Motivation, Culture and Power in Organisational Behaviour and Performance

Organisational Behaviour INTRODUCTION 1 TASK 11 P1 Analyse how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and performance with special reference to 4com plc 1 TASK 24 P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective achievement of goals4 TASK 37 P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team 7 TASK 49 P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational context 9 CONCLUSION 10

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Analyse how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance with special reference to 4com plc.................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals........................................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team............................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational
context.........................................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11
.......................................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour means study in which people interact with other individuals.
This is the way through which organisational environment can be more effective and relevant.
Organisational behaviour is the way through which good culture can be maninatned within
association Approaches of organisational behaviour are used to get maximum outcome from
individual as well as team (Andriof and et. al., 2017). There are different employees in
organisation, so it is essential to make alterations which are effective and significant for
achieving targets. This report is based on 4com plc which deals in telecommunication sector.
This organisation was established in 1999 with an objective to improve communication channel
for society. In this report, there is discussion about organisational power, politics and culture
influencing individual and team behaviour, process and content theory of motivation, effective
team in opposition of ineffective team, concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour.
TASK 1
P1 Analyse how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance with special reference to 4com plc
Organisation is the place where number of employees are working in team to attain
common goals and objectives. There are varieties of people having difference in their mindset, so
it is essential to make changes which are relevant and significant for organisational growth.
Organisation behaviour is a way through which behaviour of employees which they perform
with others can be studied.
Organisational culture
Organisational culture means belief, assumptions, values and ways through which
individuals interact in social and psychological environment. It involves vision, values, systems,
norms which helps to attain goals and objectives. This is the behaviour which is relevant and
affects business organisation environment in either negative or positive way (Bester, Stander and
Van Zyl, 2015). 4COM PLC is telecommunication organisation. In this sector, there is much
competition so managers have to work with different techniques to maintain proper brand image
in industry. There are four types of organisational culture which can be understood with Handy's
Model. This is discussed as under-
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Power culture: In this type of culture, there are few employees who have power to decide
business operations. This culture is effective for fast decision making and they need niot to
contact upper level managers for every task. This helps to perform operations in appropriate way
because managers provide proper guide and direction to workers. In case of negative results,
they are responsible and answerable to top level managers. There are possibilities of negative use
of power which affects customer satisfaction and there are possibilities of personal grievances at
workplace.
Role culture:In this type of culture, role are assigned to employees according to skills
and competencies (Burrell and Morgan, 2017). In 4COM PLC, there are many employees having
difference in their knowledge, education, qualification, etc. So, it is the responsibility of
managers to assign duties and responsibilities accordingly. This helps to improve performance of
individual as well as team. In order to improve quality of services offered by employees
managers of 4COM PLC must use different training methods.
Task culture: Task are the responsibilities through which overall objectives of
organisations can be achieved. As per this task managers of 4COM PLC provide different task to
team or individuals and then actions are taken in order to get improve overall performance of
association. There is difference in working style of workers, so managers of 4COM PLC are
responsible for delivering appropriate guidance. There is difference in working style of
employees, hence with the help of task culture it is easy to get best outcome from employees.
This is the best culture of improving individual as well as team performance.
Person culture: As per this culture, 4COM PLC give priority to employees demand and
need. Managers feels like they are responsible for attaining goals and objectives hence
employee's satisfaction is the key to perform business objectivities. This is the culture which
helps to maintain long term relations with employees and they are satisfied with work place.
There is good working environment for employees. This helps to improve performance of
employees and as well as team (Carney, Cuddy and Yap, 2015).
4COM PLC is the company which deals in telecommunication sector having numerous
employees. So this is relevant and significant for performing operations according to market
trends. There is difference in consumer demand, so task culture must be used. This helps to get
positive outcome from performance of employees because roles and responsibilities are assigned
according to core competencies.
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Organisational politics
Organisational politics refers to variety of activities which is performed by employees at
work place to maintain tactics to improve personal as well as organisational intertest.it has
positive as well as negative impact on business operations. In 4COM PLC, there are possibilities
of some gossips and flaws in communication due to which this affects team as well as
organisational work in negative way (Christina and et. al., 2014). This not only gives negative
impact but have some positive impact on 4COM PLC . For instance this helps to get knowledge
about employee's mindset and knowledge. In case there is change in plans and policies, then
reaction can be known and actions for betterment.
Organisational power
Organisational power means ruling by few employees over other. With the help of
organisational power, top level managers of 4COM PLC take fast decisions and hence objectives
can be achieved on time. There must be some power to subordinate so they can make fast
decisions as per demand of consumers. Power culture can be understood with the help of French
and Ravens model. This model was derived in 1959 and has six types of powers which are
discussed as under-
Legitimate power- According to this power, employees has right to ask for his/ her basic
formal rights to make demand and expect others to be formal and polite. In case of 4COM PLC,
this power helps to provide satisfaction to workforce and hence they are able to give best.
Reward power- This is the power which provides right to employees of 4COM PLC to
reward other personnel according to performance of employees (Coccia and Cadario, 2014).
Expert power- In 4COM PLC, there are some knowledge, skills, qualification having
individual. There is some changes which is effective and significant for performing business
operations in better way of 4COM PLC.
Referent power- Every employees of 4COM PLC has power to get respect from othgers.
This is effective for improving performance of individual as well team.
Coercive power- This power is provided to top level of managers of 4COM PLC. They
have right to punish or penalise individual in case of negative result or non completion of
assigned task.
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Informational power- This power is also contained by top level managers of 4COM PLC.
There are some information in organisation such as financial data, future prospective ideas, etc.
can not be delivered to external person. So this right helps to stoppage of such information.
TASK 2
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals
Motivation is the process through which managers of organisation make efforts to
perform operations in desirable manner (Coccia, 2014). Motivation is important because it helps
to attain goals and objectives in appropriate way. There is difference in mindset of employees of
4COM PLC, so with the help of motivation, employees are clear with their roles and
responsibility. Motivation helps to perform operations in synchronize manner. Motivation can be
understood with the help of process and content theory.
CONTENT THEORY
Content theory means measures taken to analyse reason of change in human behaviour
with time. This is important and relevant for providing satisfaction to customer need. Content
theory can be understood with the help of Maslow's Need-Hierarchy Theory.
Maslow's Need-Hierarchy Theory
Maslow's Need-Hierarchy Theory was launched by Ahraham Maslow in 1943. This
theory is effective and relevant for attaining goals and objectives. This theory can be understood
with the help of pyramid, which is discussed as under-
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(Source: Maslow's Need-Hierarchy Theory, 2017)
Physiological needs- This is the basic and primary need of employees. i.e. food, shelter,
water. This is the first and prime requirement of employees which has to be satisfied while
working at 4COM PLC.
Safety and security need- After basic need, safety and security need arises. At workplace
employees wants safe and secure environment. This is important to motivate employees to give
best. proper lighting, ventilation, etc. are some aspect which has to be considered by managers of
4COM PLC.
Belongingness and love need- After safety and security need, employees wants to make
some relations as friends, personal and familiar aspects which helps to satisfy social need. If this
needs gets satisfied of employees at 4COM PLC then his makes long term relations with
organisation. This can be done with performing some entertainment activities at workplace
(Farndale, Hope-Hailey and Kelliher, 2011).
Esteem need- This need arise among top level managers of 4COM PLC. As per this need,
in case of good performance it is responsibility of managers to recognise and provide good
rewards to employees. This motivates them to give best at workplace.
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Illustration 1: Maslow's Need-Hierarchy
Theory

Self-actualization need- Self actualisation is the need which arise among top level
manager. This need is different as per perception of employees. So this is relevant and significant
for maintaining long term relations with employees.
PROCESS THEORY
Process theory means actions taken to understand psychological and behavioural of
employees at workplace. This theory can be understood with the help of Vroom's Expectancy
theory.
Vroom's Expectancy theory
As per this theory motivation depends on attractiveness of reward and probability of
reward. This theory contains three elements i.e. expectancy, instrumentality, valence. This theory
is discussed as under in detail-
Expectancy- As per this element, there is expectation of employees that if performance is
best, then there is positive outcome in the form of reward. There is expectation of employees of
reward in case of positive result (Francis, O’Connor and Curran, 2012).
Instrumentality- According to this element there is relation between business operations
and organisational goals. Managers of 4COM PLC make strategies through which they can
perform operations in reliable way. This is significant for motivating employees and hence
performance of overall organisation improves.
Valence- Valence is the way through which employees of 4COM PLC value their reward
with performance. This is important and significant for motivating them. Managers has to match
performance and reward so this gives positive energy to employees of 4COM PLC.
Apart from motivational theory, there are some techniques which are used by managers
of 4COM PLC. This is discussed as under-
Training and development- This is the best way through which employees can perform
operations in effective and relevant their. In telecommunication sector, technologies are
changing with rapid speed. So with the help of training employees' knowledge gets polished.
This is effective and significant for achieving targets.
Employees engagement- 4COM PLC operates in all over UK, so it is important for
organisation to make changes which are relevant and signifiant for achieving target. There are
many changes taking place in business environment. So it is responsibility of managers to
provide chance to employees in decision making (Gabriel and et. al., 2015). This motivates
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employees as they feel they are crucial asset for 4COM PLC. This ultimately improve
organisation's performance.
TASK 3
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Team means group of people working to attain same goals and objectives. 4COM PLC is
big organisation deals in telecommunication sector. Being HR it is responsibility to form team
which is effective and attain goals and objectives on time. There are some changes which has to
be taken in order to deal with external environment. Effective team is keep to achieve
organisational goals and objectives of 4COM PLC. Team can be effective if proper knowledge
and guidance is provided. This is relevant for attaining good sales and profits (LA, 2013).
Definition of effective team
Effective team means to attain goals and objectives through proper administration by
authorised person. They were guided and supervised properly so goals and objectives can be
attained on time.
Definition of ineffective team
This is the team which lacks in achieving targets. In this team there are conflicts among
team mates which results in not achieving intended results or outcomes.
Team framing is not responsibility of manager, they are responsible for framing effective
team. This improves performance of overall organisation. Difference between effective and
ineffective team are discussed as under-
Effective team Ineffective team
Effective team members of 4COM PLC are
professional equipped and have knowledge
about actual way to perform operation.
Members of effective team have not much
knowledge and skill in order to attain goals and
objectives.
Effective team can make decisions effective
and make alteration in working style according
to external market.
Members of ineffective team are not able to
make changes in working style according to
external market elements.
Leaders of effective team at 4COM PLC
motivates employees to give best and in case
While leaders of ineffective team punish and
penalise team mates in case of negative results
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of error they keep it as learning. which affects morale of team membersof
4COM PLC .
These teams gives wastage to feedback of top
level managers.
While ineffective team does not work
according to feedback and reviews.
Characteristic of effective team are discussed as under-
Mutual cooperation- In effective team, there is mutual cooperation among team mates.
In 4COM PLC, employees have good relations among each other. This is significant and
appropriate for delivering information. This helps to reduce possibilities of duplication of
activities. Hence managers are able to attain goals and objectives i.e. improved brand image and
good profits.
Balanced roles- IN effective team, roles and responsibilities of organisation are balanced
and di8stributed among all team mates according to their skills and knowledge. This helps to
improve performance of overall association (Laforet, 2011). There is completion in
telecommunication associations, so with the help of balanced roles team mates are aware about
roles and responsibilities and hence best outcome can be achieved.
Proper communication- Communication is one of the important aspect which helps to
create synchronisation in business operations. When there is proper communication among team
mates, then they are aware about their roles and responsibilities. This is effective for overall
performance of 4COM PLC. There is less possibilities of duplication of operations and good
relations can be maintained among team mates.
HR managers of 4COM PLC emphasise of framing effective team. This is beneficial to
provide up to the mark product and services. If team is ineffective, then this affects business
operations in negative way and proves in wastage of time and cost.
Tuckman Model is used to frame effective team by HR manager of 4COM PLC. This is
relevant and si g overall operations of association (Michailova, and Sidorova, 2011).
Forming: Forming is the first step in model of Tuckman. In this step, managers of
4COM PLC analyse members which frames effective team. This is important step because other
steps may gets affected in negative way.
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Storming: Storming shows that there is some disputes among team mates because of
difference in view and mindset. While framing team by HR manager of 4COM PLC, then there
are possibilities of conflict because of dissatisfaction.
Norming: Norming is the stage in which there is some familiar relations among team
members. This helps to give best out of team mates.
Performing: At last this is the stage in which members perform to achieve assigned task.
This is the stage which gives positive outcome and goals and targets for which HR manager of
4COM PLC team is farmed.
Adjourning- This is the last step in which team gets dissolved because objectives are
achieved. After adjourning, there are good relations among members and hence they are ready to
work in team again (Owoyemi and Ekwoaba, 2014).
Belbin's theory is a research based theory which aims to focus on characteristic on every
individual in a team, so to obtain enhanced team results. This theory has been classified in nine
team roles, that is categorised into three groups: Action Oriented, People Oriented and Thought
Oriented. In context of this respective company, role of this theory becomes very vital.
Action Oriented Roles:
Shaper- In a team, shapers is one who is having a characteristic by which this respective
company will get helped by it's team member optimism. As shaper of a team, believes in
converting a obstacle into a opportunities by challenging itself and leading it's team in difficult
situations.
Implementer- This member of 4COM company is responsible for bringing ideas, plans
and concepts of respective company into existence. Personnel performing must be responsible
and disciplined towards their duties.
Completer Finisher- Personnel of this respective company, must be liable to carry out
roles related to completion of projects and to check that no errors and mistakes have been made
on part of members while implementing plans of project.
People Oriented Roles:
Co-ordinator- Leaders of 4COM company must appoint a member as co-ordinator who
has good listening skills, one which considers delegating duties to it's members so to promote
decision making.
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` Team Worker- Personnel responsible in this respective company, has to be cooperative so
to promote team spirit among it's members, and to make sure that members gel well with each
other.
Resource Investigator- Motive of these members in 4COM company, is to develop
contact and maintain healthy relationship with their stakeholders. These members possess
excellent communication skills and search for opportunities to help their team in accomplishing
objectives.
Thought Oriented Roles:
Plant(PL)- Advancing new strategies and ideas within a team performing ineffectively, in
order to enhance their efficiency is the purpose of plant. Plant must be creative and innovative in
nature for 4COM company.
Monitor-Evaluator- Purpose of these personnel in this respective company, is to evaluate
limitations and possibilities of a idea provided by Plant member. They use strategic thinking
which helps them in deciding to approve or disapprove of a particular idea.
Specialist- These members are thorough professional and they own expertise in their
field. Role of personnel in 4COM company is to feed the technical information within team to
make them perform in an efficient manner.
In context of 4COM plc, these are some of the team roles which are needed to be
performed by it's members.
TASK 4
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational context
Leadership is one of the important aspect which has to be considered by managers of
4COM PLC. As there is difference in perception of individual, so with the help of leadership,
business operations can be achieved in desirable manner. Leadership can be understood with the
help of path goal theory (Bester, Stander and Van Zyl, 2015).
Path Goal Theory of Leadership: This theory was propounded by House Mitchell in
1974. this theory has aim of achieving desirable targets within specified time limit. This helps to
give best outcome from team mates which helps to improve customer satisfaction and actions are
performed in order to attain desired goals and objectives.
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Path goals theory is based on Vroom's expectancy theory. There is requirement of some
techniques through which leaders can lead team and actions can be attained as per requirement.
With the help of leadership it is clear that managers are able to perform day to day activities
according to market trends (Suma and Lesha, 2013).
Classification of this model are explained below:
Employee characteristics: Employees characteristic is one of the important aspect for
performing work according to demand. Managers of 4COM PLC has to analyse employee's
skills characteristic and then leadership must be done. When employees feel satisfied at working
place, then this will perform best because they feel good. This is effective for overall
performance of 4COM PLC because when employees perform well, organisational goals and
targets can be achieved.
Task and environmental characteristics: As per this theory, there is essential role of
organisational environment too. For instance: managers of 4COM PLC motivate employees to
perform operations with new techniques, then they are able to attain goals and objectives. This
motivate employees to work with approaches, so rewards and appraisal are given. Task must be
assigned to employees according to skills and competencies. This helps to attain goals and
objectives in better way (Weng and et. al., 2015). When employee has full knowledge about
related task then they are able to give best. Some of the characteristics of common difficult task
are discussed in brief as under:
Design of task: Designing of task is important because this is important and relevant
factor which has to be considered by managers of 4COM PLC. There must be proper authority
and responsibility which is important to be be delegated to employees.
Formal authority system: There is some formal authority to employees through which
they can perform actual performance. With proper authority channel, it is easy to assign roles
and responsibility by HR manager of 4COM PLC. Hence this is effective for attaining targets.
Leadership styles: Leadership is important component which helps to perform business
operations in appropriate and desirable manner. There is difference in working style of
employees so with leadership operations are performed in appropriate way.
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Supportive:- This is the leadership style in which leaders support employees. They
support employees to work with appropriate manner. This leadership assist in performing
operations according with latest technique (Wilkinson and et. al., 2014).
Participative: Participative leadership is important because in this leaders perform
operations with team mates. This makes more familiar relations with team members. This is
important and relevant for getting actual knowledge because of practical knowledge about topic.
There is good relations among employees and leaders because of good relations.
Autocratic: In this leadership style, managers take decisions related to methods and
processes to be used during the operations. Authority lies in hand of managers of 4COM plc,
less inputs are taken from members.
Laissez-Faire: Authority and power to make decisions lie within hands of the members
of this respective company. In this style, leaders waive-off their rights in hands of it's members
and trust them in regard, to carry on operations and functions in an effective way.
Among these styles, it is essential for managers of 4COM plc to adopt participative
leadership style, so that conflicts can be avoided and healthy relations can be maintained
between leader and members.
Path-Goal Theory:
Job of a leader is to maintain structure, support & functioning of working environment in
respective company to help employees reach to organisational goals. As in order to increase
productivity of it's staff members, it is essential for members of 4COM plc to concern on
following points:-
Task and Environmental characteristics: Leader of this respective company needs to
understands the needs of employees on individual level, for creating a positive environment.
Choose an effective style of leadership: For managing work place, it is essential to
choose best effective leadership style. In this regard, participative style of leadership aid
managers of 4COM plc company in influencing team members for achievement of business
objectives.
Focus on motivational factors to increase productivity of workplace: To motivate
employees different factors are needed to be concerned like reward, appraisals, incentives,
promotions in a workplace.
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Managers of 4COM PLC just use participative approach, because through this
employees are mote motivated. This is important and significant for attaining goals and
objectives. When leaders works as employees, then this boost energy of team members and they
give their best. This provides knowledge about problems to larders which may arise while
performing operational activities (Andriof and et. al., 2017).
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it is clear that managers of organisation are responsible for
creating good and effective environment with organisation. Task culture is one of the best way
through which performance of individual a well as team gets improved. Power is important for
employees which helps to take fast decision and business operations can be done in effective and
relevant manner. Maslow's need Hierarchy theory is effective of improving performance of
individual as well as team because it provides satisfaction to lower as well as upper level
employees. It is responsibility of managers to frame effective team with the help of Tuckman
Model. At last there is discussion about concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour
which helps to improve performance of overall association.
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Handy's Model of Organisational Culture. 2018. [Online]. Available
through.<https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/models-of-organisational-culture-
handy>.
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