Analyzing the Managerial Style, Leadership Style, and Motivation Strategies of Marks & Spencer

This report analyzes the managerial style, leadership style, and motivation strategies of Marks & Spencer. It covers the CEO's managerial style, changes in organizational structure, effects of power and conflict, and various motivation strategies used by the company.

An extensive research
on the company
Marks & Spencer
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Analyse the managerial style of the CEO using suitable managerial model...............................3
Examination of step taken by CEO to bring a change in organisation structure.........................5
Describe the leadership style of the CEO of that firm to enhance the organisational
effectiveness................................................................................................................................6
Examine the effects of power, influence and conflict at the chosen company............................8
Explain the various types of motivation strategies used at your chosen company......................8
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.......................................................................................................9
Use of appropriate corporate examples and literature.................................................................9
Recommendations......................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
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INTRODUCTION
Organization is the wider term that established by a person by arranging raw material,
products, financial, physical, intellectual, and other sources which are important to run a
business. Organizational theory can be understood as involvement of definitions, concepts and
approaches that shows how people behave individually to achieve their personal as well as
common goals. In other words, organizational model describes actions as whole which states
what needs to do in running a business and manage functions (Salim, Sundarakani, and Lasrado,
2019). The meaning of corporation is a group of people who ready to work together and maintain
good relations with intent to accomplish business goals. To understand the concept of theories
and behaviour company taken is Marks & Spencer, which established in 1884 by Michael Marks
and Thomas Spencer for the purpose of providing different types of products and services at
retail cost. The products in which it deals are home products, food, décor and clothing that fills
customer demand and increase sales. The report covers managerial style, changes taken by
management, effect of power, politics and leadership style that increase performance.
MAIN BODY
Analyse the managerial style of the CEO using suitable managerial model
A managerial style encompasses the way and method that used by management to
manage work and increase performance. This is a particular way people go about attaining their
decided goals. In an organization number of people works collectively who understands goal and
engage in all activities which can help to manage higher performance. The management function
is planning, organising, directing, delegating, decision-making, and controlling, performed by
individual to operating business accurately (Zhao, Zhang, Tang, and Song, 2020). The CEO of
M&S adjust their managerial style as per responding to various factors and increasing
performance that are as explained:
Types of Managerial Style:
 Autocratic – This style is based on top –down information based activities that
perform by management for the purpose of doing task properly. It is rigid in nature
where only a person has right to make decision and lead by top management to
complete work. No employees involved to take any action and formulation of
strategies. The CEO of M&S set their goals by own self and don’t share with
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employees. All functions and activities are managed by managers and increase
productivity (Waheed, Miao, Waheed, Ahmad, and Majeed, 2019).
Pros Cons
 The CEO of M&S take decision
quickly and gets work done from
employees.
 This can help to manage all function as
top management have power.
 This create conflicts between employer
and employees.
 Increases employee turnover due to
dissatisfaction while working.
 Laissez-faire management style: In this style, CEO of organization give rights to their
staff along with work that can help to make right decision and perform well. In
other words, it is hands off approach to leadership where employees feel free to
work and engaged in all activities. The CEO of M&S, can use management style by
deciding goals and allocating work properly (Beunza, and Ferraro, 2019).
Pros Cons
 The management of M&S motivates
employees and complete task
effectively.
 Organization brings innovation and
new technology by influencing people.
 In case work is not done properly b
employees then management become
responsible for work.
 May lead to confusion regarding roles
and responsibilities of staff.
Blake Mouton Managerial Grid:
The model was founded by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton that is based on organizational
management, used to operate a business regularly. The model explained below:
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 Concern for people: This degree explains requirement of employees while deciding how
attain business goals in certain period of time. In relation to M&S, management is highly
concerned about management, employees, and authority compliance management that
helps to get work done timely (Tarigan, Jiputra, and Siagian, 2021).
 Concerns for production: This degree states results over production by managing all
functions and activities effectively. The CEO of M&S, brings innovation and new
services as they are highly concerned about target production which can help to perform
well and increase productivity.
Examination of step taken by CEO to bring a change in organisation structure
It is important that the CEO of M&S is able to identify the change which is required to be
made in the organisation structure (Fennell, 2021). For this purpose, the analysis of Handy's four
types of organisational cultures can be done in quite a proper and appropriate manner. It includes
the following-
 Power culture- In this type of culture, the power is concentrated with only some people
and therefore this creates a particular level of impact because decisions can be taken by
only these people (Gerlak, Heikkila and Newig, 2020). If it is adopted in M&S then this
will lead towards centralization of the decision-making power and thus will create an
impact on the organization.
 Role culture- In this type of culture, there are various types of roles which can be given
to the different types of people in the organisation. If it is adopted in M&S then this will
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lead towards taking of better decisions and will thus help a lot in ensuring that the
enhancement in the overall level of efficiency and effectiveness.
 Task culture- In this type of culture, there are various types of tasks which are allocated
to the people within the organization according to their capability level (Lewis and et.al.,
2020). Therefore, In the context of M&S it can be stated that the adoption of this
particular culture will be quite helpful in ensuring that it is able to attain the future goals
and objectives in a better manner.
 Person culture- In this type of culture, the focus is made on the different types of people
in the organisation (Wagire and et.al., 2021). Therefore, if M&S adopts it then this will
be quite helpful in ensuring that it can appropriately enhance the overall level of
efficiency and effectiveness in a proper and appropriate manner.
Justification- The CEO of M&S should make sure that the Task culture is adopted
within the organisation because through making its use the different types of tasks can be
allocated to the people depending upon their capability level. Therefore, in this way it can be
ensured that the managers of the organisation are able to enhance the overall level of efficiency
and effectiveness in quite a proper and appropriate manner in this way. This will be useful as the
attainment of the goals and objectives in the future can be done in this way.
Describe the leadership style of the CEO of that firm to enhance the organisational effectiveness.
Leadership styles refers to a leader’s characteristic behaviour at the time of directing,
guiding, motivating, and managing groups of people who ready to work and developing
activities. This inspire social change and political movement that can help to increase business
performance. For organization it is important to adopt effective leadership style as it guides
employees how to work and complete goals. The description of number of leadership style are as
explained:
 Participative leadership: This leadership is known as delegated leadership style that
used by employer to involves all employees in their business activities and attaining
outcomes. The CEO of M&S take participation in decided task and allocate
employee’s roles as well as responsibilities wisely that can help to make good future
position (Wanyama, and Nyaga, 2019).
Pros Cons
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 Participative leadership allows staff to
take participate in each function and
manage business activities effectively.
 This helps to increase high level of
production by arranging people at the
workplace and gets work done.
 This is time taken leadership style that
consume time to share information and
taking opinion of all working staff.
 Herein, major chances of arising
conflicts between employer and
employees.
 Transactional leadership: This leadership styles connected to adopting changes and
providing reward, punishment and other exchange to their employees which can help to
develop organizational productivity. The management of M&S focused over give and
take strategy which influence number of people and gets work complete in certain period.
Pros Cons
 Herein, leaders are responsive who
maintain effective working culture.
 This motivates followers by knowing
their interest and skills to work.
 The employees make decision to leave
in case not adopting changes properly
as it lead low motivation and threat of
punishment. .
Contingency theory of leadership:
This theory of leadership based on ideas and leadership approaches which arises in
specific environment and supports to solve the contingency. It has seen that sometimes problem
happens suddenly at the workplace and started to affects organization productivity. In this
situation, contingency theory used by management to sole issue by bringing change and
managing all functions properly. The leaders of M&S use contingency theory where leader
guides their staff about their work and present task clearly that helps to attain business goals
(Demir, and Budur, 2019).
Pros Cons
 This is volatile in nature that brings change
according to situation and solve it properly.
 This helps leaders of M& to make right
business decision and encourage staff to
 This theory is not appropriate for
all situation so it might affect
productivity.
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show their interest (Tierney, 2020).  It is difficult to apply at the
workplace.
Examine the effects of power, influence and conflict at the chosen company.
Effects of Power: Power is termed to ability and capacity of an individual that used to
influence people’s behaviour and managing functions. The basis of determining power is
personality, skills, authority and knowledge that possess by people to show their talent and get
work done. M&S uses French and Raven model to show their power at the workplace such as:
Legitimate – This power comes in CEO of M&S from believing that it has formal right
to make decision and others has to follow. This create the feeling to obedient for their
employees.
Coercive – This power can use by leader of chosen organization by punishing employees
for their non-compliance and threat of termination.
Reward – The employer of M&S organization could use this power by analysing
employee’s performance and give them rewards as well as compensation that helps to make feel
good and manage work properly (Karadaș, 2019).
Expert – This power could be used by Top management of chosen company as it has
high level of skills and knowledge to work well.
Justification – The CEO of M&S opted expert power to complete the work as it allocates
work between skilled and talented employees who manage each task properly. This can help to
increase organizational performance by arranging people at right place and motivate to
accomplish business goals.
Effects of conflicts: It has seen that power and conflicts go simultaneously where it is
beneficial for organization to avoid conflicts by understanding problems and providing best
solution. In M&S, if conflicts arise then it directly affects organization’s quality and productivity
of work.
Explain the various types of motivation strategies used at your chosen company.
Motivation is the continuous process of identifying needs, initiating, guiding and
maintaining goal oriented behaviour that can help to develop the business performance. It is
biological and emotional term that uses by management to influence people and doing work
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properly. It is beneficial for organization that their employees are enough motivated and
supportive as it can help to accomplish business goals. In relation to M&S, management plays
important role in motivation strategies as it identifies all needs of their staff and assist them
properly which helps to motivate and increase the organizational productivity. The chosen
organization followed Motivation strategy that is defined below:
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory of motivation which uses by industry in order to
operate the business by arranging the employees at right place. M&S Company use it in different
stages such as:
Physiological needs: Employees who are working in organisation have some basis needs
such as food, water, shelter, sex, air, and sleep which provided by management of M&S
company (Bagdadli, and Gianecchini, 2019).
Safety and security: The employee of M&S is demanding some basic safety and
security such as Health and wellness, financial security, safety against accident and injury.
Social needs: This means people of M&S is demanding social needs such as friendship,
love, family, community groups, and attachment that provides by employer and increase
satisfaction level.
Esteem needs: This is another needs that become important for employees of M&S
Company to get respect and appreciation in front of others that can helps to feel assets of
organization and work effectively.
Self-actualisation needs: The employee of M&S require to be analyse their performance
that all needs are fulfilled properly. With the help of this employees understand themselves a part
of organisation and work effectively.
The advantage of this theory is that it is beneficial for employees and organisation as it fills
the individual's needs and wants by delivering quality of products and services. When the
employees of M&S are motivated by the way of meeting their needs in the organisation, they can
improve in their performance and give their contribution to accomplish business goals.
Use of appropriate corporate examples and literature
Big Retailers like Tesco and Sainsbury's have to make sure that they are able to quite
properly and appropriately manage the processes which is therefore quite helpful for them in
attaining the required goals and objectives in a proper and appropriate manner. Therefore, it can
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be stated that in this way the management style in both of these companies is quite good which
helps in managing the needs and requirements in a better way. Thus, it can be stated that the
managers can appropriately take the necessary actions which are important for taking the
company forward.
According to Joe Neely, there are different types of Management Styles for Effective
Leadership (6 Types of Management Styles for Effective Leadership, 2020). These are explained
as follows-
 Autocratic Management Style- In this style, the managers have absolute control and
take the decisions accordingly. Therefore, it can be stated that this leads to faster
decision-making.
 Affiliative Management Style- In this style, the promotion to connection and harmony
between the team members can be provided. Therefore, it can be stated that this can be
quite useful for the managers of the organisations.
 Coaching Management Style- In this style, leaders and managers act like coaches so
that they can inspire, encourage and guide their teams. Thus, it can be stated that this can
be highly helpful for the managers of the organisations and can help them in taking better
decisions.
 Democratic Management Style- In this style, the democratic leaders value listening,
collaboration and investment. Thus, in this way it can be stated that this can be useful for
the managers in the organisations so that they are able to consult others before taking
decisions.
 Pacesetting Management Style- In this style, the pacesetting leaders make sure that they
can use their experience in a certain market so that they can get the most from the highly-
motivated workers.
 Visionary Management Style- In this style, the managers need teams to invest heavily
but situations do not allow democratic leadership and therefore the visionaries rise to the
occasion.
Recommendations
It is quite important that the organisational performance can be enhanced so that the
attainment of the goals and objectives can be done in a right and proper way. The following
recommendations can be provided to the managers of M&S-
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 Division of tasks- It is important that the division of tasks can be done in such a way so
that the management of M&S is able to make sure that the overall level of efficiency and
effectiveness level can be enhanced in this way. This will be quite useful and helpful in
increasing the organisational performance.
 Setting appropriate benchmarks- It is also necessary that the setting of the appropriate
benchmarks can be done within the organizations. The managers of M&S can consider it
so that they are able to bring the required level of improvement in the level of
performance.
 Regular measurement of performance- It is important that the regular measurement of
performance can be carried out. In the context of M&S, it can be stated that this will be
quite helpful in ensuring that the right steps can be taken for the attainment of the
necessary goals and objectives.
 Taking of necessary actions- It is quite important that the necessary actions can be taken
so that the goals and objectives are attained. For an organisation like M&S, it will be
highly useful so that the deviations and variations are identified and thus the appropriate
rectifications can be made in quite an appropriate manner. In this way, the company will
be able to attain the desired level of success.
CONCLUSION
From the report it can be concluded that organisational theory refers to behaviour of any
individual that used to influence people and complete work. Motivational theory shows how
effective their employees are motivating after filling their basic needs and others which supports
to work more. Leadership style are based on leader behaviour that used to guide people and
managing work effectively.
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REFERENCES
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Salim, T. A., Sundarakani, B. and Lasrado, F., 2019. The relationship between TQM practices
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slack. The TQM Journal.
Waheed, A., Miao, X., Waheed, S., Ahmad, N. and Majeed, A., 2019. How new HRM practices,
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Online
6 Types of Management Styles for Effective Leadership. 2020. [Online]. Available through:
<https://toggl.com/blog/management-styles>
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(Salim, Sundarakani, and Lasrado, 2019) (Waheed, Miao, Waheed, Ahmad, and Majeed, 2019)
(Tarigan, Jiputra, and Siagian, 2021) (Wanyama, and Nyaga, 2019) (Demir, and Budur, 2019)
(Karadaș, 2019) (Bagdadli, and Gianecchini, 2019) (Beunza, and Ferraro, 2019) (Zhao, Zhang,
Tang, and Song, 2020) (Tierney, 2020)
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