Comparison of Roles and Characteristics of a Leader and Manager

This report compares the different roles and characteristics of a leader and manager, and explores theories and approaches to leadership. It also examines the functions of leaders and managers in TESCO and the importance of operational management in achieving business objectives.

Operation
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
P1 Comparison of different roles and characteristics of a leader and manager...........................3
M1. Difference between the role of a leader and manager..........................................................4
D1. Analyse and different theories and approaches to leadership...............................................5
P2. Examine examples of the roles of a leader and the functions of a manager..........................5
P3. Theories and models to approach situational leadership, system leadership and
contingency..................................................................................................................................8
M2. Strengths and weakness of different approaches to situation within the work environment.
......................................................................................................................................................9
P4. Approaches to the operations management and the role of leaders and management..........9
P5. Importance and values of operational management to achieve the objective.....................10
M3. Improvement by the leaders to successfully meet the business objectives........................11
P6. Different factors of business environment which impact on operational management and
decision-marking........................................................................................................................12
D2. Applications of operations management and the factors impact on the wider business
environment...............................................................................................................................13
M4. Factors that affect the business environment and wider community.................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Operational management is the administration of an organization and this helps in
creating the success for the longer term. It focuses on the management of the employee as well as
of the organization by providing the good quality products and services and maximizing the
profit. This report includes the comparison between the different roles and characteristics of the
of a leader and manager and it also includes the different approached and the theories to the
leadership and the roles and function of the leaders and managers of TESCO and the importance
and values of the operational management in achieving the business objectives and last, this
report describes the improvement in the efficiency of the operational management by the help of
managers and leaders.
P1 Comparison of different roles and characteristics of a leader and manager.
A good leader is makes every company productive and also encourage the employees to
achieve the goal and a good and efficient team leader decides the future of the company. In order
to run the business for the longer time, there are certain roles and characteristics of a leader and
manager and this also includes the different approaches and activities in the TESCO group.
Manager controls the whole management operation and also reflects in the company profits and
organization. Management also impacts on managing activities of the business and increases the
company effectiveness by increasing its profit and a leader enhance the efficiency of the
employees to achieve the long term goal. Leadership is the organizational approach which
provides the best result and motivating the other employees in order to give the significant
contribution in the success of organization (Albrecht and Dasigi., 2016).
There are different roles and responsibilities of the leaders and managers which includes the
planning, leading and controlling the whole management and making the function of
management smooth and organized that are follows-
 Planning
Planning is the most important factor for the organization to achieve the goal and give the long
term success to the organization and this can only be possible by effective and innovative leaders
and managers. TESCO is the successful organization in the world and this is because of the
better management and strategic planning and this increases the market share of TESCO. The
main advantage of the pre and post planning is that it reduces the barriers and minimize the

uncertainties, facilitates the coordination, improves the employees efficiency and also provides
the competitive advantage to the company (Deihimi, Zahed and Iravani., 2016).
 Organizing
The function helps the organization in synchronizing the employees as well as the company to
achieve the better results and these makes the effective and efficient coordination between the
company's responsibilities and authorities. TESCO is currently having wide range of customers
base and this is because of wide range of products and the qualitative services and this can be
possible by the better coordination and organization of the policies in the business (Futaki and
Kobayashi., 2018).
 Leading
The function of a leader is to motivate and inspire the employees by giving them appreciation for
their work to maximize the productivity and efficiency of an organization. In TESCO, the time
management and the proper ordering channel gives the valuable guidance to the employees and
increase their confidence and this will be more beneficial for TESCO to achieve the long term
goal and because of the better leading qualities, TESCO group is into the several sectors such as
online shopping, joint ventures, strategic collaboration with the other companies
(Hasegawa.,2017).
 Controlling
This function focuses on the reviewing and analyzing the overall performance of the employees
and business to take the further action for improvising their efficiency. IN TESCO, the
performance and budget is on the top most priority that helps in achieving the goals and the
performance is necessary for controlling the techniques by the respective operation of the
business (Katano and Tamura, Fujitsu Ltd, 2017).
M1. Difference between the role of a leader and manager.
Manager Leader
The main function of the manager is to set the
proper goal for the benefit of an organization.
Leader guides the employees and encourage
them by giving the boost to their potential.
Manager maintains the communication
between the whole company and also makes
the policies for the organization.
The responsibilities of a leader is to
communicate with the employees as per the
set policies and resolve their problems and this

is only possible by avoiding the
communication gap between employees and
leader (Kato, NEC Corp, 2015).
Manager focuses on the main activities and the
function of an organization.
Leader focuses on the employees to achieve
the goal and contribute in the success of an
organization.
Managers allot the work or assign the task to
the employees.
Leader motivates and encourage the employees
to complete the task on time.
D1. Analyse and different theories and approaches to leadership.
There are different types of theories and approaches to the leadership that are as follows-
 Interpersonal roles
This role include the personality, lifestyle and the characteristics of the leader and the good
leader reflects on the image of company. TESCO is famous for its good quality products and
services and this allows the company in constituting the employees traits and also their behaviour
and characteristics that will be beneficial for their organization.
 Informational roles
Informational roles are helpful in decision-making process that allows the company in managing
the activities and relationship. In TESCO, the information distribution chain initiate the
organization to the take every type of responsibilities to enjoy the benefits for the longer term.
 Decisional roles
The decision-making roles encourages the organization in achieving the mission and vision of an
organization. The decision-making of TESCO put the tremendous efforts in achieving the goal
and this is done by increasing the goodwill to achieve the better results (Keahey, Riteau and
Timkovich., 2017).
P2. Examples of the roles of a leader and the functions of a manager.
The leader and manager are the pillars of organization which helps in achieving the
success and gives the growth to the organization. The leadership and management qualities of
TESCO is the only reason of success of this organization. There are several improvements and
characteristics of the company that must be changed by analysing varied types of traits of

leadership and also smoothed the functionality of the company. There are various situations and
challenges that focuses on the effectiveness of the organization which includes the certain types
of activities that are as follows-
 Stable situation
The stable situation consists of business that is not liable to the further changes and this influence
on the process and the objectives of an organization and this helps in maintaining the longevity
and the sustainability of the company. For example, if TESCO did not take the steps during
recession then the company could lose its productivity and also could make the company
unstable. If in the market, there is no change in the company during inflation and recession then
this give the better stability and sustainability to the company and will not affect the entire
organization (Kindaichi and Nishina., 2018).
 Situational change
In the previous years, when the competition was not so much in between the companies so that
the businesses remain constant and hunted by the slow growth and sometimes the company lost
its productivity. TESCO is one the finest organization that is regularly showing the uniform and
increasing growth rate and in the market, the change in inflation rate moderates the situation that
impacts on the result (Meindl., 2016).
 Fast changing situation
This situation is the most important and rapid situation for the organization that can change the
culture and work environment of the business. For example, there is a rapid change in the stock
market because of the gradual and fast change in the company's shares and also the public and
private companies are regularly changing their business models and ideas that changes the shares
rate in microseconds.
TESCO also adopts the slow and steady situations to get the uniform rise in the business and it
also involves the several handling functions that safeguard the objectives and benefits of an
organization and also not influenced the results. TESCO is one of the top leader of UK in retail
marketing and the strategic management allows the function that increases the benefits of an
organization.
Inner organizational changes
This change influences the company by its internal functioning and this is generally influenced
by the administrative changes because the administration changes the whole functioning of the

business and also impacts on the result. These changes can be management change, employees
policy change and also the financial change of the organization and this also impacts on
planning, marketing and the staffing activity of the organization. TESCO also changes its inner
environment by increasing its diversification of products and services and this is giving the better
results to this organization (Parisio, Rikos and Glielmo., 2016).
Outer organization changes
This kind of changes influenced on the external factors of the company and focuses on
government regulations, change in tax policies, economic conditions, changes the competition
scenario and also changes the priorities and this impact on the organization at the macro level.
TESCO, the company is influenced by the organizational purposes and also affect the stability
and the increase in the tax and economic conditions and directly impacts on the monetary system
of an organization. The organizational functions of TESCO are focused on achieving the results
which involves the slow to moderate position and this also includes-
 Planning
The planning of TESCO is to adopt the slow to moderate positioning, various planning
techniques and this includes the budget allocation and utilization of the resources and the
availability of the skilled employees can take the better decisions.
 Organizing
The main purpose of TESCO group is to maintain the productivity and stability of an
organization and this gives the better results and maintain the economy of the business.
 Leading
The leading function of TESCO is to gain the high growth and this can be possible by the better
marketing strategies and the utilization of the resources that can be fluctuated according to the
public demand and preferences and also by encouraging the employees to achieve goal for the
longer term and if the company is successful in achieving all the goals then it will give the longer
sustainability to the company (Radosavljević, Jevtić and Klimenta., 2016).
 Controlling
This function allows the TESCO to control the whole operation of the company that can be
internal and external and also reviewing the policies to get the success and also monitoring and
analysing the certain policies in an appropriate manner to maximize the profit.
Leadership styles

 Directive style
This leadership style is helpful in communicating with the other employees and give them a
purposeful organizational objective. This kind of leadership styles are not having any type of
guidance and support from the leaders.
 Supportive style
This kind of leaders are completely involves in the employee management and this reduces the
stress and the burden from the employees and this increases the confidence and motivation of the
employees and the employees will continue in the company for the longer term. The supportive
leaders are always beneficial for the company and contribute in the success.
 Participative styles
This style initiates the decision-making of an organization and also evaluate the methods and
results in order to maintain the productivity and maximize the profit and strength of the
company.
 Achievement-oriented styles
In this style, the organizations analyze the results according to the performance, level of
employability, skills, confidence and the way company achieves the target.
TESCO has adopted several innovative and leadership styles that gives the better growth to the
organization and the decision-making quality of TESCO gives the advantage to the employees as
well as to the company and this results in undertaking the organizational purpose and the
methods that attain the productivity of an organization (Suresh and Rao., 2017).
P3. Theories and models to approach situational leadership, system leadership and contingency.
Leaders are the backbone of the company that contributes in the success of an organization.
There are various aspects of the organizational purposes that gives helps in achieving the results
and this directly impacts on the growth of the company. There are several models and theories
are related to the leadership styles that are as follows-
 Situational leadership theory initiates the organizational behaviour and the employees to
achieve the success. This theory is also known as the life cycle theory because it relates
with the entire performance of the employee as well as of the business and this all
depends on the leader and on the way the leader address their teams members. TESCO
enables the employees and the company to achieve the goal and also this organization

adopts this theory for the evolution of various kinds of theories and factors in order to
achieve to recommending the various actions taken by the organization.
 The system theory in the organization generally evaluates the general laws of systems
and the purpose of system theory is to identifying and developing the principles by
integrating various social laws. System theory concentrate on the concepts and the
convention of the company that includes two systems i.e., active and passive system. In
TESCO group, the employees are trained and motivates according to the results required
by the company and this enables the employees to be habitual of the working
environment and this impacts on the company image (Takagi and Tamura., Fujitsu Ltd,
2019).
 The contingency theory explains the influence of various factors on the company and the
decision-making is on the top most quality. This theory on the TESCO group influences
on decision handling taken the senior management and the better and planned decision
always impacts on the growth of the company. In this approach varied characteristics
influence that reflects on the system and contingency approach for the varied results of
the aspects that has been drawn in the organizational purposes for the relative position of
the company.
M2. Strengths and weakness of different approaches to situation within the work environment.
Strengths Weakness
Empowering leaders and their leadership
qualities.
Failed operation and the unsystematic planning
of the organization.
Increasing the profits and maximizing the
returns.
Gradual decrease in the profits and shares.
Increasing the productivity of the employees as
well as of the organization.
Low cost strategies and the absolute
technologies.
Stable and error-free environment of an
organization.
Increased number of competitors.
Large customer base and developing the
qualitative products and services.
Fluctuation in the supply and demand in the
market (Tanabe., FANUC Corp, 2019).

P4. Approaches to the operations management and the role of leaders and managers.
The goal of every leader is to maintain the consistency and uniformity among employees by
using various approaches of the organization that constitute the leader and managers and this
includes the operational management and the managers plays an important role in increasing the
productivity of the company. The operational management controls the techniques of the process
and this increases the production of the company and more and more customers will connect
with the company and this increases the customer base and economic growth to the organization.
The core definition of the Total Quality Management is the process that helps in achieving the
long term success by developing the innovative and the creative ideas and builds the forces by
increasing the standards for the aspects of the operational management.
Just In Time is the approach that practically innovates the employees by enhancing their
confidence and also increases the efficiency of the employees so that the employees will connect
with company for the longer term. This efficiency can be decreased by receiving the goods and
services that can be claimed in order to complete the demand. The role of the leader and the
manager in the operational management is to enhance management by focusing the results and
the quality of the management by maintaining the adequate transaction of ensuring in TESCO
group (Yabuki., NEC Corp, 2019).
P5. Importance and values of operational management to achieve the objective.
Operational management refers the process of manage various operation such like planning,
organizing, managing, monitoring, controlling and examine the production and manufacturing
process. Main purpose of operation management is to convert raw material into the goods and
successfully supply goods to customer timely. Operational management plays crucial role to
accomplish Tesco goals. Operational management effectively manage and supervise various
concept of the functions like customers, workers, equipments, content, technology and others.
Operations management of Tesco plays vital role in retailing department which leads success in
business.
 Operational management takes responsibility for product quality and product services
where management always focus on quality enhancement of product so that customer's
satisfy. Management focuses on two aspects reliability and durability it comes when
customer's gets qualitative products while durability comes when consumer gets product

delivery timely it can enhance trust of customers regrading product quality and durable
product services (Miki and Natsumeda., NEC Corp, 2017).
 Operation management plays important role in customer's satisfaction which assist to
achieve Tesco objectives. Quality management carry out product quality and also focus
on customer's needs so that, customers easily meets to their needs in the best quality and
selling ratio enhance in sophisticated manner.
 Management through their operations enhance product quality and also increase
satisfaction to met desire needs. These all operation leads positive image of Tesco
company in global market. Such kind reputation attracts consumers and enables to spread
out marker share. Thus, all function leads revenues increase, through this achievement
company easily can grow continuous.
 Operation management manges inventory cost by reducing waste during retailing and
storing where try to eliminate waste during retailing or storing. It leads saving of money
by removing unwanted cost. It leads productivity in business within operation.
 Operation management also control employees where focuses on employee's work and
management sets up rules and regulation at workplace for employees because it leads
improvement in productivity. If employees gives good services at workplace then Tesco
enables to achieve goals. Operation management assist to raise employees or workers
efficiency through discipline at workplace (Miki and Natsumeda., NEC Corp, 2017).
 Thus, operation management plays important role in organization by handling various
operations like planning of retailing, organizing like retailing strategy, staffing like
management of employees, monitoring of whole department like financing, warehouse,
retailing department, controlling of waste, directing of employee's and other department,
motivating of employees to give best services and retaining in company. Thus, operation
management assists to achieve Tesco goal's through accomplishing whole operation
successfully.
M3. Improvement by the leaders to successfully meet the business objectives.
The leaders and managers can improves the efficiency and effectiveness of the business of the
company by following ways-
 Government regulation

To run the company for the longer term, the company have to follow the governmental policies
and the managerial activities and the company should implement and maintain the
communication in the economic terms in TESCO group.
 Quality control
The quality control of the TESCO group enhance the quality and the productivity of the
company and also the criteria involves in the making the effective operational policies.
 Inventory control
The initiation of the maintaining the inventory is the best part of TESCO and it also focuses on
the actions taken by the junior management and this increases the inventory profit and this will
be beneficial for the employees as well (Miki and Natsumeda., NEC Corp, 2017).
P6. Different factors of business environment which impact on operational management and
decision-marking.
There are two factors external and internal factors which gives positive and negative impact on
operational management and also impacts on leader and manger decision-making. Both factor
assist to analyses company and provides strategic plans for accomplishing goal of business.
 External factors are political and technological which gives positive impact on Tesco.
For example UK is politically stable country so Tesco doesn't have to change their
policies for trading goods in market. Operational management contains different plans for
the different policies and regulation of government for keep business environment
profitable. Through this beneficial point operational management easily focuses on
product quality. Political factors gives positive impact on manger decision-making where
manger doesn't have to change their retailing strategy and can trade in market free flow
form. Leaders also plays good role in decision-making. Through these policies leaders
easily can enhances employees efficiency at workplace and can lead quality of employees
(Meindl., 2016).
 Technological factor gives positive impact on operational management because
operational management play important role in organization by handling whole
operations like planning, organizing, controlling or monitoring and supervising etc. due
to this operational management enables to reduce cost, improve the supply process of
goods, maintains product quality standards through new technology and easily meets to
customer's needs. New technology also gives positive impact on manager decision-

making. This factor introduces new platform where manger enables to elevate financial
scale. Leader also gets positive impact in decision-making through new technology where
leader can motivate employees by giving best training classes to employees and makes
them understand how to give good services to customer's at workplace. New technology
assists to achieve profitability in company.
 Internal factor like strength and weakness also gives positive impact on Tesco company
where it assists to provide strategic planning in business. Operational management
focuses on product reliability and durability where management always to do changes in
their services and product quality. Through standard product quality management attracts
customer's to their products. This is strength of operational management. Management
also meets customers demand and deliver goods timely to customers. Thus, operational
management gives values to customers. This strength of operational management
influences impact on manger decision-making. Manger continuous focuses on this
strength and enables to achieve business objectives, enable to take competitive advantage
in business market while leader appreciates employees due to strength. Such kind
appreciation motivates employees to give the best performance at workplace to
employees. Leaders motivate employees or worker to provide best services to customer's
and company. Weakness also plays important role in business where can minimize
weakness of company and can raise business fluently (Suresh and Rao., 2017).
Operational management gets positive impact in business. For example Tesco company
stores lots of goods in warehouse. Most of the goods goes in waste during storing or
retailing so operational management starts to mange goods quantity in warehouse. It
reduces waste of good and save more money which used to waste during warehousing. It
leads more profitability in business. This operation gives positive impact on manager
decision-making because manger enables to save large amount money and can invest in
another operation which can raise business prospectiveness. In that state company can
enable to take competitive advantage in global market. Manger function gives favourable
impact on leader decision-making. Leader can skill envelopment classes for employees
where employees can minimize their weakness and can raise their skills Which can be
worth it for business objectives.

D2. Applications of operations management and the factors impact on the wider business
environment.
There are various conditions that related with the procedure of TESCO that are as follows-
 Cost
The effective cost strategy of TESCO is the main reason of the success of organization and this
generates the low cost and results in the accumulating the results.
 Quality
The quality of the products and the services of TESCO completes the organizational purpose
with the complete specifications.
 Dependability
The available products and services according to the demand and dependencies on the external
vendors can be useful for capturing the market (Suresh and Rao., 2017).
M4. Factors that affect the business environment and wider community.
There are several factors that affect the business environment such as Geographical,
Demographical, Economical, Political, legal, social, cultural, physical and technological factors
and this factors may influence the company in both positive and negative way and also the
employees are also influenced by these factors because the employees are directly connected
with the company and if the company is affected by these factors then it is obvious that the
employee will also affected by these situations (Suresh and Rao., 2017).
CONCLUSION
The whole report concludes about the operational management and the comparison
between the different roles and characteristics of the of a leader and manager and it also
summarized about the different approached and the theories and approaches to the leadership and
the roles of the leaders and the functions of the managers in different context and the importance
and values of the operational management in achieving the business objectives and last, this
report concludes about the improvement in the efficiency of the operational management with
the help of leaders and managers.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Albrecht, T. and Dasigi, M., 2016. ON‐TIME: A Framework for Integrated Railway Network
Operation Management. Traffic Management, 3, pp.167-181.
Deihimi, A., Zahed, B.K. and Iravani, R., 2016. An interactive operation management of a
micro-grid with multiple distributed generations using multi-objective uniform water
cycle algorithm. Energy, 106, pp.482-509.

Futaki, H. and Kobayashi, K., NEC Corp, 2018. Radio communication system, radio station,
network operation management apparatus, and network optimization method. U.S.
Patent 10,015,703.
Hasegawa, H., NEC Corp, 2017. Operation management device, operation management method.
U.S. Patent Application 15/340,487.
Katano, S. and Tamura, N., Fujitsu Ltd, 2017. Operation management device, operation
management method, and recording medium. U.S. Patent 9,541,980.
Kato, K., NEC Corp, 2015. Operation management apparatus, operation management method
and program. U.S. Patent Application 14/384,197.
Miki, K. and Natsumeda, M., NEC Corp, 2017. Operation management apparatus, operation
management method, and storage medium. U.S. Patent Application 15/535,785.
Keahey, K., Riteau, P. and Timkovich, N.P., 2017, December. Lambdalink: an operation
management platform for multi-cloud environments. In Proceedings of the10th
International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (pp. 39-46). ACM.
Kindaichi, S. and Nishina, D., 2018. Simple index for onsite operation management of ground
source heat pump systems in cooling-dominant regions. Renewable energy, 127,
pp.182-194.
Meindl, S.C.P., 2016. Supply Chain Management--Strategy, Planning and Operation. Tsinghua
University Press. wheat soybean others land for no use.
Parisio, A., Rikos, E. and Glielmo, L., 2016. Stochastic model predictive control for
economic/environmental operation management of microgrids: An experimental case
study.Journal of Process Control, 43, pp.24-37.
Radosavljević, J., Jevtić, M. and Klimenta, D., 2016. Energy and operation management of a
microgrid using particle swarm optimization. Engineering Optimization, 48(5), pp.811-
830.
Suresh, C.S. and Rao, K., 2017. Adaptive weight control based PSO multi objective operation
management of renewable micro grid. Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems, 6(4).
Takagi, H. and Tamura, N., Fujitsu Ltd, 2019. Operation management device and method. U.S.
Patent 10,177,971.

Tanabe, M., FANUC Corp, 2019. Operation management system for directly displaying work
instruction based on operation management information on machine tool. U.S. Patent
10,203,686.
Yabuki, K., NEC Corp, 2019. Operation management apparatus, operation management
method, and program. U.S. Patent 10,296,408.