Organizational Behavior and Leadership Styles

This assignment provides an extensive list of resources related to organizational behavior, including articles, books, and online sources. The resources cover various aspects such as motivation, leadership styles, team effectiveness, and public service motivation. They are sourced from academic journals, books, and online publications, offering a comprehensive understanding of organizational behavior in the 21st century.

Organizational
Behavior

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO 1 Analysis of influence of culture, power and politics on behavior of team and individuals
.....................................................................................................................................................3
LO 2 Evaluation of impact of motivation and motivational theories on achievement of
organizational goal.......................................................................................................................4
LO 3 Evaluation of effective and ineffective team within the organization................................7
LO 4 Application of philosophies and concepts organizational behavior...................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
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INTRODUCTION
An organization is defined with culture prevailing at its work place and how the behavior
of employees and staff are guided toward achievement of business objectives. The culture
reflects the vision and mission of the firm and has an immense effect on individual that motivates
them to work towards attainment of goals on the enterprise. The present report is on A David &
Co Ltd. which deals in food and beverages. In the present report the origination behavioral of A
David & Co Ltd is discussed with influence of culture, power and politics on individual
behavior. Along with this effect of motivation and motivational theories is also presented. The
factor related with effective and non effective team formations and philosophies of organisation
behavior is discussed.
LO 1 Analysis of influence of culture, power and politics on behavior of team and individuals
Organizational behavior: OB can be explained as study of the way people both as
individual and group performer. In this human behavior is analyzed in a work environment. This
can be defined as the how a business operates through its human resources and how this
individual and team actions are guided (Aithal and Kumar, 2016). What are ethical norms of the
business and up to which level every person in organization adhere to same. These are some of
the examples that fall in ambit of organizational behavior. It can stated the this is a term which
explains how efficiently an organization uses its human resources and guides them to attained
the ultimate goals of the business.
Following is an analysis of how Culture and politics and power within A David & Co Lim.
affects the individuals and teams performance and behavior:
Organization culture: this is a part of organizational behavior, this can be defies at the
workplaces environment and practices. What is the main motive that guides the behaviors of all
the personnel at workplace of A David & Co Ltd. A positive work culture creates a happy and
joyful environment which defiantly increases the working ability and performances of the
individuals and of whole team as well (Christina and et.al., 2014). Similar a lethargic and
negative environment demotivates the employees and they cannot put their 100% efficiency in
their work performances hence team also do not work well, this can lead to the fact that to
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achieve organizational goals and objective effective and on time the personals must be kept
motivates and for this to maintains a positive and less stressed work place behaviors is necessity
as if it is not ensures soon can lead organization to a real success and growth. There are types of
organizational culture: power, role, task and people. In the chosen organisation role culture with
defining specific role as individuals are role occupants but the role continues even if the
individual leaves.
Organizational power and:
Another aspect that affects the behaviors of individual in business is politics at the
workplace. This can never be said to work in a positive way but if guides in a proper manner can
lead organization to achieve sky high success. There is a hierarchy in every organization be it A
David & Co. Ltd or any other organization (Coccia, 2014). There are some employee with more
power and authorities than others and some do not have them. This game of power sometimes
motivates other to possess the same but in some situation it goes other way round and results in
bad political and power games in business.
Organizational politics:
With power and position comes money and this gives a rise to politics within firm. Another
factors related to this the level of job satisfaction as one it satisfied obviously work for own and
company’s betterments so the employee get recognized on the others hand in an employee is not
satisfied with his/hr job no one can except him/her can perform betters, this also gives rise to
politics.
LO2 Evaluation of impact of motivation and motivational theories on achievement of
organizational goal
Motivation: this can be defined as a driving factors that inspires an employee in the A
David Co Ltd to put efforts in direction of individual and organizational betterment. With
motivation a person gets enthusiasm to work and put extra effort to achieved organizational goals
and this will lead to improvement personal developments of employee as with a better
performance and reward they get job satisfaction (DuBois and et.al., 2014). This is a leading
factor for an organization to evaluation the level of satisfaction an employee gets with his/her
job.
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Motivation plays a key role in putting an extra effort by the employees to work for their
own and company’s betterment. Motivation is a key to success of A David & Co Ltd and
employees as well as with this workers in the business are motivated to perform with their full
capacity and efficiency. There can be certain ways from which employee in A David & and Co.
Ltd can be motivated:
Appraisal: this can be defined as motivating the employee through appraising their
performance through praising and giving them something of value than can be in monetary terms
or in kind. With this employees get noticed and this motivates them to work with better
efficiency and effectiveness (Koch and et.al., 2015). This will result in employees giving their
best performances and ultimately achieve the organizational goals.
Performances reward: this can be termed as the rewards in return of the good
performances. When an employee or team works at its best or achieved a pre-determined goal in
giving time frame. These can be terms of a trip with family, an award or a promotion or a raise
in the pay, all this factors lead to motivate the employee, team and other employee in the same
and another departments of the organization to work in direction of attainment of goals so they
can also get rewards.
Participation: this is another way to motivate employees through encouraging them to
take participation on curriculum activities, team task, individual projects etc organized within
firm and this opens up them gets motivated to do more such work.
Some of the other factors that motivate employees and create a health workplace culture
are: Taking Suggestions and feedbacks from employees, ensuring team spirit and open and
transparent communication.
Motivational theories: this can be defined as the procedures and actions that have been
taken in A David & Co Ltd to motivate the employees so that they can work efficiently in the
direction of achievement of organizational goal of increasing the sales of its food and beverages
in the UK.
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Content theory:The content theory concentrates on the question of ‘what motivates.
This can be defined as to identifying what are the 'needs' and relate motivation to fulfill of
those needs.
Maslows hierarchy of needs:
This defines need of an employee in 5 levels as: physiological needs, safety needs, social
needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs. In Maslow's theory we can never run out of
motivation because the very top level, self-actualization, which relates to the achievement of our
full potential, can never be fully met.
Process theory: Process theory is related with addressing the issue of how to process
work and sustain itself overtime. In these factors are determined such as the degree of efforts,
continuation of effort and its modification.
Equity theory: in the theory the work of individual employee of A David& Co Lim is
assessed with efforts of follow workers and rewarded received by them. This theory basically
focuses on attaining the equality in work efforts by all the employees in the organization (Hunter,
2018). Sometimes it can be seen that an employee does all the work or takes more responsibility
in the company but gets paid same amount of wages as other. This theory motivates them to
equalize their work by adjusting ups and down on their own performance and potentiality that
will result in different outcomes every time.. With this effect can be seen that all the employees
gets motivated to do work at same level and do share the work in case other one is burdened. In
case of work load all of them will put in equal amount of efforts to get the work done and to
deliver to food items on time to each and every consumer on time. This effort will lead to the fact
they all deliveries will be made on time and workers will be free on time.
Expectation theory: this theory deals with the fact that motivation is a related with
decision making process and evaluates efforts for the outcomes (Theories of Motivation 2018).
This reflects the involvement of the active cognitive process and user choice in the process. This
can be defined as the motivation is somehow related with the decisions made by an individual
on his final performances. Under this an employee ask certain question to themselves such as:
 Do they have time and energy to undertake the course of action in business process?
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 In promotion is due, how much and promotion is accepted and is it enough to counter
all the efforts which are put in to pass the course to get promotion.
 Do an employee go through a personal and logical evaluation process, every time
when need to make decisions and do they makes decision on intuition often.
Under this motivational theory actual evaluation process is broken down into a number of
parts:
 If I put in effort, can I expect to perform at required task?
 Will performing this act or task achieve a desired comfort?
 Can I expect the outcome will be achieved and approaching?
The Porter Lawyer Model: this model of motivational is based on complete theory of
workplace motivation. This model suggest that using individual theories won’t work and more
integrated approach is needed. In this theory, it is considered that performance lead to job
satisfaction rather than focusing on the facts that job satisfaction lead to performance. This is a
complex theory evaluates and rewards individual performances in the every effort and activity is
being rewarded or appreciated so that every individual in the A David & Co Ltd get motivated
for netter work performances.
LO 3 Evaluation of effective and ineffective team within the organization
Team: this can be defied as a group of individual coming together as a team to achieve a
common goal. In an organization the team is formed with placing an employee with specific
skills and knowledge to achieve a business objective,
Mere presences of groups and team in a David & Co Ltd is not enough until it is not
ensured that team is effective one and working towards attainment of organizational goal. With
an effective group discussions are encouraged on matters on which they do not agree and use a
healthy debate to introduce creative and changed approach and ideas before reaching any
conclusion. For making an effective
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team the management of A David & Co Ltd need to incorporates following in team:
Open discussion: for making an effective team to work for the betterment of the
company and open and transparent communication is necessary among the peers and
managements as well. All the problems cannot be resolved through the HR department
sometimes an open communication in the team is also required in order to bring in effective loop
for flow of information, suggestions and feedbacks (Martela, 2015). Team leaders are required
to talk to every person of the team irrespective of their role in the team task. This will give them
a sense of belongingness and creation of an effective team.
Logical arguments: A team is usually formed to carry out a specific task and for
completion of that task on time certain problems and issues are being faced by the team
members. To resolve those arguments are presented in the team meeting , it is necessary for the
team leader to focus on the logical and reasonable arguments as that will lead to finding of
solution on time. The team leader of A David & Co Ltd must take this into consideration that
only those arguments shall be carrying forward with which have relevance with the team
problem and have rationale in it.
Leadership: another aspect that affects the effective team building is the potentiality and
efficiency of the team leader (The Role of Motivation in Organizational Behavior, 2018). In A
David & Co. Ltd it must be taken care of that or all team related with production, distribution of
food items and beverages the team leaders must be chosen wisely. A leader is the one who
defines the direction in which the whole teamwork a leader with no leadership quality can prove
to be a failure.
Common goals: all the team members in A David & Co. Ltd must be influenced in such
a manner that all of them have common objective of attaining higher productivity and high sales
of the food and grocery products in the different localities of UK (Mafini and Dlodlo, 2014).
This can be done by making team and assigning them with separate tasks and all of them
together will ensure the increment in sales and generate more sales revenues. All teams must
work in the same direction of efficiently achieving organizational goal which can be done with
equal effort by all team members with a common objective.
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Assessment of process: for making a team effective and successful it is very necessary to
ensure that the activities undertaken by the team must be evaluated on regular intervals (Mittal
and Dhar, 2015). In case they are on the correct path it must be ensured that they stays on same
and motivates them to perform with 100% efficiency. For the instant where team has been
diverted from its actual goal, the leader must put in efforts to get the team and its work on the
track of attainments of common goals through taking corrective measures and then ensures that it
stays there. All this can be determined only when team efforts and process are assesses and
evaluated on regular basis.
Ineffective teams establish due to quick and faster agreements on viewpoints and point
discussed when a present idea is given a benefit of doubt. Tasks completion in this situation is
done on quicker way thus underlying causes are being overlooked and results in failure of the
task or ineffective attainment of task goals the reasons for being an ineffective team in A David&
Co Ltd are:
Lack of agreed objective: The main reason of a team of becoming ineffective is that all
the team members do not feel connected to the team and team’ goals and this results in them not
having same end task results. Team members do not possess same agreed objective for the
development of organization rather they focus on something else. Either they do not put in
efforts in the team work or they do not relate to the goal in same manners as other do.
Decision making through voting: another reason for failure of a team is that decision
are not taken with mutual understanding rather they are reached through taking votes. Generally
it is seen that voters can be easily persuaded and manipulated, whether voters are team workers
or general citizens (Moore and et.al., 2018). Voting in team decision never seems to be a
successful decision making process and some can be influenced, threatened or persuaded to vote
in favor or against the decision to be taken.
For making an effective team this must be applied
Belbin Team theory:
in this every team mate is assigned a role as per his/her skills and talent. The effectiveness and
success of a team can be determined with knowing the mix of the roles within group. In a
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successful team there are few roles that must be assigned which are: coordinator, monitor,
shaper, implementor, finisher, resource investigator.
LO 4 Application of philosophies and concepts organizational behavior
Organization behavior: this can be defined as the study of human behavior in
organizational setting. It is an interface between human resources, their actions, organization and
work culture. This is based on few fundamental concepts which revolve around nature of people
and firm. There are certain philosophical concepts of organizational behavior are;
Individual differences: every person in this universe is different from other and has a
different mindset. This idea is considered in OB of A David & Co. Ltd from basic concept of
psychology. There is a big difference between the thinking, habits and other traits of a person as
compared to that of with another person and this brings a huge gap in team and other task when
the employee have to work with their personal rationales. To bring all at same place is tough,
their its study is need so that delivery boys, cooks, salesmen and other employees of A David &
co can be brought one point in order to faster achievement of organizational goal by organizing
team activities, picnics, outings and creating joyful workplace environment.
Perception: Another trait related with behavior of a person is perception. This can be
defined as the though a person have when he/she sees a thing, this is obvious that no one can
have a same perception sand the management of A David & Co Ltd cannot bring all with same
perception over a think or goal in organization. The efforts can be made to persuade their
perception by influencing them to give priority to business goal over personal objective.
Motivated behavior: this can be explained as, an employee has so many needs for
himself and his family and there is a continuous instinct inside him which wants to fulfill those
needs. This motivates an employee to perform well in the organization (Ocasio, Rhee and
Milner, 2017). With this the whole staff and people can be motivation by implying condition the
with an effective work performance that will a better pay and incentives.
Desire of involvement: this is another philosophy that is related with the every
employee seeking opportunity to work and to get involve in decision making problem.
Employees have a thrust to hoe what they know and to learn from the experiences. The
management of A David & Co. Ltd must take this desire of the employees in account and
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provide them chance and opportunity to get involve in decision making process and share their
ideas that can lead to organizational development.
Human dignity: this is another thing an employee thrust in an business, which can be
explained as every person need to be treated with dignity and respect be it a as person at CEO
level or a labor person (Tjosvold and Tjosvold, 2015). In A David & Co Ltd this must be taken
care of that every employee is treated differently form factors of production as they are at a
upper hand over immortal things.
Whole person: this can be defined as personal life of an employee is not detached from
his/her working life. Personal life reasons always affect the work performance ability of
employees in A David & Co Ltd. Personal and professional can never be separate as that go both
hand in hand. This must be taken care of that personal need and requirement along with taking in
to consideration personal problems must be adhered by management of A David & Co Ltd.
Social system in organization: a company is a social system and activities in to are
generally governed by social laws and psychological laws. This can be explained can just a
human being has a psychological need this he/she also has a social need which includes social
recognition, respect, role and a status in the society (Weller, Boyd and Cumin, 2014). Their
behavior is influenced by their group, peers and their interest that drives their behavior.
Generally there are two types of social system in an organization which are formal and informal.
Being a medium sized organization A David & Co Ltd. they need to follow informal social
system more as their business of food and beverages needs it for better work performances.
Mutuality of interest: mutual interest van be represented with the statement that
David& Co Ltd need people and people also need organization to work in. Organization has a
human purpose. They are incorporated and maintained by some of the mutuality of interest. For
people this company is being seen as a mean to help them reach their personal and professional
goals. While at the same time for A David & Co Ltd. needs human resource to achieve their
organizational goals and objective to increase door to door delivery and sales revenues as well.
Holistic Concept: this can be understood as people and organizational relationship
regarding the whole person, group, organization and social system (Van der Wal, 2015). This
considers the view of people in business to understand factors as many as possible that
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influences their behavior. In this aspect problems related to them are analyzed and the total
situation that affects them is being determined as solve radically so that they can perform with
better efficiency and attain job satisfaction.
Path goal theory
In this theory, leader complements his employees and compensates for their
shortcomings. This type of supervision removes pitfalls and barricades. This can be applied in A
David & Co Ltd as the delivery boys and chef can be given application amount for their
excellent performance.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that organizational behavior is an integral part
of A David & Co. Ltd. as it reflects a connection between employees and and organizational
perspective to handle the man power. Being a medium sized organization the number of
employees in A David & Co. Ltd is limited still they need to be motivated from time to time in
order to maintain and increase there work productivity and efficiency.
Further it can be articulated that motivational theories plays an important part in
determination of motivational approaches for employees. Another aspect that has been evaluated
in this project is that organizational culture and power and politics effect the perception of
employee so necessity is there to incorporate positivity in A David & Co. Ltd. Lastly it has been
found out that to build an effective team the management of the organization need to involve
themselves and employees to build strong team. Philosophies of organizational behaviors deals
with the human thinking and their perceptions and A David & Co. Ltd need to take them
inconsideration in order to create job satisfaction and effective work culture.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Aithal, P. S. and Kumar, P. M., 2016. Organizational Behaviour in 21st Century–'Theory A'for
Managing People for Performance.
Christina and et.al., 2014. How organisational behaviour and attitudes can impact building
energy use in the UK retail environment: a theoretical framework. Architectural
Engineering and Design Management. 10(1-2). pp.164-179.
Coccia, M., 2014. Structure and organisational behaviour of public research institutions under
unstable growth of human resources. International Journal of Services Technology and
Management. 20(4-6). pp.251-266.
DuBois, M and et.al., 2015. Leadership Styles of Effective Project Managers: Techniques and
Traits to Lead High Performance Teams. Journal of Economic Development,
Management, IT, Finance & Marketing. 7(1).
Hunter, M., 2018. What lies beneath organisational behaviour: the role of hidden and
unconscious processes at work (Doctoral dissertation, London Metropolitan University).
Mafini, C. and Dlodlo, N., 2014. The relationship between extrinsic motivation, job satisfaction
and life satisfaction amongst employees in a public organisation. SA Journal of Industrial
Psychology. 40(1). pp.01-12.
Martela, F., 2015. Fallible inquiry with ethical ends-in-view: A pragmatist philosophy of
science for organizational research. Organization Studies. 36(4). pp.537-563.
Mittal, S. and Dhar, R. L., 2015. Transformational leadership and employee creativity:
mediating role of creative self-efficacy and moderating role of knowledge
sharing. Management Decision. 53(5). pp.894-910.
Moore, S. C and et.al., 2018. Using Simulation to Cross-Train Staff and Build Effective
Teams. Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 20. pp.1-6.
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Ocasio, W., Rhee, L. and Milner, D., 2017. Attention, Knowledge, and Organizational
Learning. In The Oxford Handbook of Group and Organizational Learning.
Tjosvold, D. and Tjosvold, M., 2015. What Makes Teams Effective?. In Building the Team
Organization. (pp. 17-30). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Van der Wal, Z., 2015. “All quiet on the non-Western front?” A review of public service
motivation scholarship in non-Western contexts. Asia Pacific Journal of Public
Administration. 37(2). pp.69-86.
Weller, J., Boyd, M. and Cumin, D., 2014. Teams, tribes and patient safety: overcoming barriers
to effective teamwork in healthcare. Postgraduate medical journal. 90(1061). pp.149-154.
Online
The Role of Motivation in Organizational Behavior. 2018. [Online]. Available thorough :<
https://www.managementstudyguide.com/role-of-motivation-in-organizational-
behavior.htm>.
Theories of Motivation. 2018. [Online]. Available thorough :<
https://open.lib.umn.edu/organizationalbehavior/part/chapter-5-theories-of-motivation/>.
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