Project Management and Operations Study

This assignment is a study on project management and operations, covering topics such as process administration, manufacturing subdivision, and real development. It also analyzes the effective process of creation good things and supports enclosed both manufacturing and assembly projects. The study draws from several books and journals, including Advanced Project Management by Harrison and Lock, Project Management by Kerzner, and Operations Management by Krajewski et al.

OPERATIONS and PROJECT
MANAGEMENT

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Conducting review and critique of implementation of operations management principle.. . .1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Preparing continuous improvement plan based on review and critique of operations
management principle..................................................................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P3 Applying each stage of PLC to project of developing a new product and supporting
documentation for each stages.....................................................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P4 Review and critique effectivess of PLC in application to project using appropriate theories,
concept and models......................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
The procedure of planning and then execution of that planning of any kind of business
plan with introduction of important process of daily routine of work would be defined to as
Operations management. In manufacturing process of company this type of planning and
execution would be important that would be including other parts like that of production, control
of inventory, quality control and supply chain as well. In the current report which is based on
operation and project management in which all principles of it would be including. Under which
XYZ Company is manufacturing, marketing and selling all types of home appliance and having
goodwill into market as well. They are producing products like that of gas and electric cookers,
electric friars, washing machines and fridges and now they are planning to manufacture Large
Screen TV with the minimum size of 58 inches.
TASK 1
P1 Conducting review and critique of implementation of operations management principle.
To: Board of Director
XYZ Company
From: ABC PSU
Date: 2nd June 2018
As our XYZ Company is manufacturing all type of home appliance like that of fridges,
gas and electric cookers, washing machines and is having very good reputation within market.
Now company is planning to start manufacturing TV of minimum 58 inches so that it could be
able to grow their market base and customers into marketplace. The production which company
would be extending their operations to stadium screens which are to be sold to stadiums and
parks as well (Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017). Operation management would be regarded to as
process including planning and implementation of business practice so that organisation could
produces products of best quality. This is also concerned to conversion of materials and labour
into finished goods and services which are ready to be sold in market and then to be consumed.
All these parts and activities would be concerned with maximising profits of organisation and to
be able to position themselves into market.
The principles of operations management would be regarded to as maintaining quality of
products and service so that company is able to save wastage of funds, labour and materials.
These are included as rules and policies which are representing what is important and required
1

for company in way of achieving actions and targets (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra, 2015).
There are many changes and modification of operations management of XYZ Company over
certain years like they are implementing Total Quality Systems (TQS). This type of system
would be helping in controlling of cost and quality of products in effective manner and also into
its assembly plants. Thus helping company to effectively make decisions in regard to
manufacturing and production of best quality products.
As there are many types of principles of operation management which is presenting
better quality and growth in regard to opportunities for company. Various types of principle of
operations management would be like that of inventory management, operations planning,
manufacturing management, distribution and logistics and managing operations.
Principles of inventory management- under this type of concept which is including all
techniques and tools which is related to raw materials and inventory so that employees are able
to understand their roles in regard to this (Principles of Operations Management, 2018). The
principle is revolving around how company is maintaining its quality and cost so that wastage
are been decreased and it is helping manager in managing their inventory.
Principle of distribution and logistics- the process of selling and distribution of finished goods
into market so that they would be able to reach out to end used consumer for their consumption
purpose. Whereas logistics are related to activities related to warehousing and designing of
distribution channels.
Lean principle- this is related to giving best to their customers with the use and implementation
of very less amount of resources. The principle of lean is understanding all need and
requirement of customers’ value and then focusing on its continuous increase ultimately leading
to maximum value to them and with zero amount of waste. There are five basic principle of lean
which was laid down by Womack and Jones including like that of value, value stream, flow,
pull and perfection (Harrison and Lock, 2017). Value would be that which is necessary for
every company to understand that which type of value customers want from each products and
service. This type of approach is mainly used by Toyota Company which would be leading to
top down target costing approach. Under this approach it would be focusing on want and
requirement of customers in paying for the products and services.
Six sigma methodology- this type of process which is laid down for improvement of system if
the existing process is not going well or below the specification or standards. Six sigma
2

approach would be meaning measurement of quality of products and services so that all of them
are meeting to set standards (Nicholas and Steyn, 2017). This process is containing DMAIC
which is Define, measure, analysis, improve and control.
It is important that company is to use and adopt six sigma so that it becomes easy for
them to maintain and measure the quality of products. For XYZ Company it is necessary that
they are using quality control measures so that this tool is improving their process and helping
in follow up plans.
TASK 2
P2 Preparing continuous improvement plan based on review and critique of operations
management principle.
The ongoing process of company when they putting efforts to improve products, process
and service of their business having four steps into namely Plan, Do, Check and Act would be
defined to as Continuous improvement plan (Wilson, Bhakoo and Samson, 2018). This four step
process is also called to as Deming cycle or Shewhart cycle. As XYZ company is planning to
start new product line with introducing 58 inches TV set in coming 10 months will also be
including that of stadium screen and parks purpose. It is required for them to produce continuous
improvement plan based on operations management principle so that waste is reduced, profits
and sales are maximised and customers are satisfied.
Continuous improvement plan
Challenge Resolutions Time (in months) Outcomes
Improve buyer sells Accept new promotion
actions and superiority
emphasis on the
services
3 months Increase in sales.
Operative
management
Employed good
leaders and steady
good management
environment.
1.5 months Strong employed
environment/
Continuing good
excellence effort.
Quality of Obtain good tools and This gives improved High efficacy in
3

performance methods quality organization in
2.5 months
receiving objectives
and aims.
Improved
opportunity and
development.
Enhanced forecasting 11 months needs
dynamic planning.
The Best
consequences results.
Reduction in cost Cautious examines of
procedure, used new
strategies of product
design
2 months Cost saving through
business can finance
some other activities.
Continuous improvement plan is good for company to implement it within their business
and production purpose as they would be strengthening quality of product. Customer satisfaction
and then improving efficiency for production and profits. This plan is implemented so that
activity is designed in order to get good results and helping them to developing new principles of
growth (Implementing Continuous Improvement Strategies, 2018). Continuous improvement
plan is enabling company to reduce wastage of materials and over production as well which is
done with help of making better products or services.
The Deming cycle which is including 4 steps would be setting out planning for
production and performance purpose so that improvement is been done on continuous bases.
There are many strategies which would be helping company to efficiently implementing
continuous improvement planning which is done in above part.
Plan- at this stage it would be required for XYZ Company that how they could introduce 58
inches TV set into market what all planning they need to do and what materials, labour, process,
techniques and methods would be required. This planning stage is identification of opportunity
which is helping in creating space for improvement and performance management.
Do- this stage would be regarded to as putting actions or testing all planning and controlling part
which is to be done (Swink, Melnyk and Cooper, 2017). The test would be on small scale bases
so that results could be analysed and observation could be drawn in way of measuring the
planning that was to be included. Like XYZ company could be planning to initial produce and
sell some piece of TV set so that they could be easily testing it into market.
4

Check- this is evaluating or checking stage which would be resulting in testing and summarising
of all practical which was done at initial stages. Checking could also be including controlling of
all wastage and monitoring them so that quality of products and service could be maintained.
XYZ company could be checking that whether limited amount of TV set which they have check
their quality and features so that they could then proceed with their planning.
Act- this is the actual stage of acting which is including only after the above test would be
implemented but this would be done on larger scale which means that whole thing would be
implemented and then results are monitored or cross checked (Westney, 2017). At this stage they
would be actually acting with their initial plan if their testing and planning is correct with no
faults into it.
With the help of Deming cycle it would be easy for firm that they are implementing and
controlling the cost, wastage and quality of products which company is producing. Strategies for
implementing continuous planning could be like that of:
Lean continuous improvement- this strategy is best in order to minimize waste throughout
whole process of production of XYZ Company which is not adding value to customer. It would
be helping in reducing problems but not directly improving process in both these cases results is
same. This could also be called to as waste focused approach and objective is been associated
with it that is improving strategies for further development.
Total quality management (TQM) - this was initially implemented within the manufacturing
sector and then slowly adopted by all sectors so that they could be able to manage their quality.
All important aspect of firm could be improved including employee involvement, satisfaction of
customer and communication as well.
5S model- this model would be helping company in identifying how to organise all process
within organisation in more effective and efficient way out. This 5S model is been implemented
on each level of manufacturing so that it is easy for them to identify what mistake is there on
each step and how could solution could be made on immediate bases (Meredith, and et.al., 2016).
This model includes sorting, setting into order, shinning, standardising and sustaining.
5

TASK 3
P3 Applying each stage of PLC to project of developing a new product and supporting
documentation for each stages.
XYZ company is planning to launch new 58 inches TV sets in coming 10 months into
market so that they are been able to grow their share into market, increase their customer base
and profits or sales are been raised. All these things to get into correct alignment would be
requiring proper planning and processing so that goals could be achieved and company is been
able to perform good (Nicholas and Steyn, 2017). For this company should be preparing Project
Life Cycle (PLC) for project of developing new product and then providing necessary supporting
documentation for each stage of project plan. This new product which company is launching is
very much importance as this would be requiring for company to be able to grow into market.
XYZ Company is performing very good in market and launching up of new TV set in 58 inches
and planning that this product of company would be making lot of profits for it. The target
market in this regard would be that of UK so that they are been able to garb whole area of
London this would be including the benefits of cost to company with involvement of many
techniques and tools of cost control.
In this context project life cycle is that process which is including 4 stages of planning
and so that they are been able to complete project on timely bases. This would be providing
framework to all project managers so that they are been able to manage and organise all stages at
project of business. The detailed project life cycle plan would be as under:
Project conception and initiation-
This could be included to as 1st step in planning process into introduction of new 58
inches TV of XYZ Company. Under this stage all manager need to do is to research into market
related to what type of project they need to start, what are demand of customers into market and
all things related to trends and technological changes within marketplace. They need to analysis
what is their budget and investment criterion for this product, focusing on goal, timeline and
flow of investment of project (Project Life Cycle (Phases), 2018). They would also be analysing
risk assessment or what type of risk would be associated with launching of new TV set in
market. Focus of project manager would be on financial benefits which they are to get towards
the end of project which is most significant for XYZ.
Project planning-
6

Before this planning procedure starts it is required for approval of project so that
blueprint or outline could be drawn out be project managers. With the help of this outline of
project it is important for managers to understand importance of planning so that they are been
able to complete project. All vital aspect needs to be carried out in project planning procedures
so that they could be including cost, life cycle, quality and scope of project cycle plan
(Schwalbe, 2015). At this stage it is important that managers of project is taking advice from
their senior or subordinates so that all ideas and suggestions could be added into project. The
main aim would be related to that of launching 58 inches TV set in market of UK so their focus
must be on this only.
Project launching-
At this stage after planning is completely done, outlines is been prepared and approval of
management is received for developed project plan the main part which is related to execution is
there. the production and manufacturing of 58 inches TV set is to be started from now after
planning is been completed and budget is also passed. Execution or launching stage is most
important as this would be including no scope of problems or wastage of money or raw materials
as well. It is the duty of team leader or manager to assign all roles, duties and responsibility to
members of team so that they could be able to start their work according to work allotted to
them.
Project performance-
This is that part or stage which is including the controlling of cost, quality and raw
materials of firm so that there is no wastage of any production factor. Controlling is very
important part as this would be helping project managers to manage all factors of production so
that performance is been improved (Sears and et.al., 2015). Under this stage they would also be
considering various methods of cost control like that of KPI and Benchmarking.
Task Mode Task Name Duration Start Finish
Auto
Scheduled 58 inches TV set project 0 days 02 June 2018 02 June 2018
Auto
Scheduled Start project 10 days 03 June 2018 13 June 2018
Auto
Scheduled Demo preparation 6 days 14 June 2018 20 June 2018
Auto
Scheduled Raw material 17 days 20 June 2018 10 July 2018
Auto Design 20 days 22 June 2018 12 July 2018
7

Scheduled
Auto
Scheduled The manufacturing process 50 days 07 June 2018 29 July 2018
Auto
Scheduled Housing 3 days 10 June 2018 14 June 2018
Auto
Scheduled Picture tube 15 days 15 June 2018 30 June 2018
Auto
Scheduled Audio system 13 days 26 June 2018 09 July 2018
Auto
Scheduled Electronic parts 26 days 1 July 2018 26 July 2018
Auto
Scheduled Windows 12 days 25 June 2018 08 July 2018
Auto
Scheduled Video production stages 6 days 28 June 2018 03 July 2018
Auto
Scheduled Scripting 5 days 29 June 2018 04 July 2018
Auto
Scheduled Story board 13 days 03 July 2018 15 July 2018
Auto
Scheduled Production 25 days 01 July 2018 25 July 2018
Auto
Scheduled software 10 days 05 July 2018 15 July 2018
Auto
Scheduled Quality control 9 days 01 July 2018 9 July 2018
In this current Product Life cycle there are many methodology, tools and leadership
would be required within manufacturing of 58 inches TV set in XYZ Company.
Methodological aspect-
Work break down structure would be telling what role and responsibilities is each person
or every member need to do in order to complete the project of manufacturing TV. There are
many activities and roles which are to be played by each one person of company so as per their
role and responsibility it task need to be distributed. So WBS is shown in Appendix which would
be including project life cycle undertaking initiation, planning, implementation, controlling.
Tools-
Other than there are several tools which are to be included so that it becomes easy for
them to analysis who all are to what and what is raw materials that are required (Verzuh, 2015).
8

Gantt chart: all activities or task are to be laid down in this so that it becomes easy for manager
of project to include all activities without leaving anyone of them.
Network diagram: this chart is showing interrelationship between each of the activities included
within so that they could include all task related to manufacturing of 58 inches TV set.
Critical path analysis: this would be telling more easy or short path of doing activities or task in
particular whole manufacturing.
TASK 4
P4 Review and critique effectivess of PLC in application to project using appropriate theories,
concept and models.
In this project management it would be required to use and implement six sigma
approach which is helping company to reduce waste, improving project process and increase in
profits as well. As per Swink, Melnyk and Cooper, (2017) it was said that this type of approach
or model is best for manufacturing of TV set in XYZ company this would be helping them to
define,measure, analys, improve and control the project. this type of model was initially
developed by Motorola mobile manufacturing company and then it spread throughout world. as
it was aimed at increasing profits with reduction of wastage and effective project process. This
plan is used within project management in order for effectiveness of product life cycle.
The main aim of project would be related to eliminate waste with streamlining process
and this could be achieved if manager is using and implementing lean six sigma approach.
Wilson, Bhakoo and Samson, (2018) included that Six sigma is limiting use of flexible ideas and
uniqueness in results as it could be easy to fit in all solutions. This type of tool would not be
allowing any technical introduction of new methods and techniques so this becomes difficult to
experiment with other process. Instead of using this six sigma there are number of other tools
which could be implemented like that of Agile method. Under this method is mainly included or
focusing on customers and their need are to be considered and project is continuously corrected
till the time product is been manufactured.
CONCLUSION
After the base of overhead unit it can accomplish that, it remains the extended period
procedure to achieve the belongings in dissimilar way. Separately since that, it likewise decided
that, the rank of process administration and process doings in the setting of manufacturing
subdivision and improved real development. Apart as of that, it determination likewise aid to
9

enclosed the diverse models of operation management and values finished which XYZ company
can simply type recovering facilities and progress. It also assistances to achieve the overall
process of doing thinks. Apart from that, it will also clarify the recovered effective process of
creation good things. General, study supports to enclosed both manufacturing and assembly
project.
10

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Harrison, F. and Lock, D., 2017. Advanced project management: a structured approach.
Routledge.
Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H.R., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning,
scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2015. Operations management: processes
and supply chains. New York, EEUU: Prentice hall.
Meredith, J. R., and et.al., 2016. Project management in practice. Wiley Global Education.
Nicholas, J. M. and Steyn, H., 2017. Project management for engineering, business and
technology. Taylor & Francis.
Nicholas, J.M. and Steyn, H., 2017. Project management for engineering, business and
technology. Taylor & Francis.
Schwalbe, K., 2015. Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.
Sears, S. K. and et.al., 2015. Construction project management. John Wiley & Sons.
Swink, M., Melnyk, S.A., Hartley, J.L. and Cooper, M.B., 2017. Managing operations across the
supply chain. McGraw-Hill Education.
Verzuh, E., 2015. The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley & Sons.
Westney, R., 2017. Computerized Management of Multiple Small Projects: Planning, Task and
Resource Scheduling, Estimating, Design Optimization, and Project Control. Routledge.
Wilson, K.B., Bhakoo, V. and Samson, D., 2018. Crowdsourcing: A contemporary form of
project management with linkages to open innovation and novel operations. International
Journal of Operations & Production Management, 38(6), pp.1467-1494.
Online:
Implementing Continuous Improvement Strategies. 2018. [Online]. Accessed through:
<https://www.moderngov.com/courses/implementing-continuous-improvement-strategies-
3/>.
Principles of Operations Management. 2018. [Online]. Accessed through: <http://www.apics-
lork.org/principles-of-operations-management.html>.
11

Project Life Cycle (Phases). 2018. [Online]. Accessed through:
<https://opentextbc.ca/projectmanagement/chapter/chapter-3-the-project-life-cycle-phases-
project-management/>.
12

APPENDIX
13

14

15