Workplace Aggression and Organizational Behavior

The given assignment is focused on workplace aggression and organizational behavior. It provides an extensive list of research articles and books related to the topic, covering various aspects such as incivility, social undermining, bullying, leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior. The assignment also includes summaries of famous motivation theories like Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. This comprehensive resource is suitable for students and researchers in the field of organizational behavior.

Organisational
Behaviour

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
a) Handy Cultural typology....................................................................................................1
b) How culture, power and politics is influencing behaviour of BBC...................................2
M1 Analysis culture, power and politics can influence individual and team behaviour........4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
a) Content and process of motivational theories....................................................................4
b) Motivational theories will help organization to improve team effectiveness....................7
c) Improving level of motivation within BBC.......................................................................8
M2 Evaluate behaviour of others by applying different motivational theories......................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
a) Makes an effective team as opposed to an effective team.................................................8
b) Tuckman model for team development............................................................................10
M3 Analysis team group development theories...................................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
a) & b) Concept and philosophies of organizational behaviour within an organizational . .11
M4 Evaluate concept and theories of organizational behaviour..........................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organization is a set of group of people who come together for a common purpose. For
attain appropriate goals every organization maintain their management and its various activities
which perform by group of people at workplace . In this organizational behaviour is an effective
study of persons behaviour which evaluate by the system of firm to manage all the human
activities in effective manner. Without management of activities employees can not able to
perform their task in effective way (Borkowski, 2015). Organizational behaviour is a
fundamental activity which evaluates the cultural impact, environment as well as performance of
workers at workplace. It is an effective process to create efficient activities in organization.
Present report is based on various organizational cultures that put its impact on the overall
performance activities. In this assignment, BBC uses various motivational theories to improve
the quality of performance and maintain better co-ordination among all workers. Along with this,
concept and philosophies of organizational behaviour are also mentioned in this report.
TASK 1
a) Handy Cultural typology
Every organization define their own culture and style of working which aid in
understanding all the process in effective manner. It define the overall performance of the
business and employees. BBC adopt this type of concept in which they easily enhance the
productivity of the staff members. In this Handay's culture is related with the working
performance of the company its divided in four parts which are as follows: Power culture: This culture is define the power which is give to the employees as per
their capabilities and ability so that they perform their work in effective manner and
maintain positive culture of the business. Task culture: In this various people and the group develop their performance by using
their skills and capabilities which aid in achieving the target of the company. Task culture
is mainly aid in resolving all the conflicts and problems which is faced by the employees
at the time of performing their work. In this the BBC set their team as per the employees
interest so that they easily attain the organizational goals and objectives.
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 Person culture: It define the culture of the perform is totally different from each others
which aid in developing their performance by sharing ideas and opinion. The culture of
the employees affect the goodwill of the company.
 Role culture: It is define by the company in which they use proper human resource and
also give some duties and responsibilities to the employees according to their capabilities.
This aid in performing the task in effective manner and get positive results. It is related to
the employees capabilities in the company.
BBC failed in communicating and managing activities as per the Smith culture review. It
define that company have to focus on their working environment so that they easily
accomplished their target in effective manner. A case within the company which was related
with the Child abuses which do not eliminate by the management of the company. It negatively
impact in the overall performance of the company. In context of BBC, it is biggest broadcasting
channel which face various miserable situation that negatively affect the overall performance of
the company at market place.
b) How culture, power and politics is influencing behaviour of BBC
Organizational culture is an effective system which include the beliefs, values and
attitude that evaluate how human behave in the organization. Every organization set their culture
which reflected by the dress code employee’s treatment as well as all the activities that perform
in business for a common purpose. In today's complex business environment, day to day
operations and activities affected by the culture, policies and power of organizations. To
maintain better relation between culture, policies and power organization do various process as
well as activities which aid in performing better at marketplace. It is an important responsibility
of organization to provide health and positive environment to their employees so that they also
perform their work effectively. Organization power and policies; both affect the company’s
performance and also contribute in growth of the company at marketplace (Champoux, 2010).
For attain success company cause power, culture and polices effectively because some time all
these factors impact negatively on business and some time is enhance the productivity.
Organization's culture, policies and power:
All these factors play a vital role in business organization because it evaluate the how
employees interact with others in organization that affect the whole performance of the business.
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 If organization culture is very strong so that business easily achieve their desirable
growth in the market (Chiang and Hsieh, 2012). Culture of the organization is controlled
by the top authorities because they wants to maintain better infrastructure as well as
decorum in their company which aid in increasing the overall performance of the firm
and its employees.
 Organization culture define by the manager of the company in effective way because it
follow by the employees. It should be identify by the manner so that employees perform
their work effectively.
 Organization power include some rules and regulations which have to be followed by the
every workers because it maintain the positive environment that influence the employee’s
performance workplace.
 In business activity organizational culture define the clear path in which employees
perform their activities and get positive end results in effective way. Culture of the
organization helps in operating activity of the company that include various beliefs and
attitude. For influence the performance of the workers it is more important for the
employees to follow all the rules and regulation in appropriate manner.
Effects on individuals and team performance:
 Organization power, culture and politics play an important role in company because it aid
in influencing the employees as well as team performance. Effective and better
coordination among all these factors helps in reducing the negative impact on
performance of employees. Positive work environment affect the productivity of the team
members so that they easily attain their desirable results in an appropriate manner.
 Every employees having different culture that affect the overall performance of the
business so that it is an important responsibility of a manager to provide better and same
culture (Hershcovis, 2011). It reduce the chances of arising the conflicts among all the
employees and manager which assist in improving the performance of the individuals.
 If organization having good culture and positive power so that it aid in providing healthy
environment to their employees which aid in retaining the workforce within the
organization and achieve desirable goals and objectives in appropriate manner. If worker
put their positive efforts to completing the task so that they easily attain better results and
increase their productivity.
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 For maintain the stability of workforce in company activities it is more important for the
organization to define their strong culture and power (Hogg and Terry, 2014). Because
the politics and power helps in evaluating the better relationship among the employees
and external factors which contribute in company growth.
 Positive organization power helps in influencing the employee’s confidence so that they
face as well as accept all the challenges and also find out the better solution to achieve
desirable results.
Role of influence culture, power and politics in BBC:
 Organizational culture, power and politics of BBC is very bad so that they face losses and
uncertainty and the main reason behind this its high torn over. So that they provide
negative work environment to their employees which decrease the productivity and also
increase the conflicts among them.
 Employees complaints are not considered in BBC Company so that employees get
demotivated and surfer from harassment which increase the negative environment over
there.
 BBC Company develop their market position and maintain their brand image after 2015.
Now, they are able to provide healthy and positive work environment to their employees
so that they enhance their productivity. They also considered employees complaints and
resolve it which aid in motivating employees toward its work. All these possible by the
strong culture, power and politics. This is the reason large number of people join this
company to develop their experience and also increase their growth (Huang and et.al.,
2010).
 They provide positive and healthy work environment which aid in reducing the
employees turn over and achieve best success at marketplace.
Power: Under this, it influence the human behaviour within the workplace in which they
perform their power effectively which direct impact on the overall performance of the company.
It is important for the manager of BBC to utilise their power properly so that they attain positive
results. But some time BBC managers fails in following their power so that various issues are
arise at workplace which reduce the employees performance. If they resolve all the issues like
child abuse and so on so that they effectively enhance their productivity level.
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Culture: It define the organizational culture in which all the employees define their values and
beliefs. It helps in evaluating the reaction of the workers and also show their dress up style which
represent the positive brand image. In context of BBC, they define their working culture in
which they needs to modify their working style so that all the employees effectively perform
their organizational activities in effective manner.
M1 Analysis culture, power and politics can influence individual and team behaviour
Culture, power and politics of an organization affect the whole team members behaviour
as well as their performance. It is more important for the company to maintain healthy and
positive work environment for their staff members so that they perform their work effectively. In
this all the power and duties give to the staff members as per their capabilities and abilities
which assist in achieving its target in effective way. As per this culture of the business directly
affect the employee nature. Politics is also an important because this impact on the overall
performance of the business as well as employees productivity.
TASK 2
a) Content and process of motivational theories
There are several theories which can be used by the company to motivate their employees
by fulfil their needs. With the help of motivation they perform their work with more efficiency
and get positive results in appropriate manner.
Content theory:
This theory is based on people’s needs which aid in motivating people. They also
evaluate that how people needs are changed on timely basis. It also aid in particular factors that
motivate the human behaviour in the business (Johns, 2010). It include two type of motivational
theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and another one is two factors theory. Whole
description are as follows in bellow:
Maslow's hierarchy of need theory: This structure is based hierarchy which include
physiological needs, safety needs, social needs and self-actualization needs. All are interrelated
with each other when one needs are fulfil that it moves in next needs. In this all workers are
motivated with every needs so that its knows as hierarchy theory. This structure starts from lower
needs like physiological needs and reach at highest needs in effective manner.
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(Source: Saul McLeod, 2017) Physiological needs: This theory include basic needs of the human which is necessary
for living like food, shelter, cloths and house. As per the Maslow, if people do not
satisfied their needs so that they cannot able to satisfy next level of needs so that these
needs and very necessary for the human. Safety needs: This needs is define the human safety like fear to loss the job, shelter and
food. So that it is more important for the organization to provide better security to their
employees to its job so that they perform their work effectively. Social needs: This needs comes after above needs which include the better human
relation with the family, friends and other social people. Maslow think that peoples social
needs have to be fulfil so that they maintain their life smoothly (Li, Liang and Crant,
2010).Self-esteem needs: This needs is more important because it define the status,
awards, promotion which aid in increasing the confidence level and get higher level place
to put their efforts of their work. By this people get motivated and also do their positive
in organization.
 Self-actualization: This needs is related to the highest needs that define that actually
individual capable for this (Liao, Martocchio and Joshi, 2010).
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Illustration 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Two factors theory: It is hygiene theory which having various factors that aid in increasing the
job satisfaction in the workers. This theory is define by the Frederick Herzberg who is a scientist
they define that satisfaction is no satisfaction and the Dissatisfaction is no dissatisfaction. This
theory include two factors which are as follows: Motivators: This theory is related to the people motivation. With the help of these
employee perform their work effectively and get desirable results in effective manner.
Motivators provide better opportunity to its employees like rewards and benefits to
improve employee’s performance as well as productivity.
 Hygiene factors: This factors is more important for the employees because it define the
job securities, best vacancy and good salary that contribute in satisfying employees needs
in effective manner (Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation, 2017). It aid in
motivating workers within the organization to achieve desirable goals.
Process theory:
Process theory is based on human behaviour to fulfil their needs and wants to motivate
their employees in best manner. There are four types of process theories like reinforcement,
expectancy, equity and goal setting that include in business organization to satisfy employees
needs in effective way. Reinforcement theory: This is one of the best method to motivate employees within the
business by organizing the reward event that influence the worker to perform well.
Reinforcement include positive, punishment, avoidance and extinction that give to the
employees on the basis of their performance. Expectancy theory: In this, employees put their best efforts to organization because some
time they feel that they are valuable for the business or not. So that organization provide
awards to employees on their performance basis. Equity theory: This approach is based on how employees are treated in organization. It in
think by the participant and also compare by other employees at same position.
 Goal setting: This theory is more effective because it aid in improving the organizational
image (Locke, 2011). In this individuals set their goal and perform well to achieve it in
effective manner.
With the help of these motivational theories BBC Company improve their employee
performance by providing motivation in effective way. They increased employee’s salary and
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also define effective working condition so that they motivate their employees to perform well at
workplace.
b) Motivational theories will help organization to improve team effectiveness
Motivation is more important for the employees to perform all the task in appropriate
manner. for this BBC company use three type of motivational theories to motivate their workers
so that they enhance their performance toward its work and also maintain effectiveness in
working environment. All these theories is more important for the company to develop the
positive and healthy workplace so that all the staff members are comfortably perform their task.
Along with this motivational theories boost the employees confidence level which assist in
competing all the task in effective manner.
According to this, Herzberg's two factors theory is used by the company in which high
authorities provide better opportunities to their staff members so that they develop their
performance and also enhance their capabilities and knowledge in appropriate manner.
In this context, Maslow's need theory is also an effective which is used by the company to fulfil
all the need of the employees and give proper satisfaction sop that all the workers perform their
work effectively. In this all the employees satisfy their demand and needs which aid in
motivating to the maintain efficiency in effective way.
Along with this, Expectancy theory is also an important for the organization. In this all
the workers put their efforts to complete the task so that they can easily attain the positive results
in appropriate way. All the motivational factors aid in encourage the morale of the employees
and also enhance their performance toward its work. All this aid in achieving its goals And
objectives in systematic manner.
c) Improving level of motivation within BBC
There are some another methods which is used by the BBC company to encourage their workers
which are as follow: Provide positive work environment: By providing positive work environment to their
employees BBC Company encourage their morale so that they easily perform their task
and also reduce the chances of arising the conflicts among all the employees. Give incentives to the workers: BBC Company provide better incentives to their
employees on the basis of performance that encourage the employee’s morale in order to
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get desirable goals. This incentive may be financials and non-financial like cash prize and
vacations days which aid in enhancing the overall performance or workers.
 Share profits: By sharing profits BBC Company enhance employee’s performance at
workplace and also aid in achieving organizational goals and objectives in appropriate
manner. The main benefit of this method is to reduce the turnover of the company
(MacKenzie, Podsakoff and Podsakoff, 2011).
M2 Evaluate behaviour of others by applying different motivational theories
Performance of the employees play an important role in business organization because it
aid in achieving its goals and objectives in effective way. With the help of employees they
achieve their predetermined target and enhance their capabilities. It is more important for the
company to use various motivational theories to motivate their employees towards it work. This
concept of motivation helps in encouraging employees morale and also enhance their
performance quality of the task in effective manner.
TASK 3
a) Makes an effective team as opposed to an effective team
In today's business environment every leaders requires a team which helps in getting
effective results as well as solution of the problems that arise within the business. Organization
include various type of team like permanent and temporary. This aid in improving the business
performance at marketplace. There are some types of team which is used by the BBC in their
process which are as follows:
Functional team: In this team various peoples involved and all are related to the different
functional department like human resource department, marketing and finance department. All
members are work for a common goals so that they put their efforts to achieve better output in
effective way (March, 2013).
 Importance: The main advantage of functional team is to it save time and provide
effective solution to resolve the problems in order to achieve desirable goals and
objectives in appropriate manner.
Problem solving team: This type of team make for a short time period because the main focus
of this team is to find better solution to resolve the problem which arise in the organisation
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workplace. All the team members are having different functional areas to resolve the issue in
effective manner. Importance: The main advantage of this team is to increase the skills and ability of the
employees (Spector, Bauer and Fox, 2010). In this job various peoples include in this
team so that they learn various new things and find better solution.
Virtual team: This type of team the manager of the company communicate with all members
which aid in build a team which is based on their strength and weaknesses. In this all the team
members are separate by they all connected with each other through computer. With the use of
internet and online, they easily communicate with each other. This type of team having common
goals at various location that helps in supporting their community.
 Importance: The main benefits of this type of team is that they look outsider talent which
are connected to the online. With the help of this they make more profits at low
production cost.
Project team: In this team all the members are work on same project in various departments. It
is based on short time when project is complete then team is disbanded. All the workers comes
together as a team for a common goals. It include skilled and abilities to complete the project in
ethical manner.
 Importance: The main importance of this team is to work for a common goals. It aid in
defining new and innovative ideas to competing the project and also develop employee’s
ability.
b) Tuckman model for team development
It is an important concept for every business organization to established an effective team
so that they can perform their task in best way and easily compete their competitors. In this
process the BBC company organize various programs as well as activities for their team
members and other staff members do that they improve their skills and knowledge. This will aid
in improving overall performance of the company and also employees in market place. In this
Group improvement model of Tuckman is used by the company to enhance their employees
performance as well as productivity. This concept include various phases which are as follows: Forming: It is first and most effective step in which company create a group and set
some task according to the capabilities of every members. After that they also provide
better guidance toward the work so that they perform accordingly.
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 Storming: It is the second and effective stage of this concept, in this all the team
members are comes together for achieve its common goals. For this they share their ideas
and opinion in order to enhance their skills. Norming: In this step according to capability and position of the staff members company
set some responsibilities toward them so that they easily manage their process and
complete their task in order to achieve best outcomes. Performing: In this phase every member of team as well as group perform their task at
the workplace with out any disturbance so that they achieve their common goals in best
way.
 Transforming/ Adjourning: It is the last stage of this concept which define the effective
protection for the team and well as staff members so that they perform their task in
appropriate manner and get their setted target.
By using Tuckman framework, employees of the BBC company develop their
performance level and also create healthy and positive work environment which helps in
maintaining strong relationship with each others.
M3 Analysis team group development theories
Team is more important for the company to get overall objectives in appropriate time
period. Every manager eats to set the team so that all the members put their efforts for a common
goals. For develop the team performance it is necessary for the leader to use effective theories so
that they enhance their productivity and attain better success. With the help of development
theories every team members are perform their task in proper manner and achieve its targets.
TASK 4
a) & b) Concept and philosophies of organizational behaviour within an organizational
There are many motivational theories used by the BBC company to motivate their
employees and also enhance their skills (Walumbwa and et.al., 2011). Maslow hierarchy, two
factors and path goal theory all are aid in motivating workers in order to achieving organizational
goals and objectives in appropriate manner. In the today's complex business environment
motivation is more important which helps in increasing the overall performance and future goals
of the company. By using path goal theory BBC Company encourage their employees to enhance
their performance level. This theory is related to the Vroom's expectancy theory. In this approach
human behave in various ways as well as style and it is based on their expectation. This aids in
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increasing the employee’s performance as well as organizational productivity (Zeinabadi, 2010).
By using this approach BBC define their task according to the workers after that decide
leadership style like directive, supportive, participative and other one is achievement oriented.
After that they focus on motivational factors to improve the employee’s skills in order to achieve
its goals. Manager of BBC Company used path goals theory to manager the workers behaviour
and give them work so that they perform their task in effective way and get higher success.
Barriers affect the employee performance
Barriers are the hindrances which halt the performance of the employee and prevent them
from performing up to their potential. The main barriers to employee performance are:
Negative work environment:
The environment is one of the most crucial factor which affect the performance of an
employee. The positive environment contribute to the productivity whereas negative
environment led to fall in the productivity of an employee. The environment of BBC is
supportive and communicative so that work force are able to perform up to their potential. In an
unfavourable or negative environment the employees feel suffocated and feel unheard which
increase workforce attrition in the company.
Bullying and harassment:
Harassment is believed to be a situation of extreme pressure or intimidation on an
employee. These are the factors which becomes a barrier to employee performance and prevent
him to work freely. BBC have suffered the same situation of harassment in the earlier times. The
harassment can be physical, social and mental (Champoux, 2010). BBC have now formulated
laws and policies which do not encourage any of such behaviour.
Discrimination:
The unjustified treatment to employees on the basis of colour, caste and sex gives rise to
discrimination in the environment. This narrow- mindedness affect the performance of the
employees in a negative manner. BBC have a justified organisational culture which promotes
diversity in best way possible (Hershcovis, 2011). The government have also formulated some
laws which protects the employee from discrimination.
Inequity:
The lack of fairness and justice in the system gives rise to inequity in the organisation.
Inequity can be on the basis of race, colour religion etc. these factors when involved in the
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organisation negatively affect the performance of employees. An example of sexism can be seen
when two people of different sex are provided with different salary. The male who is working as
post of executive is paid 1000 euros where the women working on the same position get paid
only 800 euros. The unfair treatment affects the brand value of the company. BBC focuses on the
fair and justified treatment of its employee so that they contribute up to their potential for the
welfare of the organisation.
Lack of communication:
Communication is a serious barrier which is mostly overlooked in an organisation. The
effective connection in the organisation helps in achieving efficiency and productivity in an
enterprise (Hogg and Terry, 2014). Communication barriers are of various types such as
physical, language, and status. The consequences of poor communication is unsatisfying
performance, tension and unmotivated task force. BBC pays special emphasis on building
effective communication in the organisation. Interaction between worker in an organisation
motivates the employee and effective transfers of vision to its employees for effective
achievement of the same.
Hence with the help of path goal theory, manager of BBC improve overall performance
which leads in enhancing the profitability level in effective manner. With the help of this
organization attain positive outcomes. In this leader define their specific strategies in which they
accomplished all the target to attain possible results. In BBC context, leader frame appropriate
policies to their team members so that they improve their working quality at workplace. With the
help of this they easily eliminate all the issues and barriers within the organization which
positively aid in enhancing their working pattern so that workers perform their activities in
systematic manner and attain positive outcomes.
M4 Evaluate concept and theories of organizational behaviour
Every types of theories and effective concept define the business behaviour which
directly affect the overall productivity of the employees as well as staff members. It is more
important for the company to use all the concept and methods effectively so that all the
employees perform their task and get positive end results in better manner. All the methods and
techniques contribute in overall success of the company in market place and also maintain their
image in front of their employees and external parties.
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CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report, it can be concluded that organizational power, culture
and politics are important for the business to influence employee’s performance in an appropriate
manner. In this report various types of motivational theories is also used by the BBC company to
motivate their employees in order to attain desirable success and also enhance the productivity
in effective manner. Manager of the company is also set the teams to resolve all the conflicts
which arise within the organization that aid in achieving the overall organizational goals and
objectives in appropriate time period.
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