Quality Management and Control Techniques

This assignment provides a comprehensive overview of quality management and control techniques. It covers the seven basic quality tools for process improvement, including cause-and-effect analysis, flowcharts, histograms, run charts, scatter diagrams, statistical process control, and Pareto charts. The document also touches on other related topics such as performance measurement and management, business process management, supply chain risk management, project management, and quality management. A summary of relevant online resources is provided for further learning.

Managing Project
Quality

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
ACTIVITY 1....................................................................................................................................1
1) Three basic quality management processes.......................................................................1
2) Five quality objectives considered in determining the quality requirement......................2
3) Five types of standards used to manage project quality.....................................................3
4) Standards used in quality management..............................................................................4
5) Initiation phase of quality management for a project.........................................................4
6) Roles that project stakeholders play in quality management.............................................4
7) Quality management plan..................................................................................................5
8) Four common features of both project and quality management.......................................5
9) Quality planning.................................................................................................................6
10) Main areas of focus for quality management...................................................................7
11) Organisation operational environment considered in quality planning...........................8
12) Quality management plan................................................................................................8
ACTIVITY 2....................................................................................................................................9
1) Quality assurance and its importance to project management...........................................9
2) Five factors that can be audited as a part of a quality assurance audit...............................9
3) Process that can be used to assess project quality............................................................10
4) Tools and techniques that can be used in the process of assessing quality control.........10
5) Quality management metrics...........................................................................................12
6) Methods that can be used to record and act upon a quality audit....................................13
ACTIVITY 3..................................................................................................................................14
1) Difference between quality control and quality assurance..............................................14
2) Control chart for reviewing processes..............................................................................14
3) Use of following tools and techniques used to review project outcomes........................15
4) Lessons learned of quality management..........................................................................22
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1..................................................................................................23
Question 1. Project management theory of project quality..................................................23
Question 2. Legislation, codes and national standards that can be applied to project quality
management..........................................................................................................................23
Question 3. Quality management methods, tools and techniques used to resolve the quality
issues.....................................................................................................................................24
Question 4. Roles and responsibilities for personnel types in project management QA.....25
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT 2..................................................................................................27
PROJECT 1....................................................................................................................................27
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................27
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................29

INTRODUCTION
A project is a set of activities in organization which define effective process in order to
achieve goals and objectives in an appropriate manner. Project is based on the amount of work
involved in business. Managing project’s quality is more important for company as it includes
overall activities of business which define the objectives, prime policy and requirement within
quality system. Basically, program quality management is an effective process which is required
in business to ensure about the project’s needs (Wysocki, 2011). This management includes
whole process and activities which are being performed within organization in order to
determine the requirement of quality. This is an essential term for firm to execute right process in
order to achieve the best quality of goals and objectives. This process is involved in every
organization to implement effective strategies and policies to manage the quality of business.
Quality of management helps in determining organization’s products and services with
consistency. It includes four types of components which are important for the organization in
order to achieve same effectively. These components are quality planning, assurance, control and
improvement.
Mainly, quality management focuses on product’s quality and services as well as it also
implements in their business process in order to get customer’s satisfaction by providing quality
products. The project’s quality management is a continuous process to monitor and control all
aspects of project which is performed in the organization. Present report is based on managing
project’s quality which define the way of managing overall activities and performing in
organization to achieve set objectives. Various quality management processes are defined in this
report which are also based on the project process that are having lots of activities in an effective
way (Turner, 2016). Different tools and techniques used in project outcome are also discussed in
this assignment. Further, various legislations, rules, codes and national standards are also defined
here which are applied in project’s quality management that assist in achieving the set goals and
objectives within set time period.
ACTIVITY 1
1) Three basic quality management processes
Quality management process is an essential process in business organization which
manage the effective quality of project and also increase efficiency. It is effective process which
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used in the organization to define and setting quality target and these are agreed by the service
users. This process helps in improving the performance of the team and organization as well.
There are three basic quality management process are as follows: Create a quality plan: This process is creating before manage quality of project. This
plan defines that how the manager understands about requirements of the quality, how to
measure the quality of projects (Tummala and Schoenherr, 2011). Quality plan describe
overall attribute control and assurance which helps in implement in the process in order
to knowing about the quality. Control the quality of deliverables (quality control): It is the effective process to
monitoring the deliverables in order to evaluate overall project quality. This process is
focus on overall performance of the activities. It is responsibility of project manager to
control the quality for deliverable. It includes testing, product checklists and deliverable
reviews. It also known by inspection.
 Assure the quality of deliverables (quality assurance): In this step the quality assurance
defines the quality activities while execution of project in business. This process of
quality assurance helps for the manager and sponsors.
2) Five quality objectives considered in determining the quality requirement
Quality requirement is common process of management of project. It defines the
expectation of customers for quality it includes quality factors, criteria and metrics. It is an
alternatives term for quality criteria (Trkman, 2010). Which is define by the company in order to
satisfy customers demands. There are five quality objectives which is defining in the
management of quality: Quality: This objective is based on the customers who required quality of products in
effective way. It defines the expectation of the service users that what they want from
company. Speed: This is defining the process to evaluate and show the time between requesting and
receiving of products. In this, customers request for the service and products and receives
that items. Between requesting and receiving of service is speed of time (Taticchi, Tonelli
and Cagnazzo, 2010). Flexibility: In this it defines the volume and deliver flexibility which evaluate by the
customers in order to create demand of products.
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 Dependability: It is the effective system which define quality of products so that it is
important to the company because it involve whole process of organisation which define
the intended to reduce the number of failures.
 Cost: It is an amount which is paid by the customers in order to get something like
products and service. It involves fixed and variable cost.
3) Five types of standards used to manage project quality
Manage project quality is more important to the organization because it define all the
activities which perform in the internal process of the business (Sun, 2010). It helps in fulfil all
the requirements which is related to the project. Managing project assist in achieving
organizational goals and objectives in effective manner. There are five types of standard which is
used in the organization to manage project quality:
Cost benefit analysis: - This is the key benefit in order to meet the quality requirements,
this will lead to the higher productivity in the lower cost.
Benchmarking: - The existing project generate the ideas for better improvement of
project quality. It also assist in measure and calculate overall performance.
Design of experiments: - It play the key role in the process of optimizing products. This
aid in reduce sensitivity of performance of products.
Cost of quality: - This incurred in preventing non-conformance to establish project
demands, appraising their conformance of the requirements.
Additional quality planning tools: - This tool used to define situation which helps in
effective planning and quality management activities.
All these tools can be used by an enterprise to measure and maintain the quality of product and
services. By this organization can deliver quality products to its customers and can capture larger
market share. Further competitive advantage can be achieving by firm from using these tools.
4) Standards used in quality management
These standards play very crucial role in the project quality management (Subramanian
and Ramanathan, 2012). The cost analysis helps in making and growing the result at the higher
with the quality and productivity in quite lesser cost and it also provide the great satisfaction to
their customers from the stakeholder of the company. Here the benchmarking is the process
which helps in measure the quality process and its performance. They used in the comparison
performing the organisation from the external sources (Seddon, Calvert and Yang, 2010). The
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design of experiment's main benefit is to framework the changes systematically and it is
important elements which is associated with the project. These conditions also focus on the result
and present the existing of the interactions. Cost of quality is also assist in appraising the
products and the cost of failure is classified into both internal and external costs. That may cause
the poor quality cost. The additional planning help in maintaining the quality effectively and
efficiently for the m activities of the management. This also engage with the matrix diagrams,
flowcharts, affinity diagrams, brainstorming and many more (Sallis, 2014).
5) Initiation phase of quality management for a project
In life cycle of project management, project initiation is the first stage which is starting
up of new project. It includes defining objectives, goals, mission, vision, purpose and scope of
the project. There are six steps which have to be followed when project is initiated. The steps are
given below:
 First step includes develop a business case.
 Second step is undertaking a feasibility study.
 Project charter is established.
 Appointment of project team which is very important for effective execution of a project.
 After that set up the project offline.
 Last stage is that perform a phase review.
There are few steps which are important to be followed when project is started.
6) Roles that project stakeholders play in quality management
An effective project affects the business activities. For successful project, it is more
important to achieve organizational goals and objectives with meeting the expectations of
stakeholders. Stakeholders are the individuals who involve in business process to invest in task
and make effective project which helps in gaining positive results (Schwalbe, 2015).
Stakeholders are play vital role in quality management of the project because they contribute in
the growth of the company. This role of stakeholder influences the knowledge of the project
which helps in maintaining the quality management of the projects. The important responsibility
of stakeholder is monitor and guide the efforts which is related to the organization and legal
regulation. In stakeholder many elements are their like creditors, suppliers. These are more
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important to manage the whole project quality which assist in achieving goals and objectives in
effective manner.
7) Quality management plan
Before controlling and assurance of quality, quality management plan is used in relation
to make the goods and services effective. Basically it is a formal document which define both
quality assurance and quality control in order to maintain the level of quality in the project
(Sadikoglu and Zehir, 2010). It is an effective process of making plan which considered best
guidance that how quality ensure of the project. It also evaluate the clear understanding about the
project quality that evaluate that how to maintain the quality in project terms. This plan is
making by the project team which measure the acceptable level of quality. There are some
components which evaluate and define by the quality management to maintain the effective
process in project:
 Quality objectives
 Reviewed for satisfaction of quality level
 Standard of quality
 Quality control and assurance activities
 Roles and responsibilities of quality
 Quality tools
 Making plan for reporting quality control and problems
8) Four common features of both project and quality management
A project is effective process to achieve organizational goals and objectives in effective
manner. It is effective planning in which define the best in order to making products and
purchase effective products and create service for customers (Ogunlana, 2010). There are some
important features of project:
 Every successful projects having start date and end dates. Which helps in completing
projects timely.
 Project have effective process in order to achieve positive results. All projects are define
with specific results. They having complexity in their process but after completing the
project it show new and innovative things.
 All projects are different from operations.
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 Projects needs many resources in order to deliver its results (Moe, Dingsøyr and Dybå,
2010).
 In project the major and important policies and projects are divided in subprojects.
Features of quality management:
Quality management is effective process which play important role in continuing
improvement of business. It focuses on customer’s satisfaction by providing better quality
products at lower price. Customers focus: In this organization focus of customers’ needs and demands and after
that deliver services accordingly in order to get higher satisfaction by them. Continuous process: It is continuous process which define constant efforts in order to
improve quality of project. It helps in facing all the challenges of the competitors and also
define the customers’ needs in appropriate manner. Employee involvement: In this process every one involve in the project process. It also
defines the finance, marketing, accounting which helps in evaluating the quality of
project. Employees are the back bone of the organization in order to attain success.
 Recognition and reward: It is internal process of the company (Meals, Dressing and
Davenport, 2010). Through rewards the company can maintain their positive workforce
which assist in improving of the quality of project.
9) Quality planning
It is the representation or many number of document which are define quality standard,
resources, practices, specifications, and also list all the activities related to the particular product,
service, contact and project. It is systematic process which explain various objectives, policies
and requirements and also lays down sequence off steps within given time period. It is not only
important that projects are completed in time but also it is important that make sure quality
assurance. Everybody knows the meaning of quality but it is important to understand the how
quality is used in project management. Quality of product is also can be determined by the level
of customer satisfaction. It is important to manufacture product which is related to that quality
standard which have to be matched with the customers need. These includes various practices
which have to be followed by the organisation for quality assurance.
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10) Main areas of focus for quality management
Quality management is an important process for organization which maintain the overall
quality of the project. It defines their main and important components which are helpful in
achieving end results such as quality planning, quality assurance, quality control and
improvement (Malhotra and Temponi, 2010). It is focus on product quality and also put efforts
on aching more quality consistent. There are some main areas of focus for quality management
in organisation are as follows: Customers focus: The main aim and function of quality management is to meet the
customer’s requirement and also increase the expectation of customers for the products
and service which served by the company in order to get higher satisfaction level by
them. Improvement: Quality management is basically focus on improvement which assist in
achieving effective outcomes and maintain effective process. Engagement of people: It is more important for the organization to empower and engage
all the employees and people in order to enhance the capability to evaluate the deliver
values in appropriate manner. Evidence based decision making: In this area decision making process is based on the
evaluation of data and other analysis which determine the desired results.
 Relationship management: In order to attain higher success, it is more important for the
business organization to manage its relationship with stakeholders.
All these are the main areas of managing quality by focusing on these areas firm can
increase the number of its profit and can deliver better products than its competitors. One of the
main advantage of managing quality is that it increases the goodwill and positive image of
organization.
11) Organisation operational environment considered in quality planning
Basically operation environment is an effective combination of all the factors which
influence the working process and also employment in the organization. It adding new
information of situational awareness so that workforce evaluates effective production in the
company (Leach, 2014). There are some key aspects of operational environment which is
considered in planning of quality are as follows:
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 Risk management: It is main and important key aspect of operational environment
which define proper management of risk at workplace. In organisation it defines proper
management of quality project which considered the appropriate mitigation plan in order
to evaluate the quality risk in working process. Enough resources: It is more important to define the effective workforce in operational
environment in order to evaluate the effective process of production (Kim, Kumar and
Kumar, 2012). Enough resources are more essential for the company to introduce the best
activities of the organization which maintain the project quality.
 Appropriate use of raw material: In operational environment the raw material is also
more important to run business at market with smoothness. Proper use of material in
organization helps in maintain the product quality and evaluate customer’s expectations.
These aspects are more effective and essential which should be consider in quality
planning in order to mention the overall performance of company. It helps in decision making
process which is take by the project team to develop the quality of project.
12) Quality management plan
Quality management plan define the quality level in organization. It is evaluated by the
customers and also describe that how project will ensure the quality level of project. It also
evaluated the overall performance of the process in workplace. Basically it provides effective
and useful guideline of project review and other protocol which is related to the project in
business organization. This plan of quality is generated by the project team to mention
organizational objectives. In every organization the project manager develops and define quality
plan which describe the process of the work and evaluate the project deliverable which helps in
meet the quality standard (Kerzner, 2013). There are some important components involved in the
quality management plan which are as follows:
 Objectives of quality
 Evaluate the key project deliverable which reviewed for satisfaction for quality stage
 Standard of quality
 Quality control and assurance activities
 Roles and responsibilities of quality
 Quality tools
 Develop effective plan for quality control and assurance
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These components helpful for project manager to evaluate the effective quality
management plan in order to meet customer’s expectations in an effective manner. Main
advantage of quality planning is that it provides opportunity to the manager to decide all the
activities of enterprise in advance and collected all the resources required for it.
ACTIVITY 2
1) Quality assurance and its importance to project management
Quality assurance is a way of preventing defects and mistakes in manufactured goods and
avoiding issues when delivering services or solutions to buyers. This term is often used
interchangeably to refer several ways of ensuring the product and service quality. It is a wider
concept that covers whole systematic activities and policies implemented with a system of
quality (Jacobs and Chase, 2013). It is all regarding meeting the expectations and needs of
buyers with respect to design, functionality, durability, reliability and price of the product etc.
Importance to product management:
 An idea exists in a management of project in that quality is only applicable towards
installation and manufacture of hardware. QA in projects spans the whole function of
project management and execution of processes which include quality assurance.
 QA ensure that the service and product quality exceeds and meets the buyer’s
requirements, so it is very important.
It is more essentials process to set the standard and SMART benchmarks as well as
control costs and delegates responsibility.
2) Five factors that can be audited as a part of a quality assurance audit
There are five factor of audited as per the type of quality assurance audit are as follows:
Research aim and objectives: It is a very essential part in a quality assurance to achieve
aims and objectives as well as improve product quality in a better way.
Data Validity: It is the best process of ensuring that events & programs are operates on
correct, useful and clean data of product and services.
Data Reliability: It is a state that present when data and information are sufficiently done
and error free to be persuasive for its context and purpose (Hoang and Rothaermel, 2010). Data
must meet another product test for evidence.
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Research limitation: Research will have several limitations, however, it is essential for
any organisation to be striving to decrease the range of limitation scope throughout the process
of research and give the limitation acknowledgement in an honest way.
Data analysis methods: There are two methods like Qualitative and Quantitative research
both are very important to measure the quality assurance audit.
3) Process that can be used to assess project quality
Project quality defines customers taste and preferences to evaluate their requirement.
Expectation and requirements can be measurable. But for the getting success of the project it
converts into specification which is measurable. In order to manage project quality, it is more
important to understand about the quality and how it related to the project. Measurement of
project quality is more important to evaluate the overall performance of the organization. For
better measuring the quality project it is responsibility of manager to meet the expectation of
quality of the service users (Gunny, 2010). For this, it is more important to define the
management of process. It is very hard to implement in the project because it controls the quality
level and provide assurance of customers that the project define the effective results which meet
their expectation in order to achieve positive outcomes. For better measuring the quality of
project there are three stage which help in describing the overall performance: Develop a quality
plan, quality control of deliverable and assurance of the quality level. These are assist in
measuring the customer’s expectation and maintaining project’s quality effectively.
4) Tools and techniques that can be used in the process of assessing quality control
Quality control defines the overall management of the quality project. It is an effective
system which maintain the standard of products with the help of testing of the sample in order to
evaluate the actual performance of the products at marketplace. It helps in ensuring the quality of
products at working place. It involve the training process, creating benchmarking and testing
products in order to evaluate and measure the significant variations. The main role of quality
management control is reduce the defective products and damage from the company and also
protect the customers. This process is depend on the product which is expected by the consumers
in order to satisfying their needs and wants in appropriate manner. This process of quality control
used for the quality assurance. There are some important tools and techniques which is used in
the process of measuring the quality control in the business process:
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 Cause and effect diagram: In this tools it describe that how factors are linked to potential
obstacles and effects. Control chart: It is effective tools which gathering the data to evaluate that it is process
has predictable performance. Flowcharting: It is a graphical presentation which shows an effective process of
activities and decision making point which happened in the business process (De Bakker,
Boonstra and Wortmann, 2010). It helps in analysing the whole problems which happen
in the company process in maintaining the project. Run chart: It is line graph which define and show the data point in order to evaluate and
determine the history and pattern of variation.
 Scatter diagram: It show the overall pattern of relationship which is define between two
different variables. It allow to the determining the effective and possible relation among
changes which is evaluate in the two variables. This process is done by the whole quality
team.
There are more effective and advance tools which also measure the control quality are as
follows: Statistical sampling: It is a best technique which define some of population in order to
reduce the quality control in organization. It is based on the random process that is more
beneficial to the company in order to get best results. Inspection: It is based on the examination of the product which is conduct at every level
of organization to evaluate the standard of products at organization.
 Defect repair review: This tool is effective which is taken by the quality team to ensure
that defect products are repaired and which having with specification or requirement.
5) Quality management metrics
Metrics is an effective element in the management which define and show the diagram in
order to show the relationship between two or more than two groups information. This process
define the overall relationship and its strength and measurement of effective roles which play by
the different people and individuals. There are six different shaped matrices which is depend on
various groups:
Matrices Description
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L- shaped It helps in summarizing the customers’
requirements. It is most common format which
is used in the organization in Oder to define
numerical specifications.
T- shaped This matrix is related to the products model,
location of the manufacturing and its
customers.
Y- shaped This shaped of matrix define the relationship
among customers’ requirements. It includes
internal process and departments which define
the primary responsibility of the customers.
C- shaped In this matrix C stands for cube because it
having three dimensional. It is used in the
organization in order to comparing the group
simultaneously (Crossan and Apaydin, 2010).
Basically is also related to the products in order
to maintain the overall performance of the
project.
X- shaped This is related to the T shaped matrix which is
define the relationship within customers,
manufacturing and location. It also include the
freight lines which define lots of information to
define the effective performance.
Roof- shaped This define the overall group of term. Which is
used to define the overall quality of products.
In this it define the roof of house quality of the
products.
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6) Methods that can be used to record and act upon a quality audit
Quality audit is a systematic process which helps in evaluating the actual standard of
quality. It is related to financial audit in order to maintain and evaluate the overall performance
of project in financials term. It verify the quality standard and maintain the assurance of the
quality in effective manner. Quality audit process define continuous performance and promoting
the culture of the project. It help in gathering all the facts to improve the overall performance of
the company in appropriate way. It is essential tool to verifying all the setting goals and
objectives of the business. There are two type of methods which assist in record the quality audit
in effective manner which are as follows:
Qualitative method: It is a process under which company uses questionnaires. It defines
all the position, structure, size and many more elements which is exist in the firm (Conti, 2012).
It is primary process to understanding about the subject and process of the company. It also
focusses on the beliefs, analysis words in the firm.
Quantitative method: This method defines systematic and mathematical process to
evaluate and gather the relevant information about the organization process. It is an investing
process of project by using table, graphs and figures that sow the relating among all the
variables. It defines that what content and data have in organization. It records top to bottom
record to measure overall performance.
These two methods are essential for every organization to measure the overall quality of
project and standard of company. It assists in recording all the relevant information which is
related to the quality audit of project. These records are more important for company in order to
achieve its goals and objectives in an appropriate way.
ACTIVITY 3
1) Difference between quality control and quality assurance
Quality assurance and quality control both are important factors for the quality
management. It assists in measuring the overall performance of the quality of product and
standard.
Quality Assurance (QA) Quality Control (QC)
It is an effective process that focuses on
defining assurance evaluate that the product
Quality control focus on fulfilling the all
quality requests.
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quality request achieved.
This method is based on manage the quality
verification.
It is based on verification of the quality
validation.
The main aim of quality assurance is to prevent
the defect.
The important aim of quality control is
identify and fix the defects.
Quality assurance is a preventive technique. Quality control is corrective technique.
It does not define and involve executing
programs.
Executing programs is always there in this
method.
It define the creative deliverable. It is that process to verify the deliverable.
This method involves in full software
development life cycle.
This involve in test8ing life cycle of full
software (Baird, Jia Hu and Reeve, 2011).
This process is done before quality control. This method is done after quality assurance.
It involve whole team in their process. This method involve only testing team in their
process.
This process consume less time to done their
process.
It take more time to completing their process.
2) Control chart for reviewing processes
Control chart is a graphical process which define and show the effective study about the
change process. It always having central line which define the average, upper line show the
control boundary and last lower line define the lower limit of control in the quality management.
This process is related to the variable data which is used in the pair system. This chart is also
known as Shewhart chart which is an effective statistical control tool in order to defining the
manufacturing process of the product. It assists in measuring and monitoring the performance of
company as well as products and define the improvement process to achieve positive end results.
This charts used for continuous improvement in the performance and it perform a specified
process in which evaluation of special cause of variation get done (Amiri, 2010). It help in
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eliminate the cause to avoid same problems in the future and make the work effective and
efficient.
3) Use of following tools and techniques used to review project outcomes
In quality management the tools and techniques are more important to reviewing all over
performance of the project which is evaluated by the researcher in order to get best outcomes.
There are some effective tools which involve in measuring the quality management:
 Cause and effect diagram: It is an effective method which define the best relationship
among contribution factors. Is also known as fish bone diagram because it looks like fish.
The main and important function of this method is define issue in the process of
management quality. It assist in defining the various potential issues and also evaluating
the overall effect.
 Flow chart: it is an effective and important measurement which showing the starting of
the process, point of decision and end process. In quality management flow chart is first
step which create and define the all steps that are using in the management of quality.
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(Source: Cost and effect (Fish bone diagram), 2017)

The main of this chart is to analysing, designing, documenting and managing all the
process in different field to get positive results.
16
(Source: Flow Chart, 2017)

 Histogram: It is a vertical chart that define the distribution of set of data and information.
Histogram is an effective tool which is used in the management of the project to analyse
of collective data. It also a graphical representation which define the estimate of the
profitability and interpretation of numerical data (Alvesson and Sandberg, 2013). It is
simple bar graph in order to measurement of the frequency of data.
 Pareto chart: This method is used to identify the business issues which needs to
attention. Pareto chart is bar graph process which define the frequency and cost. The
main function of this chart is to analyse the data which define the cause of problems. This
method is very effective for manage the quality of project. It shows the vertical bars
which evaluate the most important problem in the process of project which helps in
improving the overall quality of the project.
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(Source: Histogram, 2016)

 Run chart: It is very simple method to improve the process involvement. It helps in
tracking the information and predicting the pattern. It also useful for the firm to identify
the trends and sifts in their process of management. A run chart is used in evaluating the
changes and observe the data in order to define the pattern and trends in their process. It
shows by the vertical line and horizontal line.
18
(Source: Run Chart, 2017)
(Source: Pareto Chart, 2017)

 Scatter diagram: It is similar to the line graph which used in both vertical and horizontal.
It mentioned that how one product affect other one. This define relationship between two
variables is also called as correlation. It is very useful method to measure the relation
between two variables. It is best process to comparing large number of data points and it
also define the relation among them so that appropriate actions can be carried down.
 Statistical sampling: It defines the limited number of observation which is related to
population. It is applied by the researcher while doing the sampling in their process. It is
an effective process of choosing the individuals in larger number of observation. In this
the sampling is a fundamental process which define two aspect of sampling that is
profitability and another one is non profitability. These are using in the statistical process
in the management of the quality to ensure about the entire population.
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(Source: Scatter Chart, 2017)

 Inspection: It is an important procedure to examine all the process which perform or
execute in quality management. It involves various type of activity like measurement,
testing, gauging and comparison of different materials. It signifies that all the process
should be done in appropriate manner and materials are of proper quality and in best
status. It is an effective process to measure and testing all product, service and process
which determine quality management (Alexander, 2013). It also evaluate the
requirements which based on judgement of professionals.
4) Lessons learned of quality management
The term is lessons learned define the quality improvement in the project management
process. Manage project quality is more effective process which determine the overall
performance of every improvement aspects. That define the use of various tools and technique to
evaluate quality of the project and also define the standard of firm in effective way. Quality
management is very long process and strategic approach but it gives fairly and quick results. On
other hand the organizational culture change takes more time to implement the effective process
at the firm workplace. In this the progress is very slow. For improve the quality and reduce
operation cost it is more important for the firm to reduce the wastage and rework. By using
quality tools in their daily basis working process all the members are having its goals and
objectives in effective manner. Learning lessons helps in sharing all the process and understand
that how to evaluate the effective process to develop the quality of the project and sustain
improvement process in the workplace (Statistical Process Control, 2017).
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(Source1: Statistical sampling, 2017)

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1
Question 1. Project management theory of project quality
Project quality management is more essential for the organization which describe the
overall performance of the all activities which is performing in the project management. Project
management is a discipline of taking initiating, planning and executing the process in order to
manage the quality of the business as well as project. There are some important theories which
applied in the business in order to motivate the employee to maintain the quality of the project:
the effective and best project management theory is Bottom up theory which define the
investigation of the investment process which define focus of individual stock and overall
financial condition of the company. In this approach the local participate in decision making
process which can be related to the strategies and priorities. The main and important function of
this approach is to increase the capability of the employee and project also so that it gives
positive results in appropriate manner.
Question 2. Legislation, codes and national standards that can be applied to project quality
management
Quality management is very effective process to measure the overall standard of the
quality project. This process helps in meeting the customers’ requirements and enhancing the
satisfaction level (Scatter Diagram, 2017). There is some national standard which applied in the
project quality management in order to achieve positive outcomes: ISO 13485: It define the relation within quality of the project and maintain standard in
effective manner. ISO 9000: 2005: It provide relevant information which is used in the quality
management process to maintain effective performance of the project. It defines best
guidelines to attain success. ISO 9001: 2008: This standard related to quality assurance and management which meet
set project aims and objectives ISO 9004: 2009: It define the improvement of the project and maintain overall quality in
order to get success in their project and implement the best activities to achieve success.
 ISO 9001: 2000: In this it required the compliance or certification which assist in
maintain the sequence and also interact of the process in project management.
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These national standards are more important to maintain the overall performance of project
and also, the quality of project management.
Question 3. Quality management methods, tools and techniques used to resolve the quality issues
There are various types of tools and techniques which is used in solving the issue and
monitors all the factors in order to improvement in the project management (Cause and Effect,
2017). These are more important to the organization which assist in defining the best
opportunities to solve the conflicts which arise in the quality management. There are some best
tools and techniques to solve the quality issue:
Tools Description
Flow chart It is an important method of quality management which is used in
defining the relation of organizational structure. Flow chart helps in
defining the changes while improvements are made and also identify
the new work process in appropriate manner.
Check sheet It is a basic tool which is used in collecting the data which helps in
identifying the opportunities which assist in reducing the number of
question that asked to the employee.
Cause and effect
diagram
It also called as fish bone diagram which show the many cause of the
obstacles. In this method the first term is identify the problems and
then define the overall possible cause of the project. This process also
helps in improving the plan and resolve all the conflicts.
Pareto chart It shows the top to bottom process. For this method and tools it is
very easy process to improve the efforts in the project management
and eliminate issue of the quality.
Control chart It is used in plotting the data points on over time and evaluate the
actual picture of movement of the data. The main function of this tool
is monitoring the overall performance and show the relation between
common cause and special cause variation.
Histogram It is a bar chart which define the data pattern and show the critical
22

condition of the process.
Scatter diagram This method defines the relationship among the variables. It show the
overall cause and effect in the project (Flowchart, 2017). It also assist
in resolving the quality issue which arise in project management.
Question 4. Roles and responsibilities for personnel types in project management QA
In organization employees work together in order to attain success in their project. The
effective projects are deemed to getting success it undertakes create and unique products and
service. In the project management there are five project level which define their roles and
responsibilities in order to effective measuring their process in order to get positive end results.
There are some personnel’s types in project management:
Business sponsor: It is most important role of senior project level. They responsible for
all aspects which is perform in the organization. They have all rights and authority to take any
kind of decision for the project and convert their information to their subordinates.
Roles and responsibilities of business sponsor:
 They owner of the business and project.
 Ensure about the funds and resources which is used in the business project.
 Responding all the issues.
Business visionary: It is also senior level of management. They all are responsible for
the implementing needs of business sponsor. Business visionary define best vision for the
company in order to achieve long term goals in appropriate manner (Histogram, 2016). They
monitor all the process which against in the vision so that they evaluate effective results to set
their objectives in effective way.
Roles and responsibilities of business visionary:
 Widely implementation of organizational perspectives
 Identify business vision
 Communicating and promoting vision in the business process
 Collaborate with stakeholders
Project manager: They responsible for all aspect which is performing in the project
management process and deliver all the relevant solution. Project manager provide effective
management direction to the project team members (When to Use a Pareto Chart, 2017). They
23

effective manage their process at high level and make best planning to implement all the
activities in effective manner and deliver quality products.
Roles and responsibilities of project manager:
 Communicating with senior management about the project
 Monitoring all the process which is related with project plan
 Manage uncertainty in the project process
 Motivate their team members to perform their best and achieve goals and objectives
 Handle all the difficult situation
Technical coordinator: They are also important for the project management because
they ensure that solution department team done their work with constant way (THE 7 BASIC
QUALITY TOOLS FOR PROCESS IMPROVEMENT, 2017). They have rights to take decision to
hold the project and take innovative ideas in order to achieve the higher success of the project.
Roles and responsibilities of technical coordinators:
 Controlling the all process of technical architecture.
 Identifying environment of the technical. Give advice to maintain coordination in all the
technical activities and also a team.
 Ensure about the all non-financial requirements.
 Resolve all the technical conflicts among the team members.
Team leader: It is more important for the organization because the team leader motivate
their employees and ensure about the solution. Team leader leads the team and coordinate whole
process of the project in order to getting higher success in the project. The main and important
role of leadership that is lead its team and all the aspects which is related to the products process.
Team leader is more important to the team in order to convey the right guideline to its workers
while perform the task so that they get positive end results by them. Some responsibilities of
team leader are as follows:
 Motivate its workers to ensure about the on time delivery of the products.
 Assist in encouraging their workers to perform best at workplace.
 Monitoring all the process in daily basis.
 Reporting to the project manager regarding all the process.
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SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT 2
PROJECT 1
1) Quality needs and expectation would determine by formulating some standard and tools. This
aid them in working in an appropriate manner and maintain a quality of a company (RUN
CHART, 2017). As management have to take this point in account so that they can maintain
appropriate quality level.
2) There are various project management tools are identified which can be used by an
organisation. Total quality management and some other tools and metrics are used by a company
to comply with proper quality standard.
3) All these tools, techniques and metrics are essential part of quality management concern.
These all tools and metrics are beneficial for the project quality management as they lead to
make the information more reliable and appropriate.
4) All the management have to determine their roles and responsibilities towards managing the
quality of project. As this aid them in performing all the things in an adequate manner which is
beneficial for the long term sustainability and existence.
5) There are different sorts of methods are identified which have to use by a team member in
ensuring the quality. But for this project few of them are short listed out of them one has been
choose. Such method is appropriate for the project management quality which is flow chart,
check list are the beneficial (Introduction to Quality management, 2017).
6) Monitor of quality and performance is more important for the firm in order to maintain quality
of project as well as products. This aid in identifying that whether project is getting done in right
direction or not. Flow chart and check list are the encounter as beneficial tool for such aspect.
This aid in monitoring and evaluating the quality.
7) By maintaining a proper record of quality, company can manage the quality of all projects.
This is helpful for them in the long term. Along with that, proper record management can ensure
that whether they are working in the right direction or not.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that managing project quality is more
important to every organization in order to achieve its goals and objectives in an appropriate
manner. It also explain quality assurance of a project which to ensure to meet set standards . it
25

assist in maintaining the overall performance of company. Various tools and techniques are
summarized in this report which used by the company to evaluate the performance and measure
conflicts that arise in the project management. Different roles and responsibilities of personnel
also assist in making the best plan that implement in the quality of project management in an
effective manner. It has been assessed that company get effective results within stipulated time
frame by using various tools to measure overall productivity.
26

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