Operation and Project Management : M&S and Portakabin
Verified
Added on  2021/02/20
|20
|6293
|69
AI Summary
Contribute Materials
Your contribution can guide someone’s learning journey. Share your
documents today.
Operation and Project Management
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 PART 1............................................................................................................................................3 Overview of the chosen organisation.....................................................................................3 Difference between operation and operational management.................................................3 Critique and review of the execution of operations management principles.........................4 Analyse the extent to which the operations management meets the organisational requirement ................................................................................................................................................5 Describe continuous improvement plan and define lean principles.......................................6 Develop continuous improvement plan..................................................................................7 Use continuous improvement principle, justify recommendations to improve organisational functions.................................................................................................................................8 PART 2............................................................................................................................................8 Overview of case study mentioned in brief............................................................................8 Define each stage of PLC......................................................................................................8 Importance of designing and implementing PLC.................................................................11 Explain business case study along with cost benefit analysis of the project........................11 How cost saving techniques could be incorporated in PLC.................................................13 Prepare a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for developing of a new product.................13 Produce a Gantt Chart..........................................................................................................13 Analysis of project methodologies, tools and leadership....................................................15 Critique and review effectiveness of PLC in project application by using concepts and models ..............................................................................................................................................17 Analyse techniques which ensure quality, scope and tenure in the project implementation18 Critically evaluate the PLC.................................................................................................18 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................19 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................20
INTRODUCTION Operationalmanagementisdisposal of variousbusinesspracticeswhichhelpsan organisation to create higher level of efficiency so that the overall profitability of the business can be increased. Also, it focus on managing the process of product creation, development, promotion and distribution. Whereas project management can be define as a process which is related to the planning and organising the company's resources to accomplish a specific task or project. As per the given brief, the two organisations will be taken in this file which are M&S and Portakabin,these both are related to the manufacturing company. This study will cover about the different kind of principles of operation management and preparation of continuous improvement plan along with its principles according to the reviewcritique of operation management principles. Moreover, the evaluation of effectiveness of the project life cycle also will be discussed in this report. PART 1 Overview of the chosen organisation Mark and Spencer is a well recognised British multinational retailer which is leading their business in high quality clothes, home and food products. It is established by Michael marks and Thomas Spencer in 1884 which headquarters are located in Westminster and London. They are operating their business globally through its 1463 stores and with the help of its almost 80,787 employees. The main motive of this company is to cover a big market place by offering a range of quality products(Morris, 2013). Difference between operation and operational management Operations are the functions or activities of an organisation which is performed by them in order to covert its raw material into finished goods. So that the final products can be delivered to the customers and profit can be minimised. These function includes machining, milling, paining and assembling materials. Whereas, operation management portrays as a key part of management team as it offers a set of processes of designing, executing and monitoring its operations so that the desired outcomes can be achieved in the limited period of time. Another, operation refers to the act, process and manner of operating a business in order attain the higher level of productivity. Whereas, the operation management depicts to the
management and organising all the activities which are related to the production of products on the regular basis. Critique and review of the execution of operations management principles. The several principles of operation management are available which are crucial for the business organisation to be critically analysed and reviewed in order to implement a most appropriate principle within the business organisation. As the main focus of M&S is to build a smooth supply chain and gain competitive advantage so that it is essential for them to adopt an effective principle in their operations so that they will be able to attain their desired outcomes in a short duration of time(Elimam and Dodin, 2013).Here are given various principles which should be evaluated by M&S so that best principle can be implemented. Principle of Organisation:This principles of operation management pertains that an organisation must focus on the proper utilisation of the organisational resources so that the productivity of the operations can be managed. As the M&S is a manufacturing company so it is necessary for them to organised all those resources which are essential forproducingaproduct.Also,forimprovingtheirsupplychainandgettingthe competitiveadvantagetheyshouldfocusonusinghybridtrucksandupdated technologies. But in order to adopt some changes in their operations they have to give their more time and funds due to which the overall cost of their activities will be increased. Principle of Change:It depicts that an organisation must stay concern for adopting new changes in their operations and working procedures so that they will be able to sustain in the market and gain competitive advantage.By adopting this principle in the organisation M&S can get higher success as it will enables them to operate their business as per the current market.Itbecome more essential for that company which is indulging in the manufacturingactivitieslikeM&Sasitwillhelp themin implementingchanges according to the current market trends and customers demand in order to attain higher success and growth in the marketplace. But while the manger of M&S have to give their more focus on the research activities and give higher training to their employees due to which the company will be delay in accomplishing their goals(Todorović and et. al., 2015).
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
ď‚·Principle of Reality:In order to achieving the desired outcomes a company must focus on the real situations rather than the assumptions. Due to the leading their business in manufacturing so M&S should focus on the overall management of their processes not only a specific technique and process.This principle also will help them in solving out the issue of supply chain and competitive benefit as it allows them to work on the basis of actual situations which will help them in finding the present issue in their supply chain and problem in attaining the competitive advantage. ď‚·Principle of quality control:In order to make the supply chain smooth and beat the competitors manager of M&S must focus on maintaining the quality of its products so that they will be able to attain more customers attention and increase their overall sales. In terms of achieving the desired outcomes manager of M&S must consider the different theories in their operations which are as follow: Lean production:This is a most appropriate approach which will help the manager of M&S in eliminating all the negative procedures from their production activities so that the defects and wastage can be reduced. As per this system considered that the wastage is occur due to the overburden on the employees as they have to do more efforts to complete their given task on time. Flexible specialisation:This is the another approach which will help the organisation in making their position strong in the competitive market. As it insist the manager of M&S to use multi-usage technologies and appoint multi-skilled employees so that production level of the business can be increased with the support of experienced and skilled employees. Analyse the extent to which the operations management meets the organisational requirement All the operation management principles helps the business in achieving their objectives and goals effectively in the limited period of time. In order to accomplish the goals of the business Portakabin can use the concept of Six Sigma and lean principle within their business as both of these concept helps them to eliminate all the defects from their operations so that the they can operate all the business activities effectively without any crisis and can attain huge success and growth in their business. Describe continuous improvement plan and define lean principles Continuousimprovementplancomprisesvariousactivitieswithinwhich helpsthe business to bring some necessary changes in their products, services and processes by taking the
constant feedbacks and reviews. This will help the business of M&S to evaluate their working methods or procedures so that the required changes can be implemented according to the current market segments(Brones, de Carvalho, and de Senzi Zancul, 2014).To achieve the succession in the change program M&S should use lean principles which are describe beneath: Lean principle-lean principles consist various tools within which help the business to reduce their wastage and eliminate the variations from their production operations. It is very beneficial for M&S as it will provide them the great understanding about that what, when and howtheircustomerswantstheproductssothatthecustomerssatisfactionandoverall profitability of the business can be increased. Lean principles posses five tools within includes value, value stream, perfection, flow and pull. Define the valueIn this first principle the manager of M&S will evaluate the value of their products like they will discover that the rendering products and its price are able to impact on the customers mind or not. For this, manager can use qualitative and quantitative approach which will allows them to find out that what and how their customers wants the productssothattheoverallperformanceofthebusinesscanbe enhanced. Mapping value streamIn this aspect the value of each process like production, designing and branding will be mapped so that all the process can be done in an optimal manner in order to get higher competitive advantage. Creating flowThis principle pertains the monitor and control program so that the flow of operations can run smoothly without any kind of interruptions. Establishing a pullThe main focus of this principle is to limit the wastage of inventory for this organisation is using Just-In-Time method which will give them assurance to maintain the appropriate level of stock which they are needed for smoothly run their production activities. Pursuing perfectionThisprincipleinspirethefirmtopuseinnovativeandupdated techniques in their manufacturing activities so that the products can be produced as per the current market trends which results higher success of the organisation in the marketplace.
All the above explained lean principles are very profitable for the company as it helps the company to minimise its expenses and proper utilisation of resources. But in order to sustain in the marketplace it is essential for M&S to formulate a continuous improvement plan so that they can stick in the market for a longer period of time(Too and Weaver, 2014). Develop continuous improvement plan It is an effective approach which helps the business to mange the changes in their working processes and services. Adopting a change is not an easy task so it is necessary for the manager of M&S to focus on the following a model which will assist them to effectively execute changes. Continuous Improvement Plan For M&S: BASISEXISTING METHODOLOGYPROPOSED METHODOLOGY CostM&Sisconcernforadoptingthe changesintechnologyrapidlywhich increasetheircostofproductionbut helpsthemtoattainthecompetitive advantage and increase their customers satisfaction. The strategy which can use by them is lean manufacturing as it will assist them thathowtheycaneliminatewastage from their operations which will help to save their extra cost and increase their revenue. QualityTheM&Shasrenderedthe responsibilities to their local managers to take the decisions according to the customersrequirementsofaspecific areas but this will lead them in quality reduction of their products. They must focus on TQM approach as it will help to manage the quality of their products so that they can attract a range of customers in their products. SafetyTheyshouldstayconcernforthose conflicts which are occurring due to the frequently changes. This may increase or decrease the demand which create the problem of safety of the inventory. This issue can be resolves by adopting the just-in-time method as it will help them to manage their inventory as per their requirements. DeliveryAs M&S is into retailing business soThis can be done by M&S effectively
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
thatthedeliveryfactorismost important for them whether it is related to take the delivery form the supplier or deliver to the customers. when they give their focus on adopting the six sigma method as this will help them to eliminate the defects from each stage of their processes. Use continuous improvement principle, justify recommendations to improve organisational functions After analysing all the above elements, the following two recommendations are given to the company: ď‚·Company needs to utilise the latest technologies in their production activities so that the cost can be reduced and products quality can be maintained. ď‚·Other, Manager of M&S must focus on using Just-In-Time method as it will able them to maintain an optimal level of stock so that the production process can be run effectively and the wastage of inventory can be reduced which results saving the cost of warehouses and the higher level of profitability(Maylor, Turner and Murray-Webster, 2015). PART 2 Overview of case study mentioned in brief For understanding this, the given organisation isPortakabin which is a modular building innovator and leading their business in constructing portable and transportable. This company is operating their business in 6 countries through its more than 1300 people. It is a business to business organisation in which their customers are other businesses operates in both secondary and territory sector and focus on manufacturing and hiring various buildings. The buildings of this company are developed off-site and transported and constructed on-site. For introducing more technology in the world they haveintroduced their first portable PK16 building in 1961. After this, currently Portakabin launched a new product which is Yorkon Building System(YBS). The main motive of the company behind introducing a new system is providing flexibility in mapping an overview and volume mass(Turkulainen and et. al., 2013). Define each stage of PLC Project life cycle proffers a four step of process which is adopt by a company in order to accomplish their project targets and objectives effectively. AsPortakabin is going to launch a
new building system so it is necessary for them to follow up stage of this PLC appropriately so that the motive of this project can be achieved. These stages are defined below: ď‚·Project initiation:This is the first level of PLC in which the project manager will be determined all the processes, strategies, risk and their objectives.In the initiation phase of the project the project manager need to be consider various steps like to determine the goal of the project, ascertaining scope, identifying stakeholders, develop a business case and developing a statement of work. All these steps will help the project manager in operating all the business operations effectively.In this stage, managerneeds to adopt democratic leadership style as in this level the participation of the employees is required for introducing them from all the processes. By determining all these aspectsPortakabin will be able to build their Yorkon Building System effective and successful by executing strategic strategies and plans in their operations. ď‚·Project planning:It is a continuous going process as it run until the project will be complete. It is the stage in which project manager will make a plan regarding to the availability of resources, cost and time(Mir and Pinnington, 2014).In order to make an appropriate plan the manager require to keep their eye on each and every step such as creating a project plan, gathering resources, identifying risk and build an effective team for successful formulatingall the plan related to effectively implementing their project strategies and procedures.This plan will be success only when leader focus on the democratic style as this step is related to the planning in which the presence of the employees are essential to take effective decisions. Aslaunching a new portable building system is a very difficult task so it is essential for the project manager to built an effective plan so that the objectives of the project can be attained in a short duration of time.
ď‚·Project execution:This is an important step in PLC as it is related to the execution of strategies and plans.As this is the crucial phase of their project life cycle so it become essential for the manager of the Portakabin to consider various steps like creating task and briefing team members on it, establish proper communication channels, tracking the quality of work and managing budget. By following each step effectively Portakabin manager will be able to execute their plan effectively and attaining their desired outcomes easily.As for executing their project plans leaders can use autocratic leadership style as in this the involvement of the employees is not required. Other, for rendering the facility of movable or portable building to the customers Portakabin must focus on the properly implementing all the methods and procedures so that they will be able to meet the requirements of their customers on time. ď‚·Project closure:In this last stage of PLC, the project manager will analyse that the organisational activities are going according to their set standards or not.For this they can utilise various measures like evaluating business performance, team performance, documenting project closure,post implementation feedbacks, accounting for used and non used budgets. In this aspect the business manager can use the Benchmarking and KPI technique as these both techniques will help them in an effective manner. KPI will assist them in assessing the success and failure of the project whereas benchmarking allow them to compare their process and methods to other reputed organisations so that they
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
can choose the best option for them and can achieve the goals and objectives of their project.These all will help them in ascertaining that all the operations are going in the right direction or not than the project manager will be able to take decisionsrelated to closetheprojectbyconsideringthatprojectgoalsandobjectiveshavebeen accomplished(Sterman and et. al., 2015). After discussing the project management plan it can be stated that it is essential for the manager ofPortakabin to execute a PLC as it will help them to the each stage of their project. Also, it will enables them to identify about their customer needs and wants so that they will be able to deliver the services according to customers which results higher success and growth of the business. Importance of designing and implementing PLC In order to effectively execute the project strategies and plans the business needs to adopt PLC in their business operations as this will ensure them to get success at the each and every stage of the project. This will help the Portakabin to operate all their business operations effectively so that the project objectives can be accomplished in a significant manner and can attain the huge succession and growth in the marketplace. Explain business case study along with cost benefit analysis of the project. Business case Business case is written and formal document which is braced by manager of the company intended to gather all the necessary information for the decision maker so that they will be able to facilitate their decisions according to the requirement.It has great importance for the company as it will help the decision makers in make appropriate decisions by identifying the risk, opportunities and threats of the business. As the business case is mixture of all the information which will help the manager in ascertaining that the determined strategies or methods are able to achieve the objectives of the project or not.By preparing this statement project manager of Portakabin will be able to evaluate their market and customers segments for their new product which will enables them to operate all the business activities accordingly. Company overviewPortakabin is a UK based organisation which is leading modular building innovator for more than 50 years. It is B2B firm as they are offering their services to other businesses. The company is initiating a new system
which isYorkon Building System in which they have focussed on introducing a portable and movable building in the marketplace. Vision and missionAs current company is operating their business in 6 counties due to which the main mission and vision of the company is to expand their business globally so that the big marketplace can be covered in the limited period of time(Beringer, Jonas and Kock, 2013). ObjectiveThe main objective of this company is to provide innovative building to the customer which can easily portable from one to another place. StrategyCompany is focussing on constantly adopting effective marketing strategy so that they will be able stay ahead from their competitors. Follow upThis factor enables the project manager to examine that all the framed strategies and plans are following up effectively or not. Project plan CostThe approximate cost requisite for this project is ÂŁ15,000- ÂŁ 20,000. CommunicationThis the most important element within the business organisation which depicts that in order to accomplish all the business activities effectively Portakabin needs to establish proper communication channels so that all the people within the firm can be communicate with each other easily regarding to introducing new technologies in the marketplace(Pemsel and Wiewiora, 2013). ScopeScope of this project is higher as it provides the flexible and energy efficient building to their customers. Cost benefit analysis- Cost benefit analysis is the most appropriate term for the business as it helps them to find out the profit of each operation by analysing the benefit of a operation and then subtracts it from its associated cost. In the context ofPortakabin, it will provide huge benefit to them as with the help of this they can analyse the execution cost of their operation and can determine the profit
also. By identifying the cost and profit they can find out existing variances and the reason behind it which will enables the manager to implement necessary changes so that the overall cost be decreased and profitability can be enhanced. How cost saving techniques could be incorporated in PLC The business organisation of Portakabin must consider some effective techniques in their operations which will help them in minimising the cost and maximising the profitability. In this aspect they can adopt the Just in time method as it will assist them in managing the proper inventory in the business so that they can maintain the proper flow in their production activities without any crisis. Prepare a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for developing of a new product. Work break down structure: WBS is a method of breaking out all the complex and wide project into smaller parts so that all the activities can be done in a faster and significant manner. In case ofPortakabin, by adopting the work breakdown structure, they can divide their work related to the establish a portable and transportable building among all the employees effectively. It will also helps them to motivate their employees as they does not have to take higher pressure of their work due to which they will be accomplished its responsibilities in a most significance way(Martins and Martins, 2012).
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
Produce a Gantt Chart Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chat which is widely used in project management as it is the most useful in representing all the business activities effectively against time. By preparing this business of Portakabin will accomplish their work according to their pre-determined time frame and plan and can establish proper control and monitor on their activities.
Analysis of project methodologies, tools and leadership At the different stages of the PLC several methodologies, leadership and tools are requires which help the project manager to execute their project effectively. Stages of PLCMethodologies,ToolsLeadership InitiationAt this stage the business caseisusedas methodologyasitwill The company will use the RASCI tool which stands forresponsibilities, Visionary style will use in this aspect as leaders will be able to deliver an
help them to ascertain the businessproblemsand opportunities. Along with the six sigma and Agile methodologieswillalso use in this stage as it will helpthemtoeliminate thewastagefromtheir operations so that all the activitiescanberun smoothly. accountability,sign-offs, consultedandinformed. Itmakestheeasy businessoperationbut consume higher time. appropriate vision to the employees.Butinthis case the staff will force to follow all that strategies whichhavesetbythe managerthatcanmight leadthenegativeeffect onmotivationofthe employees. PlanningProjectplanisusedin this stage as it will help them to ascertain the plan fordifferentaspects effectively. WBS and Gantt chart will use by the company as it will help to break their workamongallthe employees so that project can be accomplished on time. Democratic style will use by the leaders as it will helpthemtomake effectivelyplanforthe business. ExecutionInthiscasetheRapid applicationdevelopment methodologies will use to execute all the business operations effectively by establishingproper monitor on it. PERT- CPM will utilise as a tool as it will help the business to ascertain the sequence so that the efforts and time can be utilised properly. Coaching style is used by the leaders to guide the employeessothatthey canoperatealltheir businessoperations appropriately. ClosureAtthisstage,the benchmarking No tool is required in this stage. Strategicleadershipis used which assist them to
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
methodology will use by themanagerasitwill enables them to ascertain the success and failure of the project strategies and methods. convince their customers for deliverables. Critique and review effectiveness of PLC in project application by using concepts and models Adopting a project management plan is not sufficient for the business organisation but also evaluating the effective of this PLC is necessary for the organisation so that they can find out that their activities are going in the right direction or not. For this, Portakabin can use the Waterfall modelwhich consist four element which are define below: ď‚·Requirement:This is the first phase of the model which reflects that an organisation must focus on evaluating deadlines and guidelines of the project and the requirements of the customerswhich will help them in effectively conducting the first level of PLC which is project initiation.As it will enables them to operate all the activities according to the market and finish it on the set deadlines. In order to accomplish all the business activities effectively Portakabin should use six sigma method in their operations as it will help them to eliminate all the defect from their operations and helps them to identify about the availability of the resources(Subramanian and Ramanathan, 2012). ď‚·Design:In the second stage, the company will design the technical requirements like how and which technologies they need to accomplish their project objectives and goals.This will help the company to effectively made a project plan regarding to all the resources which are needed in attain the project goals.As thePortakabin is going to introduce a new building so it is essential for them to focus on innovative techniques so that they will be able to cover a huge marketplace. ď‚·Development:This stage refers to the development of strategies and plans so that all the operationsofthebusinesscanrunsmoothlywithoutanycrisis.Bydeveloping appropriate plans or strategies business will be able to execute their project efficaciously which will help the business to achieve its goals and objectives easily. In order to operate the activities effectively manager of Portakabin must focus on adopting democratic
leadership style so that they can motive their employees to support in developing new innovative plans in the marketplace(Gunasekaran and Ngai, 2012). ď‚·Testing and maintenance:At this last stage, manager should focus on the testing and maintaining their plans or strategies that they are able to adding value in their processes or not.This will help them to ascertain the last step of PLC as it will assist them in evaluating their project effectiveness so that it can be determined that project goals and objectives has been fulfilled or not so that the further activities of the future can be determined.By proper testing and monitoring their operational procedures Portakabin will be able to cover a higher position in the marketplace within a short duration of time. Analyse techniques whichensure quality, scope and tenure in the project implementation The organisation needs to adopt effective techniques in their project in order to maintain the quality, scope and tenure of their project. In this aspect, the Portakabin organisation must focus on adopting the TQM and lead principles in their business operations so that the quality of the business operations can be maintained by eliminate the defects so that the scope of the project can be enlarged. Also, this will help them to accomplish their project with great efficiency in a limited period of time. Critically evaluate the PLC The above discussed Project life cycle is very important for the business organisation to operate all the project activities effectively. It is beneficial for the business in an significance manner but it has also some negative points. Like the PLC will help the Portakabin in increasing the customer satisfaction, efficient goals setting and all the activities of the project effectively. Whereas, it will lead them in downfall position like it might create complexities and lack of creativity as the leaders will force the staff to do their work according to their set parameters which hinder the succession chances of the organisation.
CONCLUSION From the above study, it can be understood that it is essential for any kind of organisation to manage their operations in order to accomplish the objectives of their project. In this aspect, the various principles of operation management are given which helps the business to conduct its operations in an effective manner. Other, with the help of continuous improvement plan business of Portakabin can get higher success and growth in the marketplace by managing all the changes intheiroperationsaccordingtocurrentmarketsegments.Alongwiththis,theproject management plan helps the business to manage the activity of each level so that desired outcomes can be attained in the specific period of time.
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
REFERENCES Books & Journals Beringer, C., Jonas, D. and Kock, A., 2013. Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio management and its impact on success.International Journal of Project Management. 31(6). pp.830-846. Brones,F.,deCarvalho,M.M.anddeSenziZancul,E.,2014.Ecodesigninproject management:amissinglinkfortheintegrationofsustainabilityinproduct development?.Journal of Cleaner Production.80.pp.106-118. Elimam, A. A. and Dodin, B., 2013. Project scheduling in optimizing integrated supply chain operations.European Journal of Operational Research.224(3). pp.530-541. Gunasekaran, A. and Ngai, E. W., 2012. The future of operations management: an outlook and analysis.International Journal of Production Economics.135(2). pp.687-701. Martins, V. A. and Martins, M. R., 2012. Outsourcing operations in project management offices: The reality of Brazilian companies.Project Management Journal.43(2). pp.68-83. Matthews, R. L. and Marzec, P. E., 2012. Social capital, a theory for operations management: a systematic review of the evidence.International Journal of Production Research. 50(24). pp.7081-7099. Maylor, H., Turner, N. and Murray-Webster, R., 2015. “It worked for manufacturing…!”: Operationsstrategyinproject-basedoperations.InternationalJournalofProject Management.33(1). pp.103-115. Mir, F. A. and Pinnington, A. H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International journal of project management.32(2). pp.202-217. Morris, P., 2013. Reconstructingproject managementreprised: A knowledge perspective. Project Management Journal.44(5). pp.6-23. Pemsel, S. and Wiewiora, A., 2013. Project management office a knowledge broker in project- based organisations.International journal of project management.31(1). pp.31-42. Sterman, J., and et. al., 2015. System dynamics perspectives and modeling opportunities for research in operations management.Journal of Operations Management.39.p.40. Subramanian, N. and Ramanathan, R., 2012. A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process in operations management.International Journal of Production Economics. 138(2). pp.215-241. Todorović, M.L., and et. al., 2015. Project success analysis framework: A knowledge-based approach in project management.International Journal of Project Management.33(4). pp.772-783. Too, E. G. and Weaver, P., 2014. The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance.International Journal of Project Management.32(8). pp.1382-1394. Turkulainen, V., and et. al., 2013. Organizing in the context of global project-based firm—The case of sales–operations interface.Industrial Marketing Management.42(2). pp.223- 233.