Organizational Change and Management

This assignment explores the critical role of procedural development in successful organizational change. It requires students to analyze the impact of proper procedures on change initiatives and delve into relevant theories and frameworks that underpin effective organizational change management.

ORGANIZATIONAL
CHANGE SWOT ANALYSIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
1) Theoretical perspectives and organisational change..........................................................1
2) Company and the changes it have made in relation to the definition justified..................3
3).............................................................................................................................................4
a) SWOT analysis...................................................................................................................4
b) Benefits and drawbacks of using business SWOT analysis...............................................5
4) Role of the change agent....................................................................................................7
5) Problem-centric and Dialogic approach.............................................................................8
Organisational change............................................................................................................9
Benefits and drawbacks approaches to change management.................................................9
Identification of approach preferred to use to manage the change.........................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Trends and change are inevitable as they keep on rising while a business is operating.
There are various changes in context to operations of business which can be seen over the time
from then to now. These changes have to be adapted by each and every business organisation in
order to survive and have a command over business. Likewise, the business and the processes
also changes in an association to meet the requirement of the people which are there in a
company. There is a need for assessment of various factors in a company when a change is built
in a company. So, this document is an analysis of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and
Threats of Safi Airways which requires technological up-gradation as the business is dealing
with various equipment which are technical and there are software's which are used in operations
of company.
1) Theoretical perspectives and organisational change
Organisational change is a process in which a company frames and reframes the process
which is going on and new plan is brought to existence. In the words of Lewin, the change is
unfreezing, change and refreeze is the process which is followed in case of implementing any
type of changes which are there in any organisation.
According to Dr. John the change which an organisation have to bring into its operations
so as to have a proper operations without any type of disturbance in a company.
Theories of change which have been given by many theorists regarding establishment of
change in premises of a company are many (Benn, 2014). In relation to understand the
organisational change in a better way it is important to evaluate upon various factors which are
there. The two theories have been given below:
Dr. John P. Kotter's 8 steps for leading change:
 Establish sense of urgency
Identification of the need for change which is required in business organisation so as to
have a proper base for developing further on to the change which have to be developed.
 Create the guiding coalition
All the data which is related to the change have to be collected from the market so as
have a complete knowledge of change which have to be there in a company.

 Develop a vision and strategy
The strategy for overcoming the establishment of the change have to be made so as to
make appropriate procedural change in the company for its development and growth.
 Communicate the change vision
 Empower employees for broad-based action
The employees have to be trained to do an action which have to be required in relation to
change which is to be implemented in a company.
 Generate short term wins
The short term goals in order to reach the long term objective of the company this will
help in establishment of change in the organisation slowly-slowly (Brown, 2012).
 Consolidate gains and produce more change
The gains which are obtained by various small goals achievement have to be united
together so as to acquire a big achievement.
 Anchor new approaches in the culture
The new approaches which have been established in the organisation must be kept in it
and according to that it have to operate further.
Plan-Do-Act-Check-Act model for change by W. Edwards Deming
 Plan
First of all the change which have to be made have to be planned in accordance with the
organisation. A whole plan for the change have to be made by experts so as to have effectiveness
in the operations.
 Do
The implementation of the plan in this stage in the organisation so as to have it in action.
Implement the plan and execution of the process by the workforce of the organisation.
 Check
After that the change which is implemented have to be monitored and controlled in order
to check whether it is working properly or not.
 Act
Than if there is any changes required than they have to be enacted in the premises of the
company.
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Hence, both of the theories aims at providing a complete process for the change which is
to be implemented in the organisation.
2) Company and the changes it have made in relation to the definition justified
Safi Airways is the first and largest airline which is privately owned in Afghanistan
founded in 2006. It operates with EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency) and regarded as the
first organisation to operate with it. There are many destinations in which services are provided
by this airlines. It is an airline company so there are many changes which are required to be
made in regards to technology in this association.
The change which are occurring in the company are related to its operations and
expansion in diversification of services. The company have started providing its services online
for booking and getting flights. Also there is an expansion in flights to Delhi, Dubai, Kabul and
so on. This change have been implemented by looking and overcoming the challenges in case of
bookings which the company was facing in regards to its customers. As the competitors were
operating this strategy. Also this have a major impact of globalisation on it. There are many other
competitors which have been equipped and developed with technology of online booking for
flights through which they have increased the facilities for the customers who have been
applying for the same services (Choi, 2011). So, the company's board of directors have made this
change and developed an online web portal for booking of flights by the people who are seeking
for the same facilities. The employees are affected in such a way that they are trained to use the
online system so that they are compatible for the change which is being there for the success of
the company. The employees who have been working for the company have been informed
about the changes in the process of booking for the company for which they have also made
efforts as this is the demand of the situation.
The definition is directly related to the change which have incurred in Safi airways as it is
being justified that the company have researched the market first to plan a change which was
obtained as online booking. After which it have made its website which can operate online and is
user friendly. On the success of which people started booking on it through this many more
bookings were there which have raised the business of the company (Colquitt, 2011). The whole
procedure for switching the business from retailing to online have been developed in a positive
way which have resulted in growth sales of the company in Afghanistan. In order to meet the
various challenges of the environment which was the demand of the people company have made
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these changes which is a very positive sign of relation with the definition of organisational
change.
The company first identified the need for change which have to be implemented in the
company according to which unfreezing, change and refreezing of the new process have been
implemented in the company. This specifies the need for change and how company have adopted
and implemented it in its operations which will help it to develop in various parts of globe to
endeavour success and reach heights in terms of profit (Goetsch, 2014). The company is coping
up with the environment in regards to change with the modification in its business which is a
good sign of development. Safi airways is a company which is very much devoting in the sector
of airways in Afghanistan so the company have to make many new plans and policies in order to
attract customers. In processing these changes the whole procedure of a company also modifies
so the employees which are appointed in the company are trained according to the changes and
consistencies in the operations of the association.
3)
a) SWOT analysis
Strengths
 The crew members of Safi Airways are
very good.
 Safety is the major concern.
 High quality services and reliability.
 Have a very well built customer
support system to exceed customer
expectation. There are world leading standards
which are followed in providing the
services in the area of flying to a
customer.
Weaknesses
 Business of the company is not really
expanded.
 Only daytime flights are available in
some areas of Afghanistan.
 Limited services with less easily
approachable booking system.
Opportunities
 Competitive strategies according to
competitors present in the economy.
Threats
 There are many other rivalries present
in the country by which company have
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 Online booking system and merger
with various portals for flight booking. Technology adoption from time to time
is an opportunity for the company.
a threat.
 The weather is also a threat for the
company's operation.
 Technological advancement is
vigorously rising which can bring
complications.
From the above SWOT analysis it have been clear that the company is having its business
at a good path which leads to growth and development. Currently the company is operating at a
very initial stage which states that it needs to expand and grow its business. For this the company
is adopting many changes so that there is better and developing operations for the airlines. Safi
airways is making many new agreements with ports to expand its business in a way that it serves
people for more destinations it was serving previously (Helms, 2010). Also there is a major
change in the process of bookings which are made online as for now keeping in mind the
demand and convenience of customers. High quality of services are the main focus of the
company.
The current state of business is very good but the operation are on a very limited scale
which needs to be expanded in order to have more earnings and stability for the business. As the
company have many expenses which have to be met through expansion and attracting more and
more customers which are done by improving the capacity of operations of the business in
various more destinations so that customer travels through this airline. Also there is a huge focus
on providing the services to the customers which will help the company to have more satisfied
and loyal consumers and retention of the people with its services will be enhanced which will
lead the business to grow and expand. These are the main reasons which have been looked after
by the company to have its business operations in near future.
b) Benefits and drawbacks of using business SWOT analysis
Assessment process is always good for business to know its current state of operation as
it helps in leading to a path which is helps in achieving various goals. But there are also changes
which can be riskier for the firm which are analysed and are needed to be adopted by it. Both the
pros and cons of an element have to be identifies first in order to gain and acquire a complete
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knowledge of implementing it in operations (Jacobs, 2013). Therefore analysis of SWOT in
order to have a justification for the implemented changes in Safi Airways also have some
advantages and disadvantages which are listed as follows:
Advantages
 Understanding business in a better way
When a company analyse its SWOT it helps in knowing its current status which brings
out an image of the operations and their status according to standards and if there rises any kind
of faults they can be addressed.
 Helps in addressing weaknesses
The weaknesses which are there in process of company can be addressed when a
company knows that where it lacks so as to make improvements in it (Jones, 2010).
 Overcome threats
The problems or any kind of threats which may rise for company in the environment are
overcome when a company identifies them which helps in development of business.
 Grab the opportunities
The opportunities which are available to the company in the near future are gained and
grabbed by company to include in its operations for further development.
 Development of business goals for achievement
The goals which are being developed by Safi Airways are a result of this analysis
according to which company have started operation online and expansion in various more
destinations.
Disadvantages
 Too many idea generation
There is no appropriate idea for development there are too many ideas which are there in
case of changes through SWOT analysis amongst which choosing appropriate is difficult.
 Not all the information are useful
The information which have come out are not useful sometimes in regards to business so
there is a wastage of time and cost.
4) Role of the change agent
Change agent is person who is responsible for bringing and identifying the change which
is required in an organisation (Ünalan, 2017). This person have the ability to think with a clear
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vision as well as is very patience and persistent with a lot of knowledge and built strong and
trustworthy relationship with the company and its people. In the case of Safi airways this agent
plays a very important role in identifying the major areas for the development and analysation of
market is done by it for further growth and development. Also this person is regarded as an
expert or auditor who checks the company's existing plans and policies so as to guide it for
further development and growth (Vaara, 2010). The process of bringing a change into action is
role of the change agent or a supervisor which is appointed by a company. The role of change
agent is to identify the change by analysing the various factors of a company. Simultaneously the
process which a change agent follows is given below:
 Develop a plan to do analysis
Change agent formulates a plan for the analysis by choosing the proper techniques and
tools for doing the evaluation. Further the choice of techniques like SWOT analysis is adopted
by the agent to have initiation of the process.
 Identify the key areas of change
The areas of change according to the chosen technique is identified which helps in have a
base for the development of change in the company. Further the most needed for change areas
are identified and a change program for them is built.
 Formulate a plan for change
The plan for change is made in order to bring the change into the organisation for further
development.
 Make sure that it is implemented
Change agent will control and monitor whether the change have been implemented in the
organisation or not.
 Reverse the assessment again
If there is more change required than the same procedure have to be followed by the
change agent so as to make effective functioning in the firm.
This is applied in the Safi airways as well by its change supervisor to initiate the need for
change in the company (van Wijngaarden, 2012). The role of change agent have been played by
the supervisor in a very appropriate manner as the company have made appropriate changes
according to the business it is putting up in. Change agents are necessary to be there in an
organisation as the company cannot operate and recognize the changes which have to be there in
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company for its operations. These agents assist the company to move in an appropriate direction
so as to have success in operation by overcoming the changes which are necessary to be initiated
in the business of the company. Also these agents charges huge money for the assistance which
they gave to the company through which there is a rise in cost which is an expense to be paid by
the company. Also the agent must have very good knowledge in regards to the business of the
company only than it can guide the company in a proper direction for making changes in the
operations and other areas wherever it is required.
In Safi airways the company have made many changes which are implemented after the
analysis of the market which demanded for them. Hence, there was a person who might have
been appointed of the same thing in the company this justifies the importance iof the change
agent in a company. There is a specific space for the person in the organisation also the business
or financial analyst are an example of change agents who identifies the progress of the business
and further where it requires to make changes. These people have been accredited as very
important in the company so as to have proper function of the company (YAPRAKLI, 2017). If a
business is operating at a very large scale then there is requirement of person who can only take
into account the department of changes which are required in the company from time tot time in
regards to any section of the association. So, change agent's role is very much specific and
important for a company.
5) Problem-centric and Dialogic approach
Problem-centric approach to change focuses on conducting a research in order to identify
the areas where it is required. Thus a learner develops a solution by analysing the concepts which
have been established for various disciplines and accordingly the changes are made. This is good
to know the problem and not in case of period where there is shortage of time.
Dialogic approach refers to an organisation which is very much captive in changes which
is required in the organisation. This also specifies that change is not constant it keeps on varying
at a very high rate so an association have to deal with this situation in a proper manner. This
theory helps in identifying the problem fast and according action is taken fast but cannot work in
complex situation where there is analysis required.
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Organisational change
The organisation is working on the problem-centric approach to change as it have
analysed the market and planned the change which have to be brought into the company
accordingly. Market investigation have been done by the theorists in the above theories which
have been justified which have been done by the company. Also there is an inclusion of the
change on a very justified basis which states that the company have made it very clear before
making any kind of change in the business.
Benefits and drawbacks approaches to change management
Benefits of the approaches to change
 These helps in knowing the problems in an appropriate manner the area where change has
to be initiated is assessed properly.
 The change management theory help in development of the business in a more proper
manner.
 There are many kind of problems which are there in an organisation which is being
solved through change management.
Drawbacks of the approaches to change
 This requires a huge cost in assessing the change which have to be made in the company.
 There is a requirement of appointing a person separately for the same which is very much
cost increasing.
 The change approaches identifies the changes which may not be required for the
company to initiate.
Identification of approach preferred to use to manage the change
Problem-centric approach to change would be used by me in order to manage the change
which have been identified as this approach will help in proper analysis of the problem due to
which the organisation is not performing properly. This will further also help in targeting the key
areas for change which have to be managed. Standards according to which change have to be
incurred will be set which will help in managing the change which have been made. For example
if a company wants to make change in a section than according to that standards can be
approached which will help in comparing the actual performance (3 Reasons Why Problem-
centered Approach is a Better Way of Learning, 2011). Also this approach is very much required
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in the Safe airways so as to know a major area of the business where there is a requirement of
change. The company have made various section where it have started operating online the
business.
In this way there is a major inclusion of problem-centric approach which justifies the
identification of the problem according to which company can make appropriate modifications in
its business. Through this the learner also approach many changes which have to be there in the
company. Management of the change would be appropriate in this manner as the problem which
is actually there will be ascertained by the expert of the company which is very important for it.
Also there is a major requirement of the assessment of the market to know the competitors
strategies according to which a move can be made so as to have an edge over the market in
regards to lead the market in Afghanistan (Yapraklı 2017). There are so many other reasons why
this approach is best are that company is on its developing stage so it will learn by the mistakes
which have been incurring in the business as well as they problems which are rising in context to
develop and rise its share in market by gaining more profit to overcome the expenses.
CONCLUSION
It have been concluded by the above report that in order to excel the change in a company
there is a major requirement of analysing the business. An appointment to the person for this
practice have to be given in the company. Also there are many approaches after analysis of them
the best can be chosen by the company. Every company aims to expand its business which will
be done only when it have its proper procedural development in any type of activity.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Benn, S., Dunphy, D. & Griffiths, A. (2014). Organizational change for corporate sustainability.
Routledge.
Brown, K. & Osborne, S. P. (2012). Managing change and innovation in public service
organizations. Routledge.
Choi, M. (2011). Employees' attitudes toward organizational change: A literature review. Human
Resource Management. 50(4). 479-500.
Colquitt and et. al., (2011). Organizational behavior: Improving performance and commitment
in the workplace. McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Goetsch, D. L. & Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper
Saddle River, NJ: pearson.
Helms, M. M. & Nixon, J. (2010). Exploring SWOT analysis–where are we now? A review of
academic research from the last decade. Journal of strategy and management. 3(3). 215-
251.
Jacobs, G., van Witteloostuijn, A. & Christe-Zeyse, J. (2013). A theoretical framework of
organizational change. Journal of Organizational Change Management. 26(5). 772-792.
Jones, G. R. & Jones, G. R. (2010). Organizational theory, design, and change.
Ünalan, M. & Yapraklı, T. Ş. (2017). Lojistik merkez olabilmesi açısından Erzurum'un SWOT
analizi ile değerlendirilmesi.
Vaara, E., Sorsa, V. & Pälli, P. (2010). On the force potential of strategy texts: a critical
discourse analysis of a strategic plan and its power effects in a city organization.
Organization. 17(6). 685-702.
van Wijngaarden, J. D., Scholten, G. R. & van Wijk, K. P. (2012). Strategic analysis for health
care organizations: the suitability of the SWOT‐analysis. The International journal of
health planning and management. 27(1). 34-49.
YAPRAKLI, T. Ş. & ÜNALAN, M. (2017). LOJİSTİK MERKEZ OLABİLMESİ AÇISINDAN
ERZURUM'UN SWOT ANALİZİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Ataturk University
Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences. 31(3).
Online
3 Reasons Why Problem-centered Approach is a Better Way of Learning. 2011. [Online].
Available through: <http://blog.commlabindia.com/elearning-design/problem-centered-
learning>. [Accessed on 31st August 2017].
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