Organisational Behaviour and Management

This assignment delves into the realm of organisational behaviour, examining key concepts such as structure, strategy adoption, performance management, and the influence of justice and identification. It analyses various theoretical perspectives and practical applications within diverse organizational settings, including public research institutions, hotels, and creative industries. The assignment also explores the impact of workplace spirituality on organizational citizenship behaviour.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 (A) Handy's cultural typology to handle organisational cultural.....................................1
(B) Influence of culture, power and politics on behaviour of employees..............................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2. (A) Content and process theories of motivation...............................................................3
(B) Evaluation of motivational Techniques...........................................................................4
(C) Effectiveness of motivation in achieving Organisational Goals......................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
P3. (A) Identifying different types of teams and their importance........................................5
(B) Evaluating the effectiveness of teams..............................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P4. (A) Improving team performance and productivity by using organisational theory........8
(B) Barriers to Effective performance....................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Behaviour of individuals plays an eminent role in establishing healthy and positive
working environment at workplaces. Organisational behaviour helps in managing cordial
relations with all people as they can work effectively. Along with this, it helps in influencing
organisational events in order to understand and predict them. OB is an interdisciplinary field
which involves sociology, psychology, management and communication (Adeniji, 2011). If
managers are capable to determine the behaviour of their employees them it would assistive in
giving them higher job satisfaction. BBC is the refereed organisation in this present assignment;
it is a public service broadcaster company. It has almost 20,950 employees and the firm was
founded in 1922. The overall revenue of BBC is £4.954 billion. Apart from this, the impact of
cultural, power and politics on the behaviour of individuals. Readers will also come to know
different types of motivational theories. Significance of teamwork will be also examined in this
assignment.
PART 1
TASK 1
P1 (A) Handy's cultural typology to handle organisational cultural
A business organisation is refereed as a place in which all staff members are worked
together for accomplishment of common goals and objectives. As similar, organisational
behaviour is the pathway in which all people interact, react and perform within company. In a
multinational corporate association, there are several factors which can affect individual's
behaviour, such as- power, politics and cultural (Alfes and et. al., 2013). Therefore, it helps
company to manage healthy and positive environment at workplace.
Handy's cultural typology:-
As similar to other organisations it is also essential for BBC to choose the best
appropriate organisational cultural in which employees can perform effectively. The theory was
founded in 1999, it describes that there are many feelings attached with organisation's cultural in
order to prevailing firm in an effective manner. Along with this, Handy's cultural typology is
classified into four parts, such are described as under: - POWER CULTURE – This type of organisational cultural states that power spread out
from a central group. Business organisations which have power cultural are enough
capable to have a power and control on its all activities or operations. In this, the person
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who has more power is liable to create rules and procedures; it makes organisational
environment so competitive as well as power oriented. ROLE CULTURE - Role cultural tend to develop in relatively stable environments; its
significance is to provide predictability, consistency and standardisation (Burnard and
Bhamra, 2011). Along with this, this type of organisational cultural is hardly to find out
within organisations. Rules and procedures are the ways of doing things that cannot fit
for long term period within circumstances. PERSON CULTURE – In this cultural, employees are the centre point of attraction.
Basically, person cultural is adopted by those business organisations which employees
are supportive and well cooperative. Along with this, it aids companies to manage a
flexible working environment within staff members can work effectively for achieving
firm's goals and objectives.
 TASK CULTURE – In task organisational cultural, teams are formed for a specific
motives or purpose and then apart. Team composition changes as per the the stage of the
project. Team work helps in increasing skills and knowledge of all individuals; it will
aids in enhancing interpersonal relationship of employees as they can work in cooperative
manner.
BBC is following power cultural in its business organisations, as the managers think that
it will be beneficial for them to control the behaviour of individuals. Thus, management of BBC
is so as effective so that it can be acknowledged that power cultural is the befitted cultural for the
company.
(B) Influence of culture, power and politics on behaviour of employees
Organisational cultural, power and politics have a significant role in
getting success at workplace. All these factors greatly affect employees'
behaviour and their working activities. If staff members are not feeling
comfortable and they are not listened by high authorities then it build up
job dissatisfaction among people and they will do not prefer to work in such
kind of working environment (Coccia, 2014). In this relations, it is fundamental
for manager to develop effective organisational cultural, power and polities
so as to achieve goals and objectives of the firm.
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Influence of organisational cultural: - In context of organisational
cultural, a low and weak cultural creates low employee motivation, bad
behaviour and fraud cases. So that it is fundamental for multinational
companies which have wide range of workers, i.e. BBC needs to emphasis
on improving its organisational cultural; it should be flourish and
successful. Along with this, organisational cultural underlies values or
beliefs which exists in order to driven up the behaviour of individuals. It
varies from entire association which may be hard to improve.
Influence of power and politics: - Power and politics also have an
important role in managing individuals behaviour. There are two types of
power, i.e. positive and negative. It is totally rely upon managers how to use
it. Furthermore, managers need to do right use of their power; they should
not make any kind of discrimination and promote any unethical activity at
workplace (Collings, Scullion and Vaiman, 2011). On the other hand, politics also
put a huge impact; it is conducted by those individuals who are not satisfied
with their job. Several tactics which are used in politics are well framed
with an aim of irritating higher authorities.
TASK 2
P2. (A) Content and process theories of motivation
Motivation is the way to inspire or encourage others. In context of
employees, motivation refereed as an intrinsic enthusiasm that drives
fulfilment of activities which are concerned with business. In addition,
employees can be motivated if firm's is fulfilling their all needs and wants in
an effective manner. Managers have to understand that they should render
a work environment which generate enthusiasm and motivation among
people as they can connect with firm's goals and objectives. Beside this,
there are two types of motivational theories, such as-
Content theory – The theory concerns with need theory and it
focuses on identifying the basic needs of people and try to satisfying them
in the best possible manner. According to this theory, consummation of
basic needs is the best way of getting employee motivation (Del Mar Alonso-
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Almeida and Rodríguez-Antón, 2011). Content theory involves some theories, such
as-
 Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory
 Hertzberg Two factor theory
 Alderfer's ERG Theory
Process Theory :- Basically it is concerned with 'How' factor. It means how a company
can implement motivation within organisation so as to get desired aims and targets. There are
various theories which involved in process theory: -
 Vroom theory of expectancy
 Adam's Equity theory
 Goals setting theory
(B) Evaluation of motivational Techniques
It is essential for every business organisation to adopt certain
motivational tools and techniques so as to encourage and inspire
employees. Below described are the certain major motivational techniques,
such as-
 Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory – Maslow's theory is highly emphasised on
identifying basic needs of people. This theory is classified into five parts, such as-
Psychological needs, safety needs, social needs, self Esteem needs and self
Actualization. In which, Psychological needs consists with the basic needs of a person
like food,, air, shelter, sex and clothing. Safety needs are reliable for providing safety and
security to employees in the environment where he or she is living currently (Farndale,
Hope-Hailey and Kelliher, 2011). Along with this, social needs can be defined with love,
affection, care and support which employees expect from their company. Self Esteem
needs refers that managers need to give proper respect and prestige to their workers so as
to make healthy interpersonal relationship with them. At last, Self Actualization is
the need of achieving everything that as per the wants or desires.
 Hertzberg two factor theory – The theory divides in two parts
which highly contributes in managing motivational level of employees,
such as- hygiene factors – these factors are – security benefits,
medical allowances etc. Therefore, if these factors present within an
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organisation then it helps in attaining and retaining employees for
long term period. On the other hand, several motivational factors also
have to be regulated by management in order to manage employee
motivation at workplace.
 Vroom Theory :- The theory defines that each individual has its own values and aims
which they must achieved; these aspects motivates them to perform in well being manner
at workplace. Vroom theory, recognised that employees can be encouraged only if they
have high skills, knowledge and competencies. There are three elements of this theory,
i.e. -
◦ Expectancy
◦ Instrumentality
◦ Valence
(C) Effectiveness of motivation in achieving Organisational Goals
As BBC is the leading broadcasting company over the world, there is a
wide variety of employees who are working here. So that it is essential for
business organisation to regulate effective motivational techniques which
suits its business environment. Motivational tools and techniques helps
improving motivation level of employees which enhances performance level
of the firm in a certain time period (Fuchs and Edwards, 2012). In this relation,
BBC is trying to implement several motivational theories through which firm
can achieve its desired outcomes and gain high competitive advantage.
Along with this, a well motivated employee is enough capable to produce
in pervasive manner which helps managers to gain high competitive
advantage from target market. Motivated persons also spread positive
attitude at workplace; it can also influencing others to do working activities.
Therefore, employee motivation helps in rendering a pleasant and positive
working environment within business organisations. The refereed
organisation, BBC implement Maslow's theory of motivation because
management thinks that if basic needs of employees are fulfilling in the best
possible way then they are capable to perform and get high targets.
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PART 2
TASK 3
P3. (A) Identifying different types of teams and their importance
Teamwork is an act of using or combining the skills and talents of all members in a group
or a team so as to achieve common goals and objectives. It is a interactive and continuous
process of people in which they learn, work as well as grow interdependently. In a multicultural
organisation, i.e. BBC has several types of teams, such are defined as under: - Functional Teams – It is group of individuals who works for common functional
expertise by sharing objectives. In addition, A typically functional team has a manager
and several subordinates who follows his directions (Hotho and Champion, 2011.).
Manager has the enough capability to manage all internal and external operations of a
particular department. For example- accounting, human resource, marketing etc. are the
examples of functional teams. Problem Solving teams – As per the name, problem solving teams are developed in order
to resolve organisational issues. In this, the key line managers works together so solve a
real time project issues with the assistance of an expertise. Furthermore, team members
are selected from different teams or levels and decisions are flourished in order to bosst
up teamwork. Project Teams – In this members come from different teams for completion of a specific
project or task. Project teams are divided into small groups and in this employees are
interlinked for few time period. After completion of a project they are apart from each
other (Kazemipour and Mohd Amin, 2012). Cooperation is the mandatory things within
project teams, individuals have to communicate clearly with each other so as to perform
all working activities. Virtual Teams – It is a group of employees who collaborate efforts for the purpose of
getting desired outcomes of the company. Team members perform their roles and
responsibilities in a virtual environment which is created by IT and software
technologies.
Significance of team work -
 Team work helps in increasing efficiency at workplace. It evolves a system which allows
employees to finish their all tasks and activities before or given time framework.
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 Team are often organised in order ton resolve organisational issues or problems (Kellison
and Mondello, 2012). If a team work well and the staff members feel comfortable to
share their suggestions or ideas in favour of company.
 Increasing interpersonal relationship of employees through free flow of communication
 Team work helps in understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each members so as
the process of delegation of authorities become easier.
(B) Evaluating the effectiveness of teams
Creating and managing imperative teams plays fundamental role in accomplishment of
company's goals and objectives. Although, it is a time consuming as well as sensitive process but
helps in enhancing employees' performance level. Teams are built in order to raise
communication, cohesiveness and cooperative within individuals which makes them productive
as well as effective.
Good team work helps in: -
 Operating problems of work groups which are often sources of inefficiency.
 In boost up cordial relations between management and employees; it results generating
healthy and positive environment at workplace.
Tuckman and Jensen’s model of team development: -
The model was developed in 1965, it described there are 5 stages of improving team
effectiveness at work place. It must follows by all business organisations. Below described are
the major stages of Tuckman's model: -
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(Source: Storming in the Forecast, 2013) Forming – In this stage, all subordinates are positive and polite with each other. Whereas
some are anxious as they are not capable to clearly understand that what they will have to
do. In addition, leaders plays a dominant role in forming stage so that he needs to guide
all employees about their roles and responsibilities. Storming – In next stage, some people trying to work against the team boundaries;
storming is occurred when teams are failed at its initial stages. Along with this, it also
generates conflicts and disputes among staff members. As people are belong from
different cultural by having their own opinions or view points. Norming – The stage is when team members tries to reduce their differences and
appreciate other as well as respect leaders also (Storming in the Forecast, 2013). In
norming stage, people know each other behaviour or attitude very well. They ask each
other to help and also render necessary feedbacks. Performing – In this, hard work leads to achieve team goals and objectives; all team
members are appreciated by their leaders.
 Adjourning – A few teams are reached to this stage. For example- after completion of a
project team members apart from each other.
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Ill
ustration 1: Team development model

TASK 4
P4. (A) Improving team performance and productivity by using organisational theory
In this competitive era, it is essential for all business organisations to improve team
performance and productivity. It helps BBC to gain high market growth and share from target
market. In this perspective, the firm needs to provide training and development assistance to its
employees for improving their current skills and capabilities (Kitchin, 2017). Training
programmes also improvise self confidence of individuals through which they can use their skills
in completion of project activities. Afterwards, managers can provide feedbacks and reviews to
employees on the basis of their performance and also provides required suggestions to improve
it.
Implementation of free flow of communication aids in resolving all pro0blems and
queries within a team through which subordinates can easily perform. On the other hand, path
goal is the best way team work which can be endorse by BBC; it brings effectiveness and
efficiency in a business organisation,. The theory focuses on boost up the quality of workforce
and create more profitability. Basically, path goal theory is based upon leadership style and
Vroom's expectancy theory which states that if employees have new and innovative technical
skills then will react more effectively on working activities. Furthermore, the prime objective of
this theory is to encourage staff members as they willing to do all tasks and activities in a
pervasive manner. It is also refers with the process which management creates a behaviour as per
the suitability of their environment. There are outlined certain steps of path goal theory, such are
-
 Identification of staff members' as well as environmental trait or characteristics
 Assortment of leadership styles
 Emphasis on all motivational factors for getting desired goals.
(B) Barriers to Effective performance
Since BBC works in over dynamic environment, there are several barriers and problems
which can affect or destroy the overall management of the company. Employers have to resolve
these barriers through an effective strategic implementation. Brief description of these obstacles
are defined as under: -
 Lack of managerial involvement – Due to lack of managerial involvement, employees
cannot perform their tasks in well being manner which increases the chances of failure of
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an organisation in target market. It is major responsibility of all managers to provide
proper guidance or direction to employees as they can work effectively.
 Poor communication – Miscommunication between managers and staff members can
generate various conflicts and disputes at workplaces. In a multicultural organisation, i.e.
BBC employees belong from different cultural, they all different values or believes and
managers cannot understand all of them effectively (Lumley and et. al., 2011). Therefore,
cultural differences can harm workers believes, morale or values.
 Unclear goals – This is also the one of major issue which misguides people. In other
words, sometimes team members are not clearly defined team goals to staff members. In
this sense, workers does not have proper knowledge of what they have to do; it can
reduces their interest to work in a team.
 Lack of training among staff members is also a major barrier which affect the
performance level of employees.
 Due to lack of time management strategies team leaders cannot finish their activities on
or before time schedule.
Thus, in order to resolve these barriers within a team as well as overall organisation
managers have to develop certain plans and policies. For example- free flow of communication
can reduce conflicts among staff members. It also helps in generating new ideas or innovations
which makes working activities more efficient. Furthermore, strong communication also
improves the decision making process of the company.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report, it has been summarised that organisational behaviour
is one of the important aspect of growth and success of business organisations. An organisation's
cultural, power and politics can highly affect individual's behaviour as well as job satisfaction
level. Apart from this, there are different types of motivational theories which can be adopted by
BBC, such as- Maslow's need hierarchy theory, hertzberg two factor theory, reinforcement and
expectancy theory. Furthermore, team work is accessible in improving workers' skills and
knowledge through which they can share their ideas and concepts with each other. But there are
certain factors major barriers which can affect team performance, thus managers have to focuses
on reducing these factors.
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REFERENCES
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Online
Storming in the Forecast, 2013. [Online]. Available through: <
http://www.broadpact.com/2013/02/04/storming-in-the-forecast/>.
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