Employees will also have encouraged that the new manager will help them
to complete their tasks on time and with efficiencies. This will increase respect perspectives in
the firm in both employees and other committee members. This will lead towards higher
profitability and production. The positive attitude managed by employees will produce quality
and effective products and services. This will change the perception of customers in the market
towards business in a positive manner.
RECRUITMENT PRACTICES
There are two types of recruitment methods such as internal and external. The external
method is used by public banks and other organisations.
Internal recruitment method: The internal recruitment method refers to promoting employees
for an opportunity. Current employees in the firm are also able to fill the vacancy of manager
before any one other apply outside the firm effectively. It can be said that this will motivate
employees within Harrods to work hard and achieve individual goals and objectives.
External recruitment method
External methods are provided above such as online recruiting, media advertising, job
fair etc.
Online recruiting method: Harrods management can easily promote their vacancy of manager
post. Job street, and search engine are the most two popular websites which provides job
information for the applicants effectively (Iles, 2017). This is an easy method saves time and
money for the firm.
Media advertising: Media advertising is also an effective way from which the firm is able to
advertise its vacancy of manager to the appropriate candidates. Newspapers, TV, magazines and
social media are some best example of media advertising that will help to achieve hiring
objectives effectively.
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Job fair: Job fair is an exposition or fair that organized by an organization for the purpose of
matching job seekers and people who seek for a job. This will help firm to achieve their goals
and targets by filling the post of manager effectively. The firm is also able to include previous
employment, minimum qualifications required by manager and website, where the information is
provided by firm regarding manager responsibilities roles respectively.
Advantage and Disadvantage of Recruitment methods
It can be said that current employees working in the firm are now able to fill the vacancy
of manager as they are trained from the training programs organised by Harrods. They are
efficient and effective in much less time for the new job and already familiar with other co-
workers. Thus, there are so many employees who are capable of filling the post of manager. The
main advantage of internal recruitment process is that the firm is able to reduce the cost of
advertising, training and development programs for new manager, interview process etc.
Apart from this, the main disadvantage of internal recruitment that there is a limited
choice for the firm in terms of selecting and recruiting candidates. Employees working in the
firm acknowledge a limited environment and unable to create innovations and creative ideas
which drives organisation performance effectively (Young, 2016). Moreover, promotion also can
be resulted in inefficiency as it only focusses on the service's length rather than value, and it may
be a good thing for inefficient candidates as they will not need to work hard in order to prove
that they are worth to stay in the organisation. This will help business to increase its production
and profitability. This will also help to achieve desired goals and objectives which leads towards
success effectively and efficiently.
TASK 2
2 Motivational techniques and theories
MOTIVATION THEORY OF MASLOW- HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
The theory is developed by Abraham Maslow in 1940 for the purpose of motivating
employees within business in order to enhance their skills and knowledge effectively. This will
help Harrods to increase its employee’s efficiency which will help to achieve desired goals and
objectives. The theory involves five needs which are necessary for employees and described
below:
Physiological needs: These needs can be described as common and important need of people in
order to survive such as water, shelter, food and sleep. Such needs are essential that without
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these humans are not able to survive. Other needs will be turn into background effectively. Thus,
Harrods should provide sufficient salary to employees to fill these needs.
Safety and security: Safety and security needs are also essential and important for employees to
secure and ensure their income of source and place for living as well as health and safety issues.
These needs are very crucial for children's as they need to be safe and secure in all manner
effectively (Alder, 2015). The safety and security also include personal security, safety towards
heavy and dangerous machineries, causing accidents from it and illness and financial security
which has a significant impact on employees living standard effectively.
Self-actualisation: Self-actualization is desire to an individual to develop and grow with his full
potentiality. People are likely to choose their own opportunities, versions, positions and tasks
with self-actualization effectively. All needs are essential for an individual and to be satisfied at
each and every level. Thus, managers in Harrods should demonstrate work according to the skills
and knowledge of employees which will help them to work with interest. This will help to
achieve individual goals and objectives.
Apart from this, some advantage and disadvantage also associated with such theories.
Some time employees are unable to secure their safety and security and discrimination activities
within firm mislead them. Employees are also not so self- actualised that they can learn various
things quickly and effectively. Other needs will be turn into background in the lack of
empowerment. Thus, Harrods should provide sufficient salary to employees to fill these needs.
ALDERFER THEORY
Three main theories are described by Alderfer which are also known as ERG, Existence,
Relatedness and Growth needs. These are explained below in the context of Harrods:
Existence needs: Existence needs refers to the physiological needs of an individual which
describes safety and security associated with all necessities. Such needs are already exists in life
on an employee or individual that it also affect the operations and business activities (Turner and
McCarthy, 2015). It can be said that these needs also have a significant impact on living
standard.
Relatedness needs: Relationships should be managed by a person in order to feel free and out of
tension activities. Family members, friends and people all around are the members to maintain an
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effective relationship for an individual. These needs are also referring to the Maslow’s social
needs effectively.
Growth needs: Growth needs can be full filled by knowledge and skills. Such things will help
an employee to improve and develop his growth in order to achieve desired goals and objectives.
Personal growth can be developed by self-assessment and improvement. Training and learning
programs organised by Harrods management will also help to improve skills and knowledge of
employees. This will help to enhance production and profitability.
HERZBERG TWO FACTOR THEORY
The theory will help to demonstrate motivating factors which will help employees to increase
their job satisfaction and will enhance motivation level. There are some hygiene factors cause
dissatisfaction within an individual that it signifies feelings are not opposite to each other
effectively and efficiently (Brown, 2015).
PROCESS THEORY OF VROOM” S EXPECTANCY
Expectancy: The theory defines that an individual or person only believes in his or her efforts
which he or she makes at workplace within the business effectively. This will help to achieve
desired goals and objectives and lead towards success. Hard work is possessed by this theory in
which Harrods employees will accept their success by hardworking.
Instrumentality: According to this an individual believes that there is a connection between
goals and activities. This will be full filled by instrumentality effectively. Employees in Harrods
are able to perform well in their individual tasks which will help to achieve rewards and
incentives.
Valence: It can be described as a certificate or degree, which shows the success of a employee in
terms of his or her results towards work effectively. This will also help to motivate others which
lead towards organisation success.
ADAM’S EQUITY THEORY
The theory is developed by Paul Adam which describes that all the employees within
business should be treated equally in order to avoid discrimination effectively. This will help
them to feel motivated and encouraged (Smith and Murphy, 2017). Employees in the firm are
assured that there are no further secrets which they all don’t know. All the employees provide
equal contribution that there is no comparison between them. Working cost will be decreased by
following such activities within Harrods.
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LOCKE’S GOAL SETTING THEORY
The theory was established by Locke in 1990. The theory signifies that that challenging
specific work goals and setting and commitment for those objectives and goals which determines
the motivation. In that case, the future of Harrods is defined by goals and by settling these goals
are able to campaign the behaviour of an individual and organisation effectively. Thus,
employees working in the firm feel encouraged and motivated and desire to achieve their goals
and objectives.
MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES
Motivational techniques are very useful for managers and organisation in order to
improve and develop performance of employees. Such techniques used by Harrods will help to
develop a positive and peaceful environment in which employees feels motivated towards their
individual works. In this peaceful and safe environment employee can easily share their
thoughts, ideas. This will help to increase knowledge and communication level within workers
effectively. Objectives, targets, goals all are settled by management to employees. The firm is
also able to motivate them by providing rewards and incentives for the best performances. This
will help to increase profitability and production and will also enhance efforts managed by
workers at workplace (Roos and Von Krogh, 2016). The best performances will drive the profits
and can share with workers to motivate them. Harrods can also motivate and encourage its
workers by continuing their education and to become a part of organisational activities and
meetings. Here are some motivational techniques from which Harrods can motivate employees:
Meaningful and challenging work: Managers should provide importance of work to employees
which will help them to understand the purpose of firm. Challenges will help them to grow fast
and they will also learn lot more things (Ogbonna and Harris, 2015). Managers are also
responsible for providing work according to the capabilities and capacities. Employee often feels
motivated and will achieve desired goals and objectives effectively. The challenges stretch them
towards their tasks and they also try to make extra efforts to perform better.
Regular supportive feedbacks: Performance of an employee can be increased by providing
positive feedbacks for his or her work. This will help to feel free and encouraged him to do work
more properly and effectively. Employees will work hard and achieve success. Inspirations bring
potentiality, that managers are responsible for inspiring workers towards their hard work. This
will help to create a positive behaviour of employee and will reduce conflicts, issues and
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problems. There are some several examples that motivated child such as Mark Zukerberg who is
ruling the world at present on social media platform. Thus, it can be said that by providing
positive feedbacks to employees will increase their efficiency and knowledge. Such employees
are the main source of income for Harrods.
Rewards drive performances: Rewards and incentives are extra bonuses for employees
provided by managers or owners according to the best performances (Kamil, Hashim and Hamid,
2016). This is the most effective tool used by many firms to improve and develop motivation
within workers. This will also help to increase skilled and knowledgeable employees which lead
towards success. Rewards are extra benefits for employees who drive performances and make
others feel motivated towards achieving their task and goals. This will help business to increase
its productivity and profitability.
SOFT SKILL IMPORTANCE WITHIN BUSINESS
Soft skills are necessary for employees as well as managers in order to achieve goals and
objectives effectively. The goals will be achieved by employees with good habits, attitudes, and
behaviour and personality traits as well. There are three major skills required by a effective
employees such as team work, communication skills and dependability. In addition to this,
candour, mental ability and effective personality are some extra qualities. Such skills will help
managers and employees to manage and control their individual work appropriately and
effectively. This will also help to achieve desired goals and objectives. Thus, it can be said that
there are so many soft skills which can be developed and improved by workers by them. This
will help them to increase their knowledge and experience towards tasks.
Apart from this, emotional intelligence is a capacity of an individual to acknowledge his
own emotions and also others to consider between different feelings and also marquee them
appropriate within the firm. It is an effective way from which managers are able to guide and
direct employees and manage a positive and peaceful environment according to the emotions.
This will help firm to accomplish its desired goals and objectives (Malik and Rowley, 2015).
Thus, it can be said that skilled and knowledgeable employees within the firm are so crucial as
well as important.
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TASK 3
Factors that affects an individual behaviour and also enable effective cooperation
It can be said that employees are the main part of organisation in order to achieve
productivity and profitability goals and targets effectively. They all works for the common
objectives their behaviour and attitude can affect the operational activities within Harrods. There
are so many factors that affect the behaviour of individual at workplace. Personality is one of
them which is different in every person. This will be differed on the basis of skills, knowledge,
background and education level etc. This will also help to determine the value and way of
thinking that exits in a major role effectively (Liang, Leung and Cooper, 2018). The status of
employees within firm which they maintain during the work also affect the behaviour. For an
example, the behavioral traits of the manager who coordinates and leads the team will be
different to those of the people who work under him, due to the differences in their skill level,
status and power. The culture of organization and geographical area also helps to determine
behavior effectively. The behavior of individuals is also attached with their performance level
and production capabilities. Thus, it can be said that management should manage and control
their employees in order to manage the profitability and production (Rees and French, 2016).
Positive behavior of employees is necessary in order to drive business performance which leads
towards success. Apart from this, there are some more outside factors that affect the positive and
negative behavior of employees working on the firm effectively.
Age: Age of employees is also one of the major factors that affect the behavior at workplace. If
an employee is old age and working in the firm should be managed by firm in terms of their
relevance and necessities. The lack of physical fitness affects the behavior that also has a
significant impact on productivity and profitability.
Sex: It can be seen that men are more active as compared to women’s in terms of physical and
hard activities. Trade union should be followed by women workers in order to contribute their
efforts to the firm (Sahadev, Purani and Malhotra, 2015). Employers, generally feels that women
employees are sincerer and will show greater commitments toward the job and work. Harrods
prefer women employees for this reason effectively and efficiently.
Education level: Education level also affect the behavior of employees within firm in terms of
skills and knowledge. Educated person can put more efforts as compared to an uneducated
employee. Thus, the work will be managed well and effectively.
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Intellectual abilities: It personifies a person intelligence, verbal and analytical reasoning ability,
memory as well as verbal comprehensions effectively (Stark, 2015).
Physical abilities: The strength, stamina and body coordination matter with motor skills for an
individual that affects his or her behavior effectively.
Self-awareness: Self-awareness refers to the feeling of a person about his task while the
manager decides the appropriate work for him which will help to increase the self-awareness
efficiently.
Race and Culture: Race refers to the similar group of people sharing physical features
effectively. Culture is different of various people living in countries that it affects the behavior of
an individual. There are so many culture, traits, traditions, customs and religion. People think in
a different way.
Perception: Perception is also a factor that affects behavior of an individual at workplace. It is
referring to an intellectual process which transform sensory stimuli into a useful and crucial
information and data (Wehrmeyer, 2017). How an employee think, judge, behave, react and
interrupt from his own mind affect the behavior effectively. This will include sound, speech,
taste, senses and social world.
For an example, Rohit went to a fast food store business and likes the customer services
provided by them that he will now think positive about the fast food outlet and will inform others
to join. The perception will be positive and however it will increase the sales and profitability.
This will also affect the behavior of customers which is produces by employees upon their
minds.
Attitude: Attitude is the abstract learnt reaction or say response of a person’s entire cognitive
process over a time span (Renz and Herman, 2016). For an example, if a person has a lot of
working experience in different firms will develop an attitude of indifference citizenship of
business effectively and efficiently.
FACTORS THAT ENABLE EFFECTIVE COOPERATION WITHIN HARRODS
It can be said that there are a lot of factors which will help business to enable effective
cooperation within workplace and environment effectively. Team spirit, communication and
other operational activities should be managed and controlled well in order to provide
cooperation within Harrods. Supply chain and stakeholders are very important for business in
order to provide raw materials and delivering services. The capital is required to manage
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business operations which will be increased by effective production and sales. The organization
structure is now demanding changes in Harrods that the structure is too hierarchical as per the
managers. The new structure should be managed on the basis of employee’s responsibilities and
roles. This will help business to produce opportunities, job enrichment, employment and further
responsibilities to increase job satisfaction within workers at workplace (Poornima, 2017). The
managers will make strategies and plans to build a new structure that helps towards effective
growth.
The leadership is also very poor that a new manager should be appointed by firm which
will help organization to create an environment where employees and committee members are
motivated and encouraged to take decision regarding own roles and responsibilities themselves
effectively. The vision of business should be clear to employees in order to achieve effective
cooperation (Mayo, 2016). Employees delegated more roles and responsibilities that will help to
increase their efficiency and skills. This will lead towards production and will enhance
profitability. For an example, dealing with customers, leadership is the most important factor to
assist in mind of consumer and engage him with the vision of firm. The firm managers also
evaluated that an effective cooperation can be acquired by managing effective verbal and non-
verbal communication within every member in Harrods (Reilly and Williams, 2016). Better
communication will help to understand employees about strategies and plans formulated by
upper level management that helps to achieve tasks and information. Strategies and goals are the
outline of business success and direct organisation members towards objectives. Employees are
also able to transfer knowledge and skills which helps to drive communication process within
firm. Managers and employees also communicate with each other that helps to solve conflicts
and issues arises between them. Day to day operations are also managed and controlled by
effective communication that helps to make decisions. Thus, better communication will bring
positive and peaceful environment within Harrods which leads towards success and profitability.
This will also help to enhance sales from which management is able to achieve objectives and
goals. Relationship management is also a technique which helps to enable effective cooperation
within firm and employees. Employees in the firm should talk to reach other that will help to
transfer information regarding tasks and make a strong bond between them. This will help to
enhance a positive environment within firm which produce more sales and profitability.
Managers should motivate employees towards their individual tasks that will help to increase
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skills and knowledge. Other employees will also have encouraged and raise their hands to learn
something new. Building a team spirit not only provides everyone the opportunity to get to know
each other better but also help to create an environment where everyone feels they have some
investments in the outcomes. According to team bonding specialists, team management, this in
turn improves communication channels. This will towards positive environment and produce
more sales for Harrods that will increase profitability (Giannopoulou, Gryszkiewicz and
Barlatier, 2014). This will also help managers to achieve organization financial and non-financial
goals and objectives by enabling effective cooperation within firm.
RECOMMENDATIONS
For the effective improvement and development within Harrods operational activities and
human force, here are some recommendations provided below supporting with theories and
models effectively. The application of Maslow theory is discussed below in the context of
Harrods:
MOTIVATION THEORY OF MASLOW- HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
The theory is developed by Abraham Maslow in 1940 for the purpose of motivating
employees within business in order to enhance their skills and knowledge effectively. Harrods
can organise training and development programs that helps to increase skills and knowledge.
This will help Harrods to increase its employee’s efficiency which will help to achieve desired
goals and objectives.
Physiological needs can be described as common and important need of people in order
to survive such as water, shelter, food and sleep. Thus, Harrods should provide sufficient salary
to employees to fill these needs. The safety and security also include personal security, safety
towards heavy and dangerous machineries, causing accidents from it and illness and financial
security which has a significant impact on employees living standard effectively. Safety and
security needs are also essential and important for employees to secure and ensure their income
of source and place for living as well as health and safety issues. These needs are very crucial for
children's as they need to be safe and secure in all manner effectively. All needs are essential for
an individual and to be satisfied at each and every level. Thus, managers in Harrods should
demonstrate work according to the skills and knowledge of employees which will help them to
work with interest. This will help to achieve individual goals and objectives. Self-actualization is
14

desire to an individual to develop and grow with his full potentiality. People are likely to choose
their own opportunities, versions, positions and tasks with self-actualization effectively.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the above analysis that Harrods is able to recruit manager that will
help to manage and control different operational activities. Recruiters works for providing
recruiting and staffing service for firm that has an important role to improve and develop the
labour force. This process is important because it selects the best one for work in the firm who is
capable to manage the operations effectively. The main advantage of recruitment process is that
the firm is able to reduce the cost of advertising, training and development programs for new
manager, interview process etc. Motivational techniques help managers in order to improve and
develop performance of employees. Harrods will use such techniques that help it to develop a
positive and peaceful environment in which employees feels motivated towards their individual
works. This will also help to achieve objectives and goals. There are so many factors that affect
the behaviour of an individual at workplace such as attitude, education and personality and also
some factors that drives effective cooperation.
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