Organizational Behaviour Report

This report analyzes organizational behavior concepts using AM (Holding) Limited, a confectionery foil and polyester manufacturer, as a case study. It examines the impact of organizational culture, power, and politics on individual and team performance, explores motivation theories and techniques, and contrasts effective and ineffective teams. The report also discusses the philosophies and concepts of organizational behavior, including supportive and autocratic approaches.

ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
P1. Organization power, politics and culture influence individual and team performance and
behaviour.....................................................................................................................................1
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................3
P2 Motivation theories and motivational techniques..................................................................3
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................8
P3 Effective team as opposed to ineffective team......................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behavior refers to both group and individual activity and performance
within a company. OB is study of human behavior in organizational setting, interface between
people action and firm, and organization itself. The main goal of this is to develop good
conceptualization of organizational life and revitalize its theory (Pinder, 2014). It is set of
experiences, philosophy, expectations, as well as values that guide each members' behavior. The
present report is presented in regard of manufacture confectionery foil and polyester
entrepreneur, A M (Holding) Limited. This report explains organization's culture, power and
politics influence individual and performance and team behavior. It clarifies theories and
techniques of motivational that motivate team and individuals to achieve goal and objectives.
This study explain ways that make effective team as opposed to ineffective group. Furthermore,
it justifies philosophies and concepts of organizational culture within company and business
situation.
LO 1
P1. Organization power, politics and culture influence individual and team performance and
behaviour
AM (Holding) Ltd. operates as holding organization in which its subsidiaries, supplies
and manufactures confectionery foil and polyester film based on packaging products. They serve
confectionery, multimedia, dairy and pharmaceutical markets. Company is leading independent
supplier of both goods base on packaging. There product are using in variety of applications
including many areas, all of which are delivered through their operations firms: Friths flexible
packaging Ltd and S.F. Williams (Foils) Limited. As discussed above organization run many
functions and each operations has been successful with the help of effective team. Company
culture impact on team nature and performance very much. Culture presents beliefs, policies,
ideologies, practices of firm. It gives workers sense of direction and controls the way they
behave with each other.
Organization's culture-
AM (Holding) Ltd, provide good facilities to all the staff members in which they work
according to the government policies like National Minimum wage Act 1948. Accordant to this
Act company pay employees many benefits and opportunities to grow their careers (Gelfand,
and et.al., 2017). They treat each person equally without any differences and give equal
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opportunity to turn. By adopting creative culture firm allow their workers to utilize their
creativeness and encourage them thinking out of the box. Furthermore, in workplace company
build collaborative culture that relies heavily on teamwork, decision making and consensus
based on shared view of desired results. Cooperative environment in workplace help all the
workers for accomplishing their work on time.
Impact individual, team behavior and performance-
Positive impact- Thus, if AM (Holding) Ltd, adopt creative culture in their company
they can encourage workers for doing some creativity in their work. It helps them to make
different ideas or thoughts that help to achieve set goals and objectives of business. Creativity
creates new concepts that supports to beat competition by using innovations (Carpenter, Berry
and Houston, 2014). This culture allows each individual to come out to the box and explore the
world by creating different or unique idea. Leaders encourage team members and motivate them
for do innovation in existing products that enhance their ability of work effectively. Team
behavior develop more and more and it also builds strong relationship with leader and others.
Collaborative culture increase workers performance and improve their ability of work that help
to run each business functions efficiently.
Negative impact- AM (Holding) Ltd, it not adopts creative and collaborative culture they
do not encourage workers and cannot improve their performance as well. It effects business
productivity and profitability and low down customer base. It increases employee turn over
levels and give opportunities for competitors to grow their business. Without collaboration each
members do not work and accomplished given tasks. Its low down their moral and make changes
in its behavior.
Organization Power-
Power defines as the ability of control and influence anything that is value to others.
Although in terms of power and authority are often used synonymously. It is a quality to impact
change in individual or team in some way. AM (Holding) Ltd, run each business functions
effectively within having good leaders or managers that help in this process. Leader is person
who have the power of distributing tasks and also have good skills that resolve issue in
workplace. They have expert power for giving opinions, take decisions and give ideas for
betterment.
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Positive impact- Thus, in the organization if leader distribute task equally to every one it
encourages them for doing their work. It impacts on individual performance and enhance them
with the firm for longer. They provide proper guidance to team members equally without any
difference that increase its morale and interest of work. Within having support and motivation of
leader employees improve their performance and develop skills and knowledge more than now.
Negative impact- In the organization if leaders do not treat all the staff members equally
that might be effect individual behaviour. Employees belief on leader get lower that result has
been reflected as increasing employee turnover. They pay more attention to business goals and
less able to understand workers needs which impact on team behaviour. It only focuses on few
person's and other will feel uncomfortable with their nature (Graham, Ziegert and Capitano,
2015). Inflexible leadership create negative environment in which employees get restricted and
do not collaborate with each other that can be impact on their performance and workers want to
quit organization. If leader are working out of balance among its responsibilities and skew more
towards focus of production and profit at all costs at expense of their group satisfaction and
team's culture and also to organization environment that negatively impact on team behaviour.
Company's Politics-
Organization politics is behaviour and process in human interactions including authority
and power, it also known as organizational politic and office politics. For example, AM
(Holding) Ltd, promote one team members and motivate them for doing good performance as
compare to others. They are only concentrating particular team and its growth and make efforts
for their developments and improvements. Give them training, coaching, monitoring their work
performance more than staff members.
Positive impact- Team performance and interest towards company will increase
capability of work that have positive impact on individual. Training and coaching develop their
skills and knowledge more than the others that help in its career growth as well as professional.
Negative impact- High authority of AM (Holding) Ltd only concentrate on one team as
compare to another that impact of their performance and interest toward firm. This type of
behaviour create negative environment in workplace and dissatisfy other team members or
individuals.
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LO 2
P2 Motivation theories and motivational techniques
Content Theories-
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs-
This theory is often reflect in shape of pyramid: most complex need at top and basic
needs at bottom. Maslow's Hierarchy condenses needs into five stages, they ordered these wants
in his hierarchy, opening with basic psychological needs and continuing through love, belonging
and safety, self- actualization and esteem. In this theory the lowest unsatisfied need becomes
dominant and least significant and powerful need.
1. Physiological needs: In involves most basic demand of human to survive such as food,
air and water these physiological are the most important things (Kim, 2014). For
example, AM (Holding) Ltd, has to offer employees all the basic needs that encourage
them and increase its working interest more than now. They have to provide water
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Illustration 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
(Source: Motivation theories, 2018)

facilities in workplace and give them places where they leave. This process develop or
improve their performance and drive them towards organization goals and objectives.
2. Safety and security: In this stage company have to offer workers all the safety and
security sources that ensure them about firm concerns for employees safety. AM
(Holding) Ltd, provide health and safety agreements to secure their life's from having any
incidents at workplace. Company give employees equal wages, personal and financial
security that increase their working interest and they help firm for achieving
organizational goal.
3. Belongingness and love: AM (Holding) Ltd, encourage workers to take part in decision
making process and give their advice and share ideas or thoughts with other that help to
develop business more than others. Company create flexible environment in workplace
which enhance all the staff members for accomplishing given tasks. Involving workers in
decision making procedure id one of the best way to motivate individuals.
4. Self esteem: Promotions, incentives, respects are the elements of self esteem which
organization adopt in their business structure. AM (Holding) Ltd, give incentives to
workers and also provide promotion to them after monitoring their performance. It will
encourage them and raise their interest of work more and more. Individual and team give
positive response to company and support for achieving desired objectives and goals.
5. Self actualization: At this stage workers receive all facilities that increase its interest of
accomplishing task and develop their skills and ability of work. Now employees are able
to grow in their personal and professional life's with full confidence.
Alderfer- ERG Theory-
This theory has divided into three steps such as, existence, growth and relatedness.
Relatedness harmonized to esteem and belongingness of others, growth is same as Maslow's self
esteem plus self- actualization.
 Existence needs- AM (Holding) Ltd, offer employees physical safety needs as well as
physiological need that can enhance their motivation level. In short workers will raise
their performance levels and work according to gain business objectives and goals that
raise firm position in marketplace better than others.
 Relatedness needs- Organization provide workers leave to spend their time with family
members as well as friends. AM (Holding) Ltd, give maternity leaves to its working
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women that build trust and strong relationship between both of them. By receiving this
behaviour from company staff want to engaged with firm and help to achieve goal.
 Growth needs- Employees revive good behavior from organization that develop self
confidence among them which support for growing business in marketplace. By getting
all the facilities or services individual improve their skills, knowledge and that will
increase its working interest more than now.
Process theories-
Skinner's reinforcement theory-
This theory is based on Skinner's operant conditioning theory, that says behavior formed
by its consequences. For example, appreciation, praise, good grade or mark, money, reward and
promotions increase possibility of rewarded behaviors' repetition. This theory reflect tow stages:
 Positive reinforcement: AM (Holding) Ltd, praise worker for good performance and
hard work and give rewards to them. This effort motivate employee for accomplish given
task on decided deadlines. Appreciation is one of the best motivation technique that
increase individual or team confidence to achieve business or personal goal. Negative reinforcement: Threat of negative feedback form high authority also motivate
and encourage team or individual's to get the best results about performance. For hire
incentives and appreciation workers need to be on their toes. It means they have to work
hard and give effective performance in better way or manner that raise business position
in marketplace and help to achieve desired goal.
Vroom's expectancy motivation theory-
This theory places an importance on content and process of motivation as well as
integrates needs, reinforcement and equity theories. The aim of this model is to explain how
people select form available actions.
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 Expectancy- Organization must give training and coaching to employees that improve
their skills that help to achieve organizational goals. Firm motivate individual's that
increase their expectancy levels more than the others. They believe that hard and more
efforts will result in growth and success.
 Instrumentality- AM (Holding) Ltd, pay incentive and give rewards to team and others
for their hard working performance that develop interest of work more and more.
Company must appraise individual that improve its work style in certain manner. Both
factors motivate employees and drive them towards achieving organizational goals.
 Valence- Company must give rewards to employees as per according to their
performance that motivate them. They provide reward and appraise workers accordant to
its expectations which enhance skills and ability of work.
Motivational techniques-
 Create positive environment: AM (Holding) Ltd, motivate staff by offering cheerful
and positive work environment. They must encourage team and share ideas and also
make sure that its staffers have all the knowledge and skills to perform well. Organization
be always available when workers need them and create collaborative environment which
help them to feel comfortable in workplace (Lazaroiu, 2015). By eliminating conflict as it
arises are one of the best way in which company motivate individual. Give freedom to
perform independently when appropriate firm gain employee trust. Firm must create open
communication environment in workplace that also play role as motivation.
 Provide incentives: Incentives are always acted as motivation boosters and work
effectively on employees' behavior. AM (Holding) Ltd, should offer incentive like gift
cards, extra paid day off and tickets to movies that show organization appreciation. Cash
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Illustration 2: Vroom's Expectancy Motivation Theory
(Source: Vroom expectancy motivation theory, 2017)

rewards are also good incentives as well that motivate individuals to achieve desired goal
and business objectives. It plays important role in engaging firm best workers with them
that result is lower amount of turnover. Appraisal is one of that factors that help
organization to retain their employees with them for longer time of period. Company
must ask worker for their inputs and get suggestions on how to improve its performance
that will also motivate them.
 Communicate better: Communication is one of the way that resolve issues in any
organizations for example, AM (Holding) Ltd. Higher authority must communicate with
their staff and try to solve their problems that help to motivate them and meet with its
desired goal. Organization must communicate with team or individual frequently and
speak with workers face to face which increase their interest more than now towards
work. It is the best methods to show that their staff are valued for them and reflect that
firm are appreciating for their efforts. This process also make them comfortable and feel
as a part of company.
 Be transparent: AM (Holding) Ltd, discussed every things with employees about what
happening at high level so they are no surprise and aware about competitive environment.
It gives a chance to ask any questions regarding it and give feedback. Firm wants
employees to feel included in decision making process and committed to direction of
their takes. This will help to sustain motivation and increase organization pride and
loyalty more than the others. Transparency build trust among company and workers and
makes individual feel that they are working for firm with higher ethical standards.
 Give rewards: Reward system is one of the best method that help to motivate employees
in organization. Motivation improve their working style and drive it in better way or
manner that helps to achieve organizational goals and objectives. AM (Holding) Ltd, give
rewards to workers based on feedback form customers and high authority. Positive
reviews encourage team and individual both for working effectively. Firm must create
positive energy in workplace that helps them to retain and attract talent people's. This
process increase motivation in work areas and support to improve performance, boost
productivity and raise morale. Rewards give on bases of employees performance that
confirms their work is valued by others.
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LO 3
P3 Effective team as opposed to ineffective team
Characteristic of effective team-
Effective team already have clear directions how to work and performance in
organization for achieving organizational desired goals for example, AM (Holding) Ltd.
Sometimes company to move on its tasks and pull together group of individual without deciding
on objectives and goals. At that time effective team know how to work and gain the best results
that increase profitability and productivity more than others. They have communicative and
collaborative skills that help them to communicate with other as well as support for resolving
others issues in workplace. Effective team take right decisions that show other ways to achieve
goals. Each member respect organization decisions as well and work effectively in any situations
without any discussions. They generate new and creative ideas that is one of its best skill which
help to raise the performance of business at high level. Individual are able to propose information
and formulate that details into better responses.
Characteristic of ineffective team-
Cohesion and lack of unity is one of characteristic of an ineffective team and do not help
effectively as compare to effective team. They are united around common causes, beliefs and
goals with understanding that each person contribute helps collection mission. This type of team
members are not been clear about its particular mission and contain others who disagree about
what common goals add. Disorganization is another characteristic of ineffective team this lie in
basic structure of unit where members have no idea how to play their role and accomplish given
tasks. Ineffective team does not complete their work according to given time limits that impact
on other performance. This team do not have appropriate skills and knowledge that are needed to
finished their responsibilities and assign tasks. They are not been able to monitor their own
performance for efficiency. Group has not given itself stimulus of nonstop series of small wins
along way to large goals.
Difference between both of them-
Effective team Ineffective team
 Effective team have established clear
goals. Compelling intent energizes
 Ineffective team does not establish their
goals and do not take part in any
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other members and oriented them
towards achieve business objectives
and also to their collective goal.
 They flow freely up, sideways and
down and give the best performance at
any situations in organization (AM
Holding Ltd.)
 Collaborative, supportive, trusting,
respectful are the characteristic of this
group.
activity of firm that give its negative
impact as result failure. They have no
looming deadlines when goals needs to
be met.
 Ineffective team member mainly flows
down and weak in their performance as
compare to others.
 Competitive, unsupported, suspicious,
partisan are the characteristic of this
team.
LO 4
P4 Philosophies and concepts of organizational behaviour
OB concept is based on two elements like-
1. Nature of people- It is basic qualities of person or characteristic that personalize each
individual they can unique or similar. There are some factors that affect nature of people
in AM (Holding) Ltd. They are- Individual difference- Thus, if organization do not treat all the employees equally and
try to judge anyone apart from their work demotivate workers. This type of differences
impact on their performance and team behavior that lower down productivity of firm
more than another.
 Motivated behavior- On the other side company motivate staff and treat them equally
without any differences that enhance its work interest more than now. Motivation
behavior of firm encourage team as well as individual that help to achieve goals and
desired objectives.
2. Nature of organization- It states motive of AM (Holding) Ltd, it was an opportunity that
provide good results and build company position at global market. Mutual interest- Organization needs employees and they need company to prosper and
survive. Usually, it is mutual understanding between employees and organization that
helps both reach their desired goals and respective objectives.
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 Ethics- Company adopt ethical treatment in order to keep and attract valuable and skilled
workers which is very important for business growth and success.
Philosophies of organizational behavior-
 Supportive: AM (Holding) Ltd, must seeks to understand what motivates their team and
focuses on way that inspire them and encourage as well. When company are given
opportunities to staff members for improving their skills, they often take personal
imitative to perform better at their duties.
 Autocratic: Autocratic is one of that philosophy which AM (Holding) Ltd, adopt and
perform according to it for controlling employees performance to achieve their desired
goals. High authority puts charge and subordinates in position to obey their commands.
CONCLUSION
This report discuss about organization culture, power and politics that impact on
employees' performance both sides negative and positive. It has been concluded that adoption of
motivational theories enable effectively for achievement of goals in AM (Holding) Ltd. This unit
also discussed characteristic of effective team as opposed to ineffective team that motivate other
people in workplace for giving better results. Furthermore, autocratic and supportive
philosophies work effectively on workers' behavior in which they follow all the rules of obey
order of higher authority that help to gain positive results. It discus that adoption of motivational
techniques one of the best way that help to enhance and engage employees with the organization
for longer
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