Managing People in Organizations

This assignment delves into the complexities of managing people within organizations. It examines key theories such as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Vroom's Expectancy Theory, and McGregor's Participation Theory, providing insights into employee motivation, behavior, and engagement. The assignment also explores practical strategies for managing diverse teams, fostering a positive work environment, and addressing challenges in people management.

Managing People in
Organisations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
1. Recruitment and selection process followed by Harrods........................................................3
2 Motivation theories relevant to Harrods and their implementation.........................................8
3. Factors that influence behaviour of an individual.................................................................15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................18
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Process of human resources management is required for managing personnel of a
company in order to functions properly and avoid limitations. HRM can be defined as process of
developing and valuing people at the workplace (Bush and Middlewood, 2013). This covers
entire employee working aspects involving performance, development, recruitment and selection
process etc. This has become more fundamental for a company to manage their people which has
become more and more necessary everyday. Human resource manager coordinate numerous
activities and functions such as rewarding, compensating, training and development etc.
Collaborative and hard working as well as great attitude along with exceptional talents can helps
in creating convenient management within an organisation.
Harrods known as one of the major recognised brand deals luxury department stores in
global market. The organisation employs more than 4000 worker with an additional 3500
concession and agency worker. The enterprise is now owned by government of Qatar. The
company has been organising activities to improve their engagement of worker and reduce the
turnover of worker. The purpose of this report is assess distinct selection and recruitment
procedure and identify numerous theories of motivation for create more involvement of
employee in organisational activities. Also this will analyse individual's behaviour influencing
elements for enhancing work quality and credibility.
MAIN BODY
1. Recruitment and selection process followed by Harrods
Selection and recruitment procedure is one of the major aspects of functioning
established or new business alike (Taylor, Doherty and McGraw, 2015). Employees are the
major asset which can either lead organisation to the heights of success or can mislead to wrong
path or failure in marketplace. Hence, process of recruitment and selection is very essential
within an organisation that can aid a company toward the right directions. Recruitment refer to
the obtaining and searching of potential candidates with required experience, skills and
knowledge to allow the company to hire most suitable individuals to fulfil the vacant job
vacancies against determined specification and description. Harrods employ this procedure that
consist of many stages that helps in interacts within internal environment. There are various
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techniques or process of hiring and selection that is needed to identify before explaining the
certain procedure:
Internal Recruitment: The employer assessment of an worker's recent staff in order to
ascertain if any recent worker are sufficiently qualified or skilled to work needed vacancies of
job (Renz and Herman, 2016). When a business involve in the internal hiring, an existing worker
might be reallotted to new work profile through rendering them wither internal transfer or
promotion. For this, proper organising of workplace evaluation, feedback and performance
analysis is done in order to identify the best worker of company.
External Recruitment: External recruitments can be defined as the assessment of an
available range of candidates, rather than existing members of staff in order to include or hire
sufficient qualified and skilled worker to fill their vacant job vacancies of company. This operate
proper hiring, selection, induction, training and recruitment procedure for effectively employing
and managing workers.
Third Party Recruitment: Third party recruitments refer to the organisation, individual or
agencies recruiting applicants or worker for part-time, temporary or full-time opportunities as
per the need of worker. These work as per the information and knowledge provided by company
while recruiting and create a standard according which worker are hired. These is based on the
early review and performance of candidates.
Harrods, therefore optimise above mentioned techniques or approaches of recruitments
and selection with the purpose of seek best and more suitable candidates for enterprise (Stone
and Stone, 2013). Understanding the major initials of these procedure, company comply more
effective and efficient approach in order to save their revenues, efforts and time along with
recruiting more qualified workers.
The process of recruitments and selection of Harrods consist of various stages for
communicating and accomplishing their mission. The initial phase of this selection process
consist of practices of closely Cvs analysis of prospects in order to set the profiles suitability for
the organisation opening (Case Study: Harrods increase their benefits offering with Tusker’s
scheme, 2014). In next phase, Harrods's HR manager coordinate a video or telephonic interview
of appropriate or selected candidates as per their skills and qualification through organising
reasoning test that provide another logical aspects of applicants to HR manager of Harrods. Then
assessment centre i.e. the next group discussion stage of recruitments is organised by HR in next
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stage. In this they allow candidates to accompany other phases like interview with line manager,
resourcing interview, final or prepared task interview etc. In the last stage of selection or
recruitment of Harrods, candidates are invited to centre of assessment for evaluating skills and
talents.
Hence, Harrods make clear choice and coherent process of selection and recruitments in
order to optimise their resources in balance and best way (Rees and French, 2016). There are
various other essential elements such as job advertisement, person specification, hob description
of Harrods i.e. is required to analyse in order to encompass the whole process of recruitment and
selection in effective manner. Here are mentioned major important components along with their
purposes briefed below:
Job Description: This can be defined as the functional details of contexts and contents of
job which include content and features of the organisation. This has been written statement that
explains, defines and recognise the major responsibilities, duties and condition of working etc.
The major purpose of outlining a job description is to explain the major roles of candidate while
employed for the certain job and to form transparency in the working terms. Harrods considering
this elements necessary while attempting the process of selection or recruitment within their
organisation, keep content more descriptive and direct (Xavier, 2013). Here is the sample of
Harrods's job description:
MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT FACULTY
Job description: The required candidates will be recruited for managing brand performance and
building the recognition of enterprise in the competitive marketplace (Thomas and Lazarova,
2013). With one's support and confident skills of communication, applicant should be able to
product proper and effective marketing strategy along with the plan. These candidates will be
able to operates promotional methods for launching and promoting their existing and new
services and products. Manager has to report the higher authorities in order to track everyday
activities.
Requirements:
 Certified degree of marketing and management from recognised university.
 Good information and knowledge of modified technologies and promotional tools. Effective interaction or communication skills.
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Requirement in chosen member:
 Person should be able to analyse, design, manage and implement the promotional and
marketing activities for existing or new services.
 The candidate should have experience of working more than 3 year in reputed
organisation as the sales manager or marketing manager.
 Members of staff need to be qualified and trained of the basics of marketing or
management in their certified diploma.
Job Advertisement: A job advertisement refer to electronic or print notification of
requirements of new candidates for hiring in order to perform certain position of work within the
company (Basu, 2014). Each and every business organisation use this methods so as Harrods.
Major purpose behind accompanying this tool of recruitment and selection of the sited company
is to attract certain or suitable applicants for a certain job position. Hence, the company keep the
content of ads more coherent, direct and informative along with appealing in order to attract
maximum suitable candidates. Here is mentioned job Ad of an HR published for HR manager of
Harrods:
JOB ADVERTISEMENT FOR MARKETING MANAGER
Division: Marketing
Type of Job: Full Tine
Location: Hammersmith
Harrods is looking for an creative marketing manager to render strategic programs and projects
for out toys, technology and home division. The candidate will be handling the market research,
assessment of consumer profile, behaviour of buyers and potential consumer, brand
performance and segmentation. He should be able to manage and design the marketing events,
activities, promotional plans along with maintaining budgets and forecasting.
Applicant should be able to implement and imagine the exciting publicity generation and events
of product launches as well as should be able to work and manage the whole team effectively.
Always visionary and optimistic in nature, ensuring flexible working environment and ensuring
company innovative plans and strategies.
Having a consumer min-set of marketing, Harrods want to hear from them. Apply now through
LinkedIn, Facebook, website etc.
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HR Director
Sarah Grace,
Person Specification: A specification of individual can be defined as the attributes
determined in the potential workers. This is similar to the work description but are often
designed in more specific form. The major attribute of this is, it consist of experience, skills,
qualification, information, individual attributes and knowledge etc. that a applicant require to
possess in regard of performing their duties of job (Stark, 2015). Major purpose of managing a
person specification is to determined candidate's duties and major attributes which company is
looking for. There are certain elements which is needed to execute i.e. specific, justifiable,
measurable and non-discriminatory. Here is mentioned the person specification of Harrods's
marketing manager detailed as below:
PERSONAL SPECIFICATION
Experience Requirements Demanding
Experience as a marketing
manager.
3 - 7 years Minimum of 4 Years
Skills/cognition/knowledge Necessary Demanding
Certification and skills in sales
and business marketing sector.
Certified diploma in business
marketing and management.
B Grade
Qualifications required in
sector of education
Necessary Demanding
 Bachelor & Master's
degree in marketing
and management as
well as finished
diploma in HRM.
 Diploma is human
resource management.
 Ph.D. in philosophy.
Minimum performing
experience should be in
management of marketing and
in Ph.D.
A Grade
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Personal skills Necessary Demanding
Managing skills,
communication skills,
expressing and understanding
abilities, knowledge of
promotion and marketing tools
etc.
Applicant should be involved
in the various interaction
styles and sale or marketing
knowledge along with
diverged range of promotions,
research and development etc.
English (AUS), French and
Spanish, (US) and (UK).
Time of Reporting: 10:00am to 07:00pm
Hence, this can be state that the Harrods need to implement the selection and recruitment
process more creative and effectively in order to hire best and more suitable worker within
company. Human resource are indispensable for an organisation like Harrods that can help in
achieving their business objectives and vision in best and effective manner. Through analysing
and undertaking the above mentioned elements, process and approaches of recruitment and
selection, an enterprise can meet their final outcome and create a more friendly, hard working
and efficiently working workplace (Kamoche and Pinnington, 2012). This might help Harrods
with changing structure of organisation, alternation in their leadership style and assist in
developing the basic level of communication in adequate manner.
2 Motivation theories relevant to Harrods and their implementation
Motivation can be referred as the driving force which can aid the organisation in
achieving goals and objectives. In business context, often motivation are intrinsic or extrinsic
factor that inspire the energy or desire among people to be continually committed and job,
subject or role, or to create more efforts in order to achieve their goals in effective manner. This
is essential to provide proper motivation in core management of enterprise in order to direct the
entire functions on right direction and motivate working people of company that indirectly
improve the performance level of company. As the company has been facing the issues of less
engagement of worker within the decision making process, ineffective leadership method and
need change in culture etc. Hence, motivation improve the efficiency of individual as well as
decrease the cost of products (Kamoche and et. al., 2015). Harrods has been working over the
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employee motivation for which they started providing extra luxury cars Tusker to their manager
and leaders of company.
There are numerous role of motivation within Harrods as the company has been one of
leading luxury departmental stores in United Kingdom and other global nations. Leader or
manager of organisation has been opting this methods for managing their workforce as well as
creating more indifferent and negative attitude workers. As enterprise has been facing the issues
or increasing turnover of worker affecting company's reputation. Time and financial assets has
been squander in hiring worker repetitively for manager along with their efforts in training and
education of worker. In order to manage Harrods's organisational condition, company has
determined to change their organisational structure and leadership style in achieving their
business objectives (Manville and et. al., 2012). These changes can lead the enterprise toward
internal resistance among human resources of enterprise while the new changes incurring in
company. Employee can be built to accept those changes and proper motivation as well as
change strategy can aid enterprise in achieving their business objectives. Harrods, therefore, need
proper motivation among their employee in order to maintain positive environment within their
company.
Motivation Theories: There are numerous motivation theories that can be adopted by
enterprise in order to achieve the desired outcome and enhance employee engagement within
company such as Two-Factor Theory of Hertzberg, The Two-Factor Theory also known as
motivation hygiene theory, Hierarchy of Needs formed by Maslow', Hawthorne Effect, three
dimensional attribution theory, expectancy theory and many more. This outcome of applied
activities always rely on organisation which and how they imply a theory of motivation within an
organisation. In this report, in order to improve worker engagement, internal working
environment and managing people of Harrods, company has undertaken and analysed three
major motivation theories i.e. Maslow's Hierarchy of need, Expectancy Theory and McGregor's
Participation Theory in order to critically evaluate the most effective and suitable concept in
context of organisation's culture (Pryjmachuk and et. al., 2012). The whole process has been
elaborated through comparatively analysing different elements of this.
DIFFERENT MOTIVATIONAL THEORY IN CONTEXT OF Harrods
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Motivation meaning: It is a way of enthusiasm of doing something in order to achieve
particular things. In organisation it is important in order to use the skills and abilities of
individuals for achieving goals of company.
Harrods is one the top most luxury department located in UK deals in designing bags,
luxury gifts, fashionable products and manufacturing of both menswear and women-wear in full-
fill the demand of customers. Further in order to enhance the brand value Harrods value to
innovation and sensation so they beat all the challenges of rivalry. Apart from it, company
focuses on growth and development of employees for which systematic framework is made for
training development and career advancement of them.
If employees is performing well in particular task then he or she must be appreciated by
rewards and recognition. For example Harrods giving benefits under tusker scheme by offering
car benefits to their staff which help in retention and motivation of employees as well as boosting
up the talent among individuals (Gillespie, Mullan and Harrison, 2014). In dynamic environment
changes are coming in rapid manner so cope with all the alternation company scan external
environment in order to make modification in their organisation structure. Mangers of Harrods
always guide individual to have flexibility with every corporate culture. Following are the
theories of motivation which assist in boosting up morale of workforce are stated below:
MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs is given by Abraham Maslow which is used to measure the
hireachical needs of individuals. This act as motivation factor of every workforce at the time
when they applying this theory. Further he state that people are motivated to accomplish certain
needs and that some needs take precedence over others. It is divided into five stages in form of
deficiency and growth needs. The theories can be described below:-
 Physiological needs: These are considered as basic necessities of human being which
need to be fulfilled for the livelihood of individuals. It includes food, shelter, sleep, water
and clothes. These needs are most important so they must be met first, without them no
other needs can be accomplished. For example Harrods is big organisation in which it is
utmost duty of HR manager to ensure about satisfaction of basic wants in order to
accomplish objectives properly.
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 Safety needs: Once the physiological needs of person is fulfilled then he or she must
concern about the job security and health safety of himself and her family members. For
example Harrods comprises of large employee base which expect job security and health
safety so they provided them benefits by providing insurance facilities in case if any
employee or their family member suffer from any problems then he or she must
considerable by these policies and for job security appreciated by rewards and
recognition. Social belonging: After satisfying the above two needs third stage may be related to
interpersonal contact and feeling of cohesiveness. Under this level Friendship, intimacy
and family relation are given as first priority (Clark Silvester and Knowles, 2013). For
example in Harrods employees maintain coordination and cooperation only when
superior communicate in friendly manner by sorting out all issues and problems. Esteem needs: These needs basically related to status, recognition, reputation and respect
from others. This type of need basically found in corporate world where every employees
wants some appraisal at the time when they are performing best. For example employees
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Illustration 1: MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY
Source 1: MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY, 2018

working in Harrods can be rewarded by cars and other benefits at the time they perform
well in particular task. Self actualisation needs: After satisfying all above needs under this level they focus on
personal desire which he or she want to accomplish in their life.
Advantages and disadvantages of Maslow Hierarchy theory:
Merits Demerits
 It is consider as logical theory because it
determine that individual do something
in order to fulfil their different needs
 Satisfying needs are not motivators. For
example in Harrods managers must
focused on unsatisfied needs of
subordinates (Rook, 2013).
 Leader can easily know the skill and
ability in particular employee.
 It is not consider as accurate theory in
real life.
 Need hierarchy is not same for all the
employees so may be demotivation
factor for top level management.
EXPECTANCY THEORY
This theory is given by Victor Vroom in 1964 which tells that motivation from
employees is the outcome for how much individual wants a rewards or valence. Apart from it
expectancy means better outcomes from better performances. Instrumentality means faith or
believe that individual perform well then in such case valid outcome must be their. In case of
Harrods manger motivated their workforce for good performance so better outcomes. Following
are the advantages and disadvantages of this theory:
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Merits Demerits
 It is fully based on self interest of
individual who wants to maximise its
satisfaction and minimise dissatisfaction.
 Harrods employees must be motivated by
applying this theory in corporate because
it induce them to perform well for higher
rewards.
 Under this employee focuses on their
objective only which is disadvantageous
at the time of performing team work for
organisation goals.
 Sometime rewards are given on the basis
of education qualification not on the
context of performance which affect the
morale of skilled employees.
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Illustration 2: Vroom's Expectancy Theory
Source 1: Vroom's Expectancy Theory, 2018

MCGREGOR PARTICIPATION THEORY
This theory is developed by Douglas McGregor in 1957 in which whole motivation
model is subdivided into theory X and Theory Y in which certain assumption has been made by
different organisation (Wellin, 2016). Therefore in theory X managers of Harrods make
assumption about their subordinates in following basis:-
 They dislike their work and try to avoid it
 Become lazy and always avoid to take higher responsibilities.
 Work which is indifferent from their organisational goals.
So, Harrods employees must consider all the above point and take corrective measure in
order to avoid all the problems arises from it.
Theory Y:
 These are self determined employees focuses fully on their work without any excuses.
 Committed towards their daily targets in order to take rewards and recognition.
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Illustration 3: MCGREGOR PARTICIPATION THEORY
Source 3: MCGREGOR Participation Theory, 2018

 Take all the responsibility very easily
Both theory X and theory Y are differentiate from each other so in order to make balance
under it strategic management Harrods evaluate such policies and strategies through which they
inspire weak employees by the strength of strong staff through organising some programmes
(Blandford, 2012).
Advantages Disadvantages
 Very effective technique in order to
motivate the employees who lack in
something.
 Motivate them for higher performances.
 Theory X create very hostile and uneasy
atmosphere.
 It is very hard to use both the theory with
each other.
Recommendation
It has analysed from the above three theory that motivation is one the important factor in
order to boost up the morale of employees (Molina, Faulks and Frencken, 2013). Further these
three theories can be used by organisation on different phase of situation in order to take the
utmost advantages from it. Therefore, strategic level of Harrods must examine all the pros and
cons of three theories so that they evaluate positive and negative factors from that. Apart from it
Harrods is a UK based departmental store which comprises of larger employees in order to
achieved long term objectives so to motivate and increase the feeling of enthusiasm manager
must adopt Expectancy theory where rewards are given to the basis of overall performance of
employees (6 Tips For Managing People Who Are Hard To Manage, 2017). Proper training
development programmes must be organised in order to create professionalism and give
guidance for adopting innovative sales techniques so they effectively communicate with their
clients. The main objectives behind it is to satisfy all over requirement of target audience.
3. Factors that influence behaviour of an individual
An organisation's worker naturally act differently at their working environment than they
behave in their usual routine or social settings cause of structure environment of organisation or
business. Motivation and proper evaluation of working individuals is required for an organisation
in order to understand the major need of the change as well as how to implement change in a
company. A variety of elements influence the behaviour of organisation as well as people of
company which are able to influence the firm in both positive or negative manner. All mentioned
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components will need proper procedures and policies, effectiveness of management and
communication or interaction among the employee. Human behaviour is complicated and
complex to understand as this changes according to different situation, consequences or
individuals within the company (Thackwray, 2014). As there are numerous internal as well as
external factors that can affect the business environment and organisational structure or culture
in more significant manner.
Harrods has been focusing over the change in organisational structure as the hierarchical
stricture contains more layers in the functioning system. The company has been working
adopting the matrix organisational structure in order to achieve their business objectives in
proper manner. In order to support to employee engagement activities, the company has planned
to evaluate the factors that influence individual behaviour and cooperative working structure of
of people of company. Here are mentioned some of those elements under: Social-cultural factor: The elements formed in the society affect an individual behaviour
in various ways. The social environment of a single person includes his relationship with
their family members, colleagues, friends, managers and subordinates. On the other hand,
the behaviour of other people is not with the individual but still it is important part of his
social environment (Poksinska, Swartling and Drotz, 2013). In an organisation, every
firm has specific cultural background, which form shape with his values and beliefs.
Work ethics accomplishment requirement, reward expectations and values are essential
cultural factors which directly impact on individual behaviour. These elements helps in
achieving them their basic targets and goals as well as aid. These elements includes the
social interaction, activities and events which is attended by an individual of enterprise
which shapes their skills, knowledge and information in more significant manner. This
increase worker's cooperative behaviour through contouring them for team work or social
communication within an organisation. Harrods need to undertake the consideration of
major social-cultural factors impact and coordinate various social activities. This can
enhance their productivity, creativity Psychological Factors: These factors are relatively more variable in terms of behaviour
resulting from the communication of worker within the organisation. These factors are
refer as mental factors which assist in protecting an individual behaviour in right mind set
for performing well. This factor affect on person behaviour for improving and performing
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their performance in proper manner. As Harrods is one of the popular and luxury
organisation within the company (Zou and Sunindijo, 2013). These traits affects the
individual behaviour in more significant manner. These elements include personality,
perception, attribute, morals and values of an individual or worker of the company. This
is required to modify the working environment according to the these elements in order to
promote cooperative behaviour within Harrods. Values seek out the ideas of individuals
which is desirable, good and appropriate for the enterprise. Political environment of the particular nation will affect the individual behaviour are not
directly, but there are various factors. For maintaining political stability in the country,
this will manage the level of employment and high level of capital investment in proper
manner. An organisation are reduces for investing huge sum of money in maintaining
stability within the specific country. Legal Environment: Laws and rules are structured and written behaviour standards. Both
laws and rules are strictly enforced through the legislative framework. The policies and
terms of enterprises that can aid in achieving the business objectives (Baines and et. al.,
2013). These elements not only help in creating more flexible and better working
environment but also help in increasing the transparency at workplace. Personal factors: This will directly influence on consumer behaviour. The personal
factors are term as individual factors to the consumer which strongly impact on their
buying behaviour in effective manner. Such factors are vary from people to people that
will result in various set of conceptualisation, behaviour and attitudes towards appropriate
products and services.
 Leadership: The leadership system is formed by the organisation's management to render
assistance, direction, coaching and advice to individuals. The behaviour of human is
impacted to the large extent through the leaders and superiors behaviours. This is one of
the major factors which directly and indirectly affects the behaviour of individual in more
significant and influencing manner (Lorenzen, 2014). Harrods need to change their
leadership style in more democratic in order to increase the employee engagement in
decision making procedure. It can perform more employee oriented activities, allowing
them to participate in decision making procedure as well as creating more diverged
workforce to company.
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Hence, these are the factors that is needed to be undertaken by Harrods in order to create
more cooperative working environment within the organisation. The company has been
promoting this behaviour within the company (Malmelin and Virta, 2016). This aid in meeting
those objectives and goals as well as meeting their target in better way. Through undertaking
those elements and meeting the desired outcome, corporation can imply the theories and
operation in better manner. Harrods has been focusing over the better communication within
their employees for better interaction of strategies, plans, schemes and policies conveyance in
effective manner. Through informing worker about day-to-day activities and directing whole
functions in more efficient manner, company can opt a radical improvement within their internal
structure that can encourage their worker as well as help in managing proper views and
administration of enterprise.
Understanding the requirements and effectiveness within the working environment,
Weber's classic company theory can be maintained by Harrods for implementing in the fixed
structure of enterprise. Here are mentioned as below:
Weber's Classic Organisational Theory
This is majorly used theory of organisational communication management which is
formed Max Weber which can be considered as the organisational studies pioneer as well. This
theory of bureaucratic company which is initial attempt to determine the structure organisation
as well as render communication meaning procedure which can incur within the company.
Webterian theory refer that company can clearly defined the responsibilities and roles as
well as hence interaction is structured, clear and hierarchical (Kramar, 2014). There is less
confusion scope in this communication theory that lead to the proper conveyance of message.
This is one of the best suitable theory in context of organisation which can aid Harrods in
managing their transparency in communication that can help in achieving success.
Recommendation: The individual behaviour is significant because it takes into account
of single person and group behaviour and different factors which directly impact on such
behaviours. It is essential for understand the people behaviour which representing within an
organisation for identify how it will doing work in effective manner. This is necessary for
company is to analyse their individual employee behaviour. Through analysing the factors,
company can develop more effective plans and activities within their working environment in
order to achieve the company objectives (Sorensen and et. al., 2013). Harrods can manage better
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and effective working environment through designing and implementing more effective
communication theory in order to convey the message in more appropriate manner. This is how
an organisation can manage their people and enhance their as well as organisation's productivity
in more effective style.
CONCLUSION
This can be summarised from the above mentioned report that managing human
resources is fundamental for an business organisation in order to achieve success. A company
need to provide proper activities linked with personnel for meeting the determined outcome and
increasing high quality. This report states that Harrods accompany most effective technique and
methods of recruitment and selection process which can aid in achieving their set work
performance. There are various techniques or process of hiring and selection that has been
identified such as internal, external and third-party recruitments methods that can assist one is
achieving their business activities. This report identifies the importance of motivation and its
basic concept which is essential for individual or people of company for meeting the business
objectives. There are various motivation theories which can aid people of company such as Two-
Factor Theory of Hertzberg, The Two-Factor Theory also known as motivation hygiene theory,
Hierarchy of Needs formed by Maslow', Hawthorne Effect, three dimensional attribution theory,
expectancy theory and many more. A variety of elements influence the behaviour of
organisation as well as people of company which are able to influence the firm in both positive
or negative manner.
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