Organisational Theory and Practice: A Case Study of Marks and Spencer

This report discusses the development of Marks and Spencer, a popular retailing organisation, and the leadership and management style used by its CEO. It also examines the effects of power, influence, and conflict, and the various motivation strategies used at Marks and Spencer.

Organisational Theory and
Practice

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Main Body.......................................................................................................................................3
Analysis for managerial style used by CEO of Marks and Spencer.......................................3
Step taken by the CEO to bring about a change in organisation structure in order to achieve
high performance....................................................................................................................4
Leadership style opted by CEO of Marks and Spencer to enhance the organisational
effectiveness...........................................................................................................................6
Examination of the effects of power, influence and conflict at M&S....................................7
Various kind of motivation strategies used at Marks and Spencer........................................8
Examples & literature............................................................................................................9
Suggestions / recommendation strategies to increase organisational performance of Marks
and Spencer..........................................................................................................................10
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
References......................................................................................................................................12

Introduction
As per the current scenario, it is identified that the role of the organisational leadership
and management practices are increasing day by day. Most of the organisation is liable to adopt
some specific strategies which can useful to improve the effectiveness of the organisation. It is
analysed that organisational theories are considered as the specific process which can useful to
maintain the overall performance and effectiveness of the employees. Organisations often
utilising some appropriate strategies, theories and practices which can useful to improve the
overall development of the organisation. With the help of organisational theories and practices,
companies can effectively manage their working operations and also increase the overall
performance structure. This report is all about to discuss about the development of the Marks
and Spencer which is popular retailing organisation, establish in the year 1884 by the Michele
marks and Thomas Spencer. This brand is considered as the global brand which mainly focused
about the clothes, home products and also food items. In this report, there are various
leadership and management style will discuss which is utilised by the CEO of the Marks and
Spencer.
Main Body
Analysis for managerial style used by CEO of Marks and Spencer
In an enterprise, the manager performs a critical & important role in guiding a company to
greater heights. It is critical for M&S managers to carry out their jobs and responsibilities in
such a way that overall succession possibilities can be absorbed. Management is granted
decision-making power within organisations & it may be claimed that with this power, a
manager can govern the firm and achieve results. The managerial style of Marks and Spencer is
investigated using Henry Mintzberg's managerial position & the results are given below -
 Global types Roles - This type of function in which organization decides
communication effectiveness in order to have access to data. The manager has three key
responsibilities at Marks and Spencer monitor propaganda mouthpiece &
communicator. It is necessary to establish a management style that allows competitors
to be managed in such a way that market developments can be analysed quickly.

Communication must be carried out in such a way that effective information may be
disseminated while also providing information to consumers. Two-way communications
should be provided by the CEO so that varied policies can be communicated effectively
to constituents (Bernhard-Skala, 2019).
 Decisional types Roles - The main role of CEO's key job inside Marks and Spencer is
to undertake decisive actions in order for strategies and processes in the most effective
way possible. The CEO has a variety of responsibilities, including those of entrepreneur,
manager, and negotiates. This function allows for the creative execution of roles while
also allowing for the effective performance of managerial obligations. This function is
also useful in distributing resources and employing a variety of abilities so that the work
role can be carried out according to the job description (Mintzberg's Management Roles,
2020).
 Interpersonal types Role - This is related to the manager's function, in which authority
is delegated inside a company. Marks and Spence managerial style is assisting the
company in managing overall authority in such a way that responsibility can be properly
exercised. The organisation can carry out social and official tasks in this way & general
authority can be exercised. In the framework of Marks and Spencer management role,
their leaders are supposed to inspire and encourage others as the employee motivation
can be boosted and general efficiency can be improved. Aside from this, the
organization's manager plays an important role in information exchange, ensuring that
accurate information was given to all stakeholders or units. This is beneficial in raising
employee morale so that they may put forth greater effort inside that company.
Valuation relationships can be prepared by executing such interpersonal roles and
Marks and Spencer can look for this way to desired outcome (Al‐Hamdan, Nussera and
Masa'deh, 2016).
Step taken by the CEO to bring about a change in organisation structure in order to achieve
high performance

The organization within an enterprise wherein individuals are distributed,
accountabilities are given for improving business performance is referred to as management
structure. Rules related to how an organization's personnel are organised so that they can help
the company achieve its goals both directly and indirectly. In the case of Marks and Spencer,
the company has a suitable workplace standard that allows employees to easily access the
company's goal and goals, allowing each employee to perform more efficiently. Marks and
Spencer may conduct their business activities in an appropriate way using such features, and
needed advice can be offered to personnel using proper organisational structure. Marks and
Spencer is a store with operations in both the United Kingdom and the United States, therefore
their staff play an important role in increasing operational efficiency. The operational plan is
based on the size and nature of the company in order to reduce business difficulties. The CEO
of Marks and Spencer is deciding on changes to their management structure inside the usual
sequence -
 First & foremost, responsibilities within the enterprise must be distributed appropriately
in order to keep overall authority. The correct implementation of responsibilities in the
context of Marks and Spencer would lead to a reduction in company's overall
difficulties (Coccia, 2018).
 Customer satisfaction is a feature that motivates a business expands, and it can be
achieved through distributing duties and responsibilities in an effective manner.
 Adopting a culture of oneness within the workplace allows for more efficient execution
of diverse functions.
 Rewarding employees for achieving the appropriate level of performance and providing
the desired degree of quality in business offerings to ultimate customers is another
measure that could be useful (Gopal and Thakkar, 2016).
There is something in every corporate structure that helps to fill the gap amongst goals of
the organization and employee efforts. In the case of Marks and Spencer, the corporation is
carrying out roles in accordance with current organisation culture in order to maximise their
business performance and increase efficiency. When an incorrect organisation structure exists,
it is impossible to make optimal judgments, and financial performance suffers as a result.
Individual ability may be maximised for Marks and Spencer in the presence of an appropriate

organisational structure, which leads to improved business results. The organisation can
generate higher profits and gain market recognition by utilising significant business
architecture.
Leadership style opted by CEO of Marks and Spencer to enhance the organisational
effectiveness
Leadership is described as a process of devising strategies for achieving corporate
objectives by making sound and correct decisions. Leadership is also something that assists a
firm in gaining direction in order to improve overall business performance and to cope with
competitive market in an attempt to analyze. Right decisions need to be made in leadership that
benefit individuals and the company as a whole, so that employees' efforts can be linked with
the overall efficiency of the firm. In this way, corporate performance and requirements can be
improved with support of administration, while total capabilities can be expanded (Gunasekaran
and et. al., 2018). Employees can be provided adequate direction through leadership, which
leads to them developing a precise path to achieving the organizational goals. There are various
kind of leadership styles are considered by the CEO of Marks and Spencer which are discussed
below-
 Laissez faire leadership style - This type of leadership is related with a greater degree
of flexibility, allowing people to make proper judgments, allowing the company to
achieve important achievements. This leadership encourages identity in the workplace
and improve effectiveness (Jarzabkowski and et. al., 2021).
 Autocratic leadership style - Under this leadership style, an unique department is in
charge of making all of the company's decisions because they have the most power. This
style of leadership isn't really adaptable and does not take a multi-dimensional approach.
Underneath this sort of leadership, the leader believes that keeping power in one hand
will allow staff to gain the guidance they require in order to produce vital results.
 Democratic leadership style - Elements of employee involvement are included within
the organisation under this sort of leadership style so how they can participate in
decision-making, which contributes to the development of workforce happiness.

Workers are given the freedom to participate in judgement call processes, making this a
participative leadership style.
In the case of Marks and Spencer, the overall business activities is containing in the retail
industry, employee engagement is one of the most important components that the organization
need, and therefore democratic leadership could be a good fit for the company. The CEO places
a premium on empowering staff in judgement in order to ensure team unity and performance of
the organization (Joseph and Tranos, 2018).
Examination of the effects of power, influence and conflict at M&S
Political influence is two important components of business that are tied to the
organization's human capital. Influence and power are the restrictions that are employed inside
an organisation to help individuals reach their full potential and improve their talents. Employee
capabilities are defined as the means by which employees obtain their job direction. Behaviour
is also another factor that is influenced by money and authority, and the organization's working
culture can also be improved in this way. This is the way in which responsibilities of the job
behaviour might lead to a company's business transition possibilities. Inside the framework of
M&S, these two factors, like political clout, can be used to improve and monitor the
organization's overall performance (Mensah, 2019).
Using same management allows the organisation to recognise individual success and
efforts, allowing for a clear route to be presented to the organisation in achieving corporate
objectives. Within about a corporation, decisions are being made in order to provide suitable
directions to their personnel so how they can perform effectively in their assigned
responsibilities and contribute to the achievement of company objectives. Positive results can
be achieved by using power and influence within a company, and a large essential impact on
profitability can also be seen. In this way, corporate complexity can be reduced to some extent,
and distinct advantages can be realised (Ramos, Mota and Corrêa, 2016).
Power & also influence have a beneficial and detrimental effects impact on businesses
depending on how they are used in business activities. If power & influence are used well,
overall corporate efficiency can be improved; however, when these components are not handled

appropriately, unpleasant situations can arise inside the organisation. Aside from that, disputes
are circumstances wherein the disputes arise, resulting in a state of management. Issues can
cause business targets to be missed and operations to be delayed. Within business, differences
of opinion are the most common cause of conflict, so numerous barriers can be created as a
result. Employee engagement and satisfaction can be reduced by effectively executing roles.
Various kind of motivation strategies used at Marks and Spencer
Motivation is defined as the driving factor that instils passion in personnel in order for them
to perform their assigned tasks effectively. Employees are given many types of tasks and duties
inside a business, and it is critical to provide employees with greater level of motivation in
order to attain productivity in their functions. Employees may become more interested in their
tasks as a result of inspiration, allowing for overall corporate development (Schneider and et.
al., 2016). Marks and Spencer employs a variety of motivation tactics to keep workers
motivated, given the company operates in the retailing industry, where employees play a critical
role. It is critical for an organization to implement numerous motivational techniques so that
employees can work with more interest and support. Occupational information is related to
giving emotional and social support so that employees can have a good direction in their work
and, as a result, achieve efficiency improvements (Rincon-Roldan and Lopez-Cabrales, 2021).
Marks and Spencer CEO can motivate their staff while also gaining commercial
development by providing a higher level of motivation. There are several difficulties that M&S
personnel must manage effectively, and by utilising such high levels of energy, the company's
production can be increased. The following are some of Marks and Spencer’s motivational
techniques:
M&S's CEO is attempting to build the personalities of his staff in order to improve overall
corporate success. Faith and trust, according to the organisation, are two significant factors that
assist employees stay motivated and focused on their tasks. As a result, the company's
capabilities grow and it achieves more success.
 Marks and Spencer also offering the flexible work schedules to its staff in order that
provide them with a suitable working environment and to stimulate them.

 In the event of a pandemic, the corporation is also focused on providing health benefits
to its employees through offering insurance.
 To assist their personnel and express the value of their work inside the business, the
business provides a fair performance appraisal method.
 The corporation is attempting to meet the requirements and aspirations of its employees
by offering suitable compensation and other fringe perks. The organisation will be able
to effectively motivate its personnel and gain their higher involvement in this method.
Examples & literature
Every firm employs organisational theory and techniques in order to achieve its goals.
There are various elements of corporate concepts that businesses employ in order to improve
their efficiency and market image. ASOS is acknowledged as one of the most it more and
cosmetics retailers. The corporation is heavily invested in the application of organisational
theories in the workplace in order to achieve greater prominence in operations and effectively
distribute tasks and duties among personnel. This provides the organisation in increasing
operational efficacy while also increasing overall profitability. The organisation employs a
variety of managerial techniques with the primary goal of boosting employees’ efficiency skills
(Riyadi, 2020).
ASOS encourages employee engagement in the choice process through a democratic
leadership style, which helps staff remain focused and conduct daily operations efficiently.
Tesco is a major retailer and a competition of ASOS, as both companies are involved in the
retail business and have a strong brand. Tesco is incorporating many management principles
into their business in order to better manage operations and achieve greater success. Tesco was
able to create a significant market image while also increasing their successor chances inside
the market by employing such techniques. Tesco employs such management approaches with
the primary goal of increasing business effectiveness. The organisation employs a democratic
leadership style in order to maintain a strong connection with its employees and to effectively
carry out business duties.

Suggestions / recommendation strategies to increase organisational performance of Marks and
Spencer
Marks and Spence follows a variety of procedures and concepts, as evidenced by the
above-mentioned obtained data and extensive analysis. The organization has already achieved
greater success in the international market, but there are certain suggestions for the company
which might help it achieve greater success and efficiency. The following are
recommendations:
 In order to win succession over taken decisions, the organisation must minimise their
existence within unilateral decision-making.
 The company must offer proper terms of payment to its suppliers in order to improve
their market reputation by paying their bills on time.
 The organisation must improve their accounting system in order to reduce the number of
inconsistencies and maintain accurate paperwork (Sayers, 2016).
 The organisation may be able to hire qualified people by using fair recruitment
processes.
 The corporation adheres to a number of managerial policies which aid in the
organization's ability to operate its operations in a systematic manner and achieve its
goals.
 In order to allocate responsibilities appropriately, the corporation must have an
appropriate structure.
 In order to effectively improve total market performance, the organisation must apply
market approach and trends within their business.
 The organisation makes must place a premium on staff members' intra - personal skills
in order for them to contribute to the company's long-term success.
 Consumers usually are the business's final destination, and business offers are
constantly adjusted to meet their needs. As a result, the corporation is compelled to use
a variety of methods to increase customer satisfaction.
 Finally, earning supplier trust is an important measure for the organisation, which may
be improved by increasing visibility (Yawar and Kauppi, 2018).

Conclusion
According to this report, it can be concluded that it is necessary for the companies to
understand the effectiveness of the organisational theories and practices so that organisations
can effectively improve the effectiveness of their employees and improve their operations
effectively. Various organisational principles & research play a significant part in studying and
interpreting the employees ’ behaviour, which could also finally aid in boosting the efficiency
of their activities in the most optimal manner, as can be determined from above extensive
review & analysis. This assessment includes numerous ideas and strategies that organisations
can apply to improve their transfer possibilities in the future. Furthermore, the Business owner
is the most important person in terms of successfully managing workers & their position,
strength, as well as affect can significantly aid the company in forming new relationships and
achieving available opportunities in the big scheme of things by giving them an advantage over
the competition. While the job responsibilities allocated to the institution's supervisors that is
something that allows the management to supervise and lead their staff in the proper direction
and in the right manner in order to achieve the organization's ambitions and goals. The
incorporation of all of the aforementioned concepts and thoughts into organisational policy and
strategy can effectively assist businesses in improving their performance while also ensuring an
increase in the performance and efficiency of their workers' qualification and work.

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