Healthcare System Management and Culture

This assignment delves into the crucial aspects of managing healthcare systems, emphasizing the significance of open communication channels for fostering collaboration and efficiency. The role of advanced technology, such as cameras and equipment, in monitoring staff performance and ensuring quality care is also examined. Additionally, the influence of organizational culture on effective management practices within healthcare settings is analyzed.

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Organizations and behaviour
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Organizations and Behaviour
Contents
Task 1:........................................................................................................................................3
Comparison of the structures and culture of the GSK with J&J............................................3
The impact of the relationship between the organization’s structure and culture on the
performance of GSK...............................................................................................................3
Behaviour of the individual employees influenced by different factors at GSK...................4
Task 2:........................................................................................................................................4
Comparison of the effectiveness of the different leadership styles at GSK with J&J............4
Explain how organization theory supports and explains the management practices at GSK 5
Evaluation of three different approaches to management at GSK and J&J...........................5
Task 3:........................................................................................................................................6
Impact of the leadership styles on motivation at GSK during periods of change..................6
Comparison of application of two different motivational theories in the workplace at GSK 6
Evaluation of the usefulness of the motivation theories for managers and the limitations of
these theories at GSK.............................................................................................................7
Task 4:........................................................................................................................................8
Explanation of the nature groups and group behaviour at GSK.............................................8
Four factors that promote the development of effective teamwork at GSK...........................9
Evaluation of the impact of technology on team functioning at GSK.................................10
References................................................................................................................................11
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Task 1:
Comparison of the structures and culture of the GSK with J&J
GLAXOSMITHKLINE: GSK has different structures for its organization and for culture. The
hierarchical structure a party of flat structure is followed by the GSK. The flat structure of the
company is connecting the manager directly of the company. Tall structure is only based for
the military organization. The companies which are following the tall structure their
leadership hierarchy is going lower for nature (Comparing to Johnson & Johnson). There
matrix structure is arranged by the GSK for the work which is project based. When the GSK
Culture is analysed we can see their mass employee’s efficiency is growing day by day.
GSK’s Cooperative nature is helping them to flourish their business in each and every
country. The employees of the company is also very much dedicated to the business which
they are providing to the customer. GSK is a company where not only the company but also
their workers love to take challenges to give good service to the customer (Tracy, 2014).
JOHNSON & JOHNSON: Johnson & Johnson has also functional structure during every first
operation. The company is globally popular and has variety of product to produce so their
marketing strategies are also different from other companies. For maintaining the employer
of the company Human resources management is key part for the organization. 115000
employees is working under Johnson and Johnson Company over the world. The company
has fixed policies and has offered flexible arrangement of works. For Business guidance J&J
has created a philosophy which is called Credo it is a set of values which the company follow
(Motley and Dolansky, 2015). This includes the strategy of the company. Company gives or
provide variety of programs for their employers such as assistant programme for the
employer’s which give access counselling, training and intervention. The Information and IT
system helps the company for operation facilitation. This helps the company to register many
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domains. It has established corporate office of science and technology. Which is helpful for
the people to share their ideas with the company for exploration to the technology (Tracy,
2014).
Though both of the companies are similar in their field but somehow GSK has some better
plans and programme than J&J. GSK’s cultural structure is much modern and smooth than
any other companies.
The impact of the relationship between the organization’s structure and culture on the
performance of GSK
GSK’s organisational structure is the Flat structure and it is parallel toward nature because it
has modern strategies. For that reason structure and the nature of the company is very strong.
The employee relation is very proper because for the flat organization. When there is
increasing rate in the financial service that time it maintenance the proper relation as lubricant
to maintain the extra demand. GSK has to handle such critical issues like new entrants in
market with same Business GSK’s employers are very much dedicated to their work and
business. They always think about the profit of their company and about the quality product
they produce. As the employers are positive about their work the company is growing well
with their work. It is understandable that the company is benefited by the structure of exact
nature and following nature (Rehmeyer, 2013).
Behaviour of the individual employees influenced by different factors at GSK
Mutual impact of the mechanism between the structure and organisational culture will
understandable from these section. By the implementation and structure the organisation
structure are impacted by the organisational culture. The structure of the organisation are
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selected by the top managements by forming the interpretative schemes. The frame of
reference is created by the culture of the company where decision making and other
important part of the company is related where the organisational structures are build.
Organisational striker is like an important tool for the company where the managerial works
are done properly the accomplishment the goals of the organisation. The manager is the main
part of the tools for decision making and new ideas which should be logical and proper for
the company. Culture of accompany motivates the member or the employer of the company it
helps the leader to bring new plans on their work. The plan shaping and the consciousness
helps to form the sanction of relations between individual and the groups inside the
companies (Rehmeyer, 2013). The organisation should form the organisational structure for
the working purposes because for the cultural assumption which are dominant. If the powers
are unequally distributed among the company then there it will become tough circumstances
among the workers because for their dissatisfaction. If the power is distributed equally among
everyone with particular responsibility then the company will work in a formal way and will
function properly. The Structure of the organisation doesn’t affected by the culture of the
organisation. There is only two ways which can impact the existing culture that positivity of
work or the negativity of the work. The new organisational structure is completely depends
upon the compatibility.
Task 2:
Comparison of the effectiveness of the different leadership styles at GSK with J&J
The styles of leadership is always different in every situation for GSK. There are five
leadership styles for GSK they are Coaching style, Democratic style, Authoritative style,
Coercive style and pacesetting style. The authoritarian theory is associated with an autocratic
notion that develops the dictatorship of the managers and the leaders. The coercive style is
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applicable for those companies or organisation where employers doesn’t want to work or to
do jobs at that time the organisation helps the employees to motivate in their work by
encouraging them by creating innovative ideas but under some rules and limitation. In
authoritative leader ship the employers are dedicated to their work and understand the need of
the company and other demands. In democratic leadership the employer and the leader has
the same power of working and legal facilities of the company. In coaching leadership the
employers do their job proudly and get deep inside the job by knowing their responsibility
(Rehmeyer, 2013).
Some of the above process are followed in J&J Company and thus the company is a big
competitor or equivalent to GSK. Both of the companies are the successful organize on the
global market but for some few reason GSK are ahead from any other company in the market
though it’s a local market or the global market (Purkayastha and Gupta, 2015). The product
divisional structure, matrix division structure and the functional structure are the
organizational structure categories. The cultural divisions are the role culturing, power
culturing, person culturing and mission culture.
Explain how organization theory supports and explains the management practices at
GSK
The organization has some organizational theories and those are Classical approach,
administrative approach, bureaucratic approach and scientific approach the formal study is
forced by the scientific management which includes leading of organization, planning and
controlling. The organisational study and the managerial scopes are broadened by the
scientific management. The general manger of the company should be educated for to
develop more complex work by reawakening the management theory. The advantage of
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taking a highly educated manager in the company is that the manager can take a important
decision in any tough circumstance which will be efficient for the company. For improving
the managerial practice and general rules of management the duckers should be emphasized
by resurging the organisational economics. The strategic management is evolved by the
business policy. The management ideas are spread beyond the leading factory for need of
general management during emergency (Motley and Dolansky, 2015).
Evaluation of three different approaches to management at GSK and J&J
GSK develops each elements in scientific managerial approach which is replacing the old
trend of thumb system. Now a day’s companies are teaching and developing their workers
and for the scientific method and the workers are dedicatedly learning the process for their
company it has been developed according to the scientific principles. The responsibility are
equally divided between management by scientific management. It takes all the better work
fro0m the worker because the entire work is done computerised so the perfection level will
come up automatically. These process is also followed by the J&J organization for their
business purpose and these process arte taking both of the company on a high note.
The command of long chain is a part of bureaucratic approach. Sometimes the employees
become disheartened due to these approach. In these process the employers doesn’t get the
freedom to work by its own but it is very fruitful for the company because they can get the
exact work from the workers as they have expected (Motley and Dolansky, 2015).
The departmentalization concept is based on the administrative theory it means the activity
should be done differently for achieving the purpose and the object of the organization and it
should give in different groups so the task can be efficiently done. Administrative theory
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improves the managerial efficiency by which the process can become standard and also
moves in operational so the will bring the change in their routine jobs (Magee, 2007).
These theories are followed by both the companies and today both the companies are holding
a strong position in the market.
Task 3:
Impact of the leadership styles on motivation at GSK during periods of change
"Motivation is the process by which the behaviour of an individual is influenced by others,
through their power to offer or withhold satisfaction of the individual's needs and goals".
-BPP Learning Media (2010)
The GlaxoSmithKline is one of the greatest healthcare company in the world and under the
leadership of Jean-Pierre Garnier, the company faced a bit difficulty with the development
and management strategies as because he was bit arrogant. However, the current CEO of
GSK Sir Andrew Witty has extended the business culture to an open management style. J.P.
focused on an autocratic form of management style that later became too controversial to
tackle, whereas Witty seeks to be more accessible for the employees to foster growth and
organizational development of GSK. The type of leadership adapted by Witty has motivated
the employees to higher level of extents. Witty has restructured GSK and broke down the
research and development groups in smaller units, so that they can work in more compact and
efficient manner. This strategy was set keeping in mind more accountability of the company
in order to increase more profit from the investments on the research and development
groups. The approach of reducing the cost of many drugs by Witty, which people need in
various under developed countries have shown a difference in the leadership styles of the
former and current CEO of GSK (Purkayastha and Gupta, 2015).
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The impact of different leadership style sets the example of effective usage of the human
resources. The autocratic form of leadership did not do any fruitful result for GSK under J.P.
whereas the democratic form of leadership of Witty have brought a huge change not only in
the organizational culture but structure also. Laissez-faire leadership is another form of
leadership that empowers the members to work on their own will. However, GSK did not
come across this kind of leadership style.
Comparison of application of two different motivational theories in the workplace at
GSK
Motivational theories emphasises on enhancing the employment performance by leading
them in a positive and strategic manner. There are two kind of theories like content theories
that serves to motivate the employees and other working individuals, and another is process
theories that is the real form of motivational strategies. There are different factors that
regulates the motivational theories and demands different approaches according to different
situations. GSK strives to follow an open management environment that shows the approach
of giving higher priority to the needs of hierarchy (Luthra, 2015).
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs of psychology is a motivational theory that focuses
development of the human psychology by evolving five stages of human growth. The stages
in ascending order are as follows:
 Physiological: These level demands the basic needs of human growth like food,
clothes, shelter and sex. This is the most important stage that should be met in order to
attain the succeeding levels.
 Safety needs: Safety of individual and their family, anti-violence, safety of child are
the primary safety needs that human beings demand. Job security, monetary stability
are the secondary safety needs.
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 Love and belonging: After meeting up the physiological needs, human beings need to
attain and cope up with the psychological needs like friendship, love and intimacy,
family. Without these, human beings will not be able to become a social animal.
 Esteem: Every human being needs to be felt respected and to attain that stage and
there is the feeling of self-esteem.
 Self-actualization: This stage needs recognition and realization of the potential one
have.
The Hertzberg’s two-factor theory analyses two factors that influence the employee of GSK
by motivating them to work and achieving their satisfaction level (Luthra, 2015).
 Motivator factors: These factors include recognition, progression and enjoyment of
the employees in the workplace.
 Hygiene factors: Benefiting employees by salary hikes, extra benefits and good
relationship with the management authorities is essential to maintain the hygiene of
the employees’ status that is their working environment.
Evaluation of the usefulness of the motivation theories for managers and the limitations
of these theories at GSK
Motivation fosters the potential ability of a worker and enhances their working performance
that ultimately helps the organization to be in gain. Independent working capability is also
increased if employees are motivated in correct process. The company seeks to apply that
kind of motivation that aims at the organizational goals (Purkayastha and Gupta, 2015). In
GSK, management follows the Hertzberg’s two factor theory of motivation and Maslow’s
hierarchy of needs theory that completely keeps in mind the importance of the employees. In
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order to build up a healthy and long-term sustainable organizational structure, the base needs
firmness. Here, the organizational structure is completely based on the research and
development departments of the company and in order to create a fruitful and productive
culture, the motivation for employees was necessary. That is why, under the leadership of
Witty, a rapid growth of the company is witnessed.
Employee needs to be treated diligently and managers have to stay friendly enough. The
benefits of motivation in a company are as follows: increase in the communication power of
the employees, enabling them to face challenges, encouraging them to be more productive
and well adjust in the company (Kittles and Atkinson, 2009).
The limitations of above mentioned theories in GSK is that excessive emphasis on the
employees must be in accordance with legal and effective measures. However, the limitations
persist according to the different perspective and need of the workers. Every individual staff
have their own understanding and they look for their favourable areas to work in and thus, the
limitations of the theories highlights offensive consequences of the forceful implementation
of these theories.
Task 4:
Explanation of the nature groups and group behaviour at GSK
Groups are generally termed as number of persons interacting or working together. The
grouped working of employees enhances the possibilities of achieving the organizational
goals. However, groups are complex to carry to out their task and thus, needs effective
management. The group dynamics are the interactions of group members and working groups
are the most essential base to build up the social identity of employees and organization also
(Kittles and Atkinson, 2009).
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Nature groups: The organization specifies different groups to perform different tasks. The
group members have to adjust to the task that they are provided with and becomes dependent
on each other mutually. They discuss and culture their work in order to achieve the
organizational goals and promote achievement. The nature of interaction between the
members of groups are categorically viewed in three ways. The first is normative view that
specify methods to carry out the task. The second is arrangement and implication of
techniques that are discussed in group dynamics like role playing, special training, self-
management and team building. The third view describes the point of views from the internal
nature of group individuals (Liu et al., 2013). The dynamics of groups are generally formed
on the classical theories based on which the task formation and positions of the members are
decided. The ones who have common interests to share take initiation and personal interest to
stay in the group, otherwise they try for other alternative options.
The five stage model: The five stages of developing a group involves
 Forming: Here members need to find the aim of being acceptable in the group and
others’ views
 Storming: Selection of a perfect leader that concludes a clear idea about the structural
formation and positions of members.
 Norming: Developing close and humble relationship in order to meet the objectives.
 Performing: Committed level of performance by the members to prove their ability
and potential.
 Adjourning: The final stage of model that adjourns or dissolving of existing group
after the task is completed. After the objective are achieved, the groups ceases to
exist.
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The employees, workers and specially the research and development groups of GSK works
on this basis. The different disciplinary departments like genetics, toxicology and chemistry
are bases on which GSK research projects takes place (Liu et al., 2013). Teamwork and
effective management leads to achievement of the goals. The research teams are given the
full power to attain the competitive advantage by allocating them compact, integrated and
focused facilities.
Four factors that promote the development of effective teamwork at GSK
Effective team management seeks to guide a team in such a way that it attains high level
performance, versatility and member satisfaction. The four factors required for promoting
development of effective teamwork are as follows:
 Good leadership: A team is influenced and supported by good leadership. Teamwork
is initiated by motivation and every team gets that motivation from one or several
inspirations. The motive of a leader is to create examples for team members to guide
them in the correct way. Discipline and ethics are equally important to follow. The
qualities of a good leader highlights conscientiousness, adjustment, agreeableness and
intelligence.
 Effective communication: Effective teamwork demands clear communication
amongst the team members. The more members stay clear and open with their
perspectives, the easier it becomes to attain achievement of objective of the task. It is
necessarily important for the leader to train and create space for the members for open
communication.
 Diversity: Diversity is the law of time and member needs to be accept diversification
and generate immediate resolutions for the changing possibilities of the situations.
Diversity is a situation that leads to creation of new ideas and innovation.
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 Disagreement resolution plans: In order to boost up the morale and mutual
understanding of members, plans for tackling defensive situations must be made by
the leading members. This needs good team building exercises that improves the
solutions for any kind of conflicting situation.
The research and development groups consisting of highly qualified scientists and technicians
and thus, effective management and teamwork is needed. GSK provides wide range of
benefits and learning opportunities for the employees. In order to improve and motivate the
employee and worker base, GSK focuses on formal development and democratic approach to
renovate and rejuvenate the interests and need of serving good for the society (Liu et al.,
2013). Finding out innovative and effective ways of treatment needs a lot motivation that
GSK provides them. Healthcare trust, performance linked incentives and pension schemes are
some materialistic forms of motivation that generates enthusiasm amongst the workers and
serve the organization as well as the society.
Evaluation of the impact of technology on team functioning at GSK
Organizations seek opportunity to increase profit and competitiveness in the market when
new technologies are adapted to intensify and influence the performance efficiency. In GSK,
they have already developed more than 13,000 employees across the world who dedicate
their time in finding alternative and new ways for the improved disease and illness treatment.
They have organized innovation programmes that are located throughout different regions of
the world. The research and development scientists, team associates and marketing experts
work in collaboration to generate innovation and foster creativity. The strength of teams is
the depth of knowledge about the product base and pipelines. The organizations focuses to
share the knowledge amongst the business units with the help of efficient systems of
management, both business units and cross functional teams (Magee, 2007).
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The usage of technologies improves team functioning and avoids hindrances to old stuff.
Technological development and changes must be updated amongst the whole business unit.
The benefits of technological development in the communication processes that allows easy
dealing of the works. Medical equipment in this sector seeks much attention as it deals with
the development with the treatment and techniques. GSK is using the mobile technology for
the advanced vaccination in the Africa via help of telecommunication companies like
Vodafone to tackle the common infectious diseases. The email service allows the staffs to
communicate with the company unit within the office and the mobile and telecommunication
services allows the staffs to communicate with the members outside the office timings
(Magee, 2007).
The impact of the technological development in the team functioning by allowing an
integrated and open communication. The use of cameras and advanced equipment help the
healthcare units to keep a strict vigilance on the staffs.
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